To demonstrate possible influences of general bone density on the mandible, histomorphometric analysis was carried out in mandibles and iliac bones and the correlation of the two bone densities was tested. Comparison of bony density in women and men over 60 years in the mandible was carried out too. Quantitative computed tomography (GCT) was taken in cross-section of mandibles at the same site where histomorphometric analysis was performed to evaluate the reliability of QCT. The analysis included 40 cadavers with no known disease affecting the bones. The subjects consisted of 15 females and 25 males with a mean age of 60.3 years. Spearman correlation analysis and Wilcoxon rank sum test was performed. The results were as follows. 1. There was statistically no correlation between the mandible and iliac bone in the walues of corrected cortical width (CCW), cortical porosity (POR) in cortex, and total bone volume(TBV), mean trabecular plate thickness (MTPT), mean trabecular plate density (MTPD), and mean trabecular plate separation (MTPS) in trabecular bone. 2. Comparison of women and men over 60 years, men had statistically higher bone density than women except for POR of buccal and lingual cortex, and MTPD of alveolar trabeculae in mandible. 3. There was statistically significant correlation between TBV of trabecular bone and CT NO., but not between POR and CT No. In mandible. According to the results above, there was no correlation between mandible and iliac bone density and between mandibular bony density and age. Further studies are required to support the results. A more noninvasive method to be able to measure the bone density of mandible should be developed and it is necessary to accumulate data on the normal values of bone density of mandible according to age and sex. Further study should be carried out about QCT to measure mandibular bony density using QCT.
Bone Density* ; Cadaver ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible* ; Porosity ; Reference Values

As the productive activities have vastly increased following industrialization and urbanization in the modem society, the resulting high mobility of people and goods have caused a sharp increase in the accidents in the work places as well as traffic accidents. In particular, deaths caused by injuries are generally concentrated in the economically active young peoples, producing incalculable losses to the society and nation as a whole. Advanced nations with superior medical care systems have succeeded in reducing incidents of such deaths by operating trauma centers. Especially noteworthy is the case of the United States where such specialized trauma centers have greatly contributed to reducing deaths from injuries in the non-urban areas with less access to medical facilities. At present Korea has no medical centers specializing in injuries. In large cities, the injuries are being treated tertiary medical facilities while in the provinces they are referred to small and medium-sized hospitals that constitute secondary medical facilities. Currently in Korea the Trauma patients are treated at general hospitals that consist of 726 secondary medical facilities and 40 tertiary medical centers nationwide. The secondary medical facilities which tend to take most responsibility for the treatment of trauma are generally deficient in medical staff and facilities (including operating and intensive care facilities). Despite such deficiency and limitations, no regulations exist regarding treatment or transportation of trauma patients. This article reports the outcome of a comparative analysis of the results of trauma treatments among different types of medical facilities based on objective data in the hope that such study would facilitate a comparison with the treatment systems of advanced countries and thereby contribute to a precise formulation of problems that must be addressed in this area.
Accidents, Traffic ; Hope ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Critical Care ; Korea ; Medical Staff ; Modems ; Social Control, Formal ; Transportation ; Trauma Centers ; United States ; Urbanization ; Workplace ; Industrial Development

Infantile hemangioendothelioma of the liver is a common vascular tumor in infancy. The tumor is usually multinodular or diffuse and classified into two types. We present a case of infantile hemangioendothelioma of the liver, which predominantly consists of type 2. A 4-month-old female was admitted for an evaulation of an abdominal distension. A CT scan of the liver showed a multinodular mass. The right lobectomy was done. Grossly, the mass consisted of round nodules ranging from 2cm to 5cm in diameter. Microscopically, the tumor revealed proliferation of small vascular channels lined by endothelial cells. Bizarre cells and mitotic cells were frequently noted. Vesicular nuclei and multilayering of the endothelial cells were also noted.
Endothelial Cells ; Female ; Hemangioendothelioma* ; Humans ; Infant ; Liver* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Fundus photographs performed during health check-up were reviewed to determine the usefulness in mass screening. METHODS: Subjects consistine of 3017 people who had undergone physical health check up at the Health Clinic, Dong-Eui Medical Center in 1997 and whose fundus photographs of both eyes were taken showing clearly visible posterior pole and optic disc were chosen as subjects. Medical records which included cases of reported close exam and causes, actual cases of close exam and final diagnoses. RESULTS: Of the 3017 people, reported close exam was performed in 665 (22.0%). Among them glaucoma was suspected in 460 retinal hemorrhagic lesion in 63, retinal degenerative lesion in 67 and others in 75. There were 187 actual cases(28.1%) of close exam including glaucoma suspect in 79, retinal hemorrhagic lesion 47, retinal degenerative lesion 34 and others 27. Among 187 actual cases of close exam, 140 people (1.3%) were eventually diagnosed as glaucoma suspect (60), retinal hemorrhagic lesion (38), retinal degenerative lesion (21) and others (21). CONCLUSIONS: Fundus photographs are useful in mass screening, but performing close exam to enhance the usefulness of the fundus photographs is necessary.
Diagnosis ; Glaucoma ; Mass Screening* ; Medical Records ; Retinaldehyde

