No abstract available.
Leiomyoma*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Calcium Channels* ; Calcium* ; Rats*

The present study was undertaken to observe the pathologic changes of the liver in albino rats with Clonorchis sinensis. Twenty five rats given 50 metacercariae respectively by mouth were autopsied at 3 days (group 1), one week (group 2), 4 weeks (group 3), 8 weeks (group 4) and 12 weeks (group 5) of infection. The following results were obtained: Parasites were seen in bile ducts of group 2, 3, 4, 5 and increased in number with duration of infection. The pathologic changes in the liver were prominent in intrahepatic bile ducts. Epithelial cells of bile ducts showed definite atypia and proliferation resulting in pseudostratification in group. Stratification of metaplastic squamous cells and glandular proliferation were prominent in group 3. The epithelial cells were keratinized with syncitium and cribriform formation in group 4 and almost suggestive of adenomatous hyperplasia in group 5. Periductal fibrosis seen in group 4 was considerable as well as mature with hyalinized connective tissue in group 5. Heavy inflammatory cell infiltrations around the affected bile ducts in group 1 became smaller in number with duration of infection. The inflammatory cells consisted of the majority of eosinophils in group 1 and chiefly plasma cells, lymphocytes and mononuclear cells in group 5. Veins in portal spaces dilated markedly in group 1 became less prominent with duration of infection. Although portal fibrosis increased definitely in group 3 often extended into the hepatic lobules in group 4, the changes of hepatic cells, sinusoids and central veins were negligible. Above results suggest that clonorchiasis could be a factor in inducing primary carcinoma of liver in albino rats.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis-clonorchiasis ; pathology ; histology ; liver ; rat ; eosinophil ; plasma cell ; lymphocyte ; mononuclear cell ; carcinoma

No abstract available.
Coronary Artery Bypass* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Mortality*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Lateral canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (LC-BPPV) is characterized by horizontal direction changing nystagmus induced by lateral head turning in supine position. According to the Ewald's second law, the direction of head turning that creates stronger response represents the affected side of geotropic nystagmus and the healthy side in apogeotropic nystagmus. However, it may not always be possible to lateralize the involved ear only by comparing the intensity of the nystagmus. We studied the values of lying-down nystagmus (LDN) in the lateralization of LC-BPPV. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We performed a retrospective study of 54 patients who had been diagnosed as having LC-BPPV in Dizziness Clinic of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from May 2003 to February 2004. The directions of the nystagmus induced by lying down were compared with those determined by the Ewald's second law. RESULTS: Of the 54 patients, 32 (20 apogeotropic and 12 geotropic) patients showed horizontal nystagmus induced by lying down. The nystagmus was ipsilesional in 16 (80%) apogeotropic and contralesional in 9 (75%) geotropic patients. CONCLUSION: In LC-BPPV, the LDN mostly beats toward the involved ear in the apogeotropic type, and directs to the healthy ear in the geotropic type. The direction of LDN may help lateralizing the involved ear in LC-BPPV
Deception ; Dizziness ; Ear ; Head ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Nystagmus, Pathologic ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Supine Position ; Vertigo*

OBJECTIVES: Many factors influence the outcome of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). One of the most important prognostic factors is the level of obstruction in the lacrimal drainage system. The main objective of this report is to evaluate both the frequency of obstruction by anatomical region of the lacrimal drainage system on dacryocystography (DCG) and the surgical outcome of endoscopic DCR according to the obstruction level. METHODS: A retrospective series of 48 patients (60 eyes) who had undergone endoscopic DCR from January 2005 to November 2007 were enrolled. Preoperative evaluation consisted of a standard examination which included lacrimal irrigation, probing, DCG and osteomeatal unit (OMU) computed tomography. Patients were classified into four groups according to the obstruction level on DCG. Surgical outcome was evaluated postoperatively by subjective improvement of epiphora and patent rhinostomy opening on nasal endoscopic exam. RESULTS: Of 60 eyes, the levels of obstruction were the common canaliculus in 14 eyes (23.3%), the lacrimal sac in 13 eyes (21.7%), the duct-sac junction in 13 eyes (21.7%) and the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) in 20 eyes (33.3%). The ductsac junction obstruction was treated most successfully (100%), followed by NLD obstruction (90%), common canaliculus obstruction (78.6%) and saccal obstruction (69.2%). CONCLUSION: In patients with lacrimal drainage system obstruction, preoperative evaluation of obstruction level using DCG may be helpful for predicting the surgical outcome of endoscopic DCR. The saccal obstruction may have a worse prognosis than the other obstruction levels.
Dacryocystorhinostomy ; Drainage ; Eye ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Lacrimal Duct Obstruction ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

Type 1 diabetes is considered as Th1 cell mediated autoimmune disease and the suppression of Th1 cells or the activation of Th2 cells has been regarded as a plausible immunologic intervention for the prevention of type 1 diabetogenesis in a rodent model. CpG ODN is an immunostimulatory sequence primarily present in bacterial DNA, viral DNA and BCG. CpG ODN is conventionally classified as a Th1 cell activator, which has been clinically applied to cancer, allergy and infectious disease. Recently, there was a promising report of that CpG ODN administration suppressed the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice by inducing Th2 cell mediated cytokine. However, the antidiabetogenic effect of CpG ODN on NOD mice is controversial. Thus, two studies were serially undertaken with various kinds of CpG motif to find a more optimal sequence and administration method. In the first study, CpG ODN was vaccinated four times and pancreatic inflammation and the quantity of serum insulin subsequently evaluated. In the second study, the amounts of IFN gamma and IL-4 in sera were measured as representative cytokines of Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively. As a result, vaccination or continuous injection of CpG ODN failed to show a preventive effect on type 1 diabetogenesis in NOD mice. Structural differences of CpG ODN also had no affect on the result. CpG ODN also consistently showed affect on the pancreatic pathology. The productions of IFN gamma and IL-4 were detected only in the K and D type CpG ODN administration groups. Comparison of the two cytokines leads to the conclusion that CpG ODN generated a Th1-weighted response in both study groups. It was assumed that CpG ODN failed to produce Th2-weighted cytokine milieu, which can overcome the genetically determined phenotype of NOD mice. Given these results, it was concluded that the immunotherapeutic application of CpG ODN on Type 1 diabetes had clear limitations.
Animals ; DNA/*pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*immunology/*prevention & control ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Th1 Cells/*immunology

No abstract available.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Humans ; Mitral Valve*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The timing of surgery is an important consideration point in the management of blowout fracture (BOF) of the orbit. This study aimed to compare the surgical outcome of early and delayed reduction and to suggest the best timing of surgery in the pure medial BOF of the orbit. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Fifty-two patients who had endoscopic endonasal reduction of medial BOF were studied retrospectively. Patients were divided into an early group (N=42) who had surgery within one month after the trauma and a delayed group (N=10) who had surgery after one month from the trauma. Surgical indications, results of the surgery, and complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The surgical indications in the early group were persistent diplopia, large defect expecting later enophthalmos and limitation of EOM, whereas the delayed group complained mainly of enophthalmos and diplopia. There were no significant differences in surgical outcomes and the rate of complications between the two groups. CONCLUSION: When patients with pure medial BOF have large defects without any persistent diplopia and limitation of EOM, surgery would be safely deferred until significant enophthalmos occurs.
Diplopia ; Endoscopes ; Enophthalmos ; Humans ; Orbit ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In 2002, Friedman et al. suggested a clinical staging system of obstructive sleep disorder patients based on palate position, tonsil size, and body mass index. The purpose of this study was to compare the treatment outcomes of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) and coblation assisted uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (CAUP) according to the Friedman staging system. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Fifty patients with obstructive sleep apnea who underwent UPPP or CAUP were included. Apnea index (AI), Respiratory distress index (RDI), and Body-mass index (BMI) of preoperative polysomnography were measured. The questionnaires about snoring, apnea, and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) were taken by the patients and their bed partners before and after operation. All patients were stratified according to the Friedman staging system. RESULTS: Stage II patients were most common (41 cases, 82%). There was no difference in preoperative polysomnography parameters among stages. Preoperative polysomnography was decisive parameters on the determination of operative modality. UPPP was more effective than CAUP for symptom of sleep apnea with high success rate of 92.7%. CONCLUSION: In stage II, the success rates of sleep apnea and snoring were 80.4% and 63.4%. Though UPPP showed better success rate in treating sleep apnea, the success rate of CAUP in treating snoring was comparable to that of UPPP. CAUP is a good alternative to UPPP in treating snoring.
Apnea ; Body Mass Index ; Humans ; Palate ; Palatine Tonsil ; Polysomnography ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive* ; Snoring