The nested variant of transitional cell carcinoma(TCC) is rarely found in the bladder. Only about 80 such cases have been reported in the literature. Irregular nests and tubules of TCC infiltrating the lamina propria, with no involvement of the mucosal layer, characterize this disease. These characteristics make it difficult to diagnose the nested variant of transitional cell carcinoma. In this study we reported on a new case and review the relevant literature. This case was accompanied with hydronephrosis. We report on this case with its accompanying hydronephrosis because of its rarity and unusual histology, and also its prognostic significance emphasizes the need to distinguish it from classic TCC.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Hydronephrosis* ; Mucous Membrane ; Urinary Bladder

Despite orthodontic treatment(tooth moving) is dynamic act, many orthodontists have used mainly static evaluation method for evaluating effectiveness of the orthodontic appliances. They want to find which is better appliance, especially in the treatment results and treatment period, when they chose one appliance from sugessted appliances for obtaining same treatment goal. The author and colleagues invented and manufactured new machine for getting information about the relative effectiveness from many suggested orthodontic appliances and we named it Calorific machine. We used this Calorific machine to find the relative differences about tooth moving mechanism and tooth moving time between the Burstone's PLA(single force mechanism) and Molar-up's PLA(couple mechanism) for correcting the posterior cross bite. We measured the distance of tooth moving on the occlusal X-ray film and recorded the moving time of the anchored(control elct o-thermal tooth) and lingually tipped lower second molars(experimental electro-thermal tooth) and then processed paired t-est by SAS program The results were as follows. 1. Molar-up's PLA showed more extrusive and horizontal movement than Burstone's PLA at the lingually tipped molar(p=0.0000). 2. There is no finding of tooth movement by Molar-up's PLA at the uprighted molar(p=o.3475) but Burstone's PLA showed a little change(02 mm) at the same molar(p=O.0001). 3. Burstone's PLA took 17.8 minutes for tooth moving but Molar-up's PLA took only 3.8 minutes(p=0.0001)
Malocclusion ; Orthodontic Appliances ; Tooth Movement ; Tooth* ; X-Ray Film

PURPOSE: To evaluated the effect of the intra-individual variation in the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level in men without prostate cancer to decide on the requirement of a prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients, aged between 50 and 80 years, were screened for prostate cancer or lower urinary tract symptoms at least 2 times within 3 months using PSA or free PSA measurements. Patients with an initial PSA level between 2.0 and 10.0ng/ml were included. Those with prostate cancer, urinary tract infection or 5-alpha reductase inhibitor medication were excluded. The coefficient of variation (CV) was evaluated in each PSA range. RESULTS: The analysis included 139 patients, with a mean age 62.1 years. The level of free PSA was measured in 56 patients. The mean interval between the two PSA measurements was 36.6 days. The mean CVs for the total PSA and % free PSA were 21.5 and 22.2%, respectively. 20% of patients show a CV of more than 30%, implying a large variation. In our study, the 95% confidence interval of initial PSA levels between 3.0 and 4.9ng/ml included the PSA cut-off point (4.0ng/ml) in the visit results. CONCLUSIONS: The variation the PSA level was relatively small, but some patients showed a CV greater than 30%. Therefore, the intra-individual PSA variation should become part of interpreting the PSA test results, especially for men with a PSA value near the cut-off point.
Antigenic Variation ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Oxidoreductases ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Urinary Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: Four platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) family members have been identified; the classical PDGFs, PDGF-A and PDGF-B, and the novel PDGFs, PDGF-C and PDGF-D, which were only recently discovered. METHODS: The present study was designed to determine the changes of the platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) subtypes (C & D) and their receptors (PDGFR)-alpha & beta expression in kidneys during pre- and postnatal development. RESULTS: All the protein levels of PDGFR-alpha and -beta and the mRNA levels of PDGF-C and D were high in kidneys during the prenatal period and decreased differently during the postnatal period. PDGFR-alpha was expressed in the interstitial space at embryo day 18. PDGFR-beta protein were expressed in metanephric blastema at embryo day 18. PDGF-C mRNA was expressed in metanephric blastema, developing glomerulus at embryo 18 day and in collecting duct at postnatal day 7. PDGF-D mRNA was expressed in the parietal and vesceral epithelial cells during pre and postnatal period. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the PDGF subtypes (C & D) and their receptors (PDGFR-alpha & -beta) are differently expressed in the kidney during the prenatal and postnatal period.
Embryonic Structures ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Kidney ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; Rabeprazole ; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor* ; RNA, Messenger