No abstract available.
Female ; Fetal Heart* ; Hearing* ; Heart Rate, Fetal* ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVE: Most of the studies that have described surgical procedures for moyamoya disease(MMD) have had the aim to improve the blood flow mainly in the middle cerebral artery(MCA) territory. The purpose of this study is to clarify the good indications for a multiple burrhole operation to treat MMD. METHODS: With the patient under local anesthesia, burrhole trephination with a diameter of 1.5 to 2cm at 3 to 5cm lateral to the midline was performed in a total of 18 hemispheres during 12 procedures. The burrholes were opened in the frontal lobe at 19 sites in 10 patients and in the parietal lobe at 22 sites in 12 patients. Revascularization through multiple burrholes and arachnoid openings was performed in 12 patients who suffered from MMD. RESULTS: As seen on the follow up angiograms, good revascularization was achieved in 27 of 41 burrholes, and mainly from the middle meningeal artery and then from the superficial temporal artery. The moyamoya vessels were decreased in four patients. The neovascularization covered 68.4% of the frontal lobe and 63.5% of the parietal lobe. Compared with the preoperative 99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT, 6 patients showed improvement of cerebral blood flow on the postoperative 99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT. Transient ischemic attack disappeared in three of the four patients who presented with this symptom, and the preoperative symptoms improved in both of the patients who presented with headache and cerebral infarction. CONCLUSIONS: A multiple burrhole operation is a simple technique. The results of our series suggest that the revascularization obtained for adult MMD patients who underwent a multiple burrhole operation is similar to that obtained with other indirect surgeries, but long term follow up studies are needed.
Adult ; Anesthesia, Local ; Arachnoid ; Cerebral Infarction ; Follow-Up Studies ; Frontal Lobe ; Headache ; Humans ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Meningeal Arteries ; Moyamoya Disease ; Parietal Lobe ; Temporal Arteries

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of 3 dimensional-volume MR imaging technique for demonstrating the facial nerves and to describe MR findings in facial palsy patients and evaluate the significance of facial nerve enhancement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the MR images of facial nerves obtained with 3 Dimensional-volume imaging technique before and after intravenous administration of Gadopentetate dimeglumine in 13 cases who had facial paralysis and 33 cases who had no facial palsy. And we analyzed the detectabilty of anatomical segments of intratemporal facial nerves and facial nerve enhancement. RESULTS: When the 3 Dimensional-volume MR images of 46 nerves were analyzed subjectively, the nerve courses of 43(93%) of 46 nerves were effectively demonstrated on 3 Dimensional-volume MR images. Internal acoustic canal portions and geniculate ganglion of facial nerve were well visualized on axial images and tympanic and mastold segments were well depicted on oblique sagittal images. 10 of 13 patients(77%) were visibly enhanced along at least one segment of the facial nerve with swelling or thickening, and nerves of 8 of normal 33 cases(24%) were enhanced without thickening or swelling. CONCLUSION: MR findings of facial nerve paralysis is asymmetrical thickening of facial nerve with contrast enhancement. The 3 Dimensional-volume MR imaging technique should be a useful study for the evaluation of intratemporal facial nerve disease.
Acoustics ; Administration, Intravenous ; Facial Nerve Diseases ; Facial Nerve* ; Facial Paralysis ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Geniculate Ganglion ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Paralysis

Congenital malformations are a common cause of illness, handicapping conditions, and death. Errors of morphogenesis leading to congenital anomalies have many recognized causes, including specific single-gene mutations, chromosome imbalances, and the action of teratogenic agents. Most congenital anomalies, however, are of multifactorial origin, occurring by complex interactions between not yet well understood genetic and environmental factors. Two to six percent of the newborn babies worldwide, i.e., 3 to 9 million infants a year, suffer from major congenital anomalies and genetic diseases. However, a great deal of this misery could be avoided. In particular, preconception care is more important than prenatal care for prevention of congenital anomalies since as many as 30 percent of pregnant women begin traditional prenatal care in the second trimester (>13 weeks of gestation), which is after the period of maximal organogenesis. Women and their partners whose ethnic background, race, or personal or family history places them at increased risk of having a fetus with a genetic disease should receive appropriate counseling. Furthermore, certain laboratory tests of the infection status of couples may be helpful in assessing the risk for and preventing some complications during pregnancy. Preconception evaluation and appropriate counseling permits parents to make informed reproductive decisions and provides reassurance.
Continental Population Groups ; Counseling ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Fetus ; Genetic Counseling ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Morphogenesis ; Organogenesis ; Parents ; Preconception Care ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Pregnant Women ; Prenatal Care

A 29-year-old woman presented with secondary amenorrhea, primary infertility, and virilization, which had developed over the past 2 years was suspected to have a virilizing tumor at her left ovary. Her serum testosterone level was markedly elevated (380 ng/dL). Left salpingooophorectomy was performed, and histopathological examination revealed a thecoma of the left ovary. The postoperative serum testosterone level returned to 65 ng/dL. The patient did not have regression of virilism soon. However, the patient had a normal menstruation 29 days after surgery and gave birth to a baby 13 months after surgery.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Menstruation ; Ovarian Neoplasms/blood/*complications/*surgery ; Ovariectomy ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Testosterone/blood ; Thecoma/blood/*complications/*surgery ; Virilism/blood/*etiology/surgery

BACKGROUND: Aside from its well known peripheral antihypertensive effects, calcium also lowers blood pressure, when administered into the cerebral ventricle. The present study was aimed to determine whether the central depressor response to calcium is mediated by a stimulation of endogenous L-arginine-nitric oxide (NO) pathway. METHODA: Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were continuously recorded from the femoral artery in anesthetized rats. Administration of calcium was performed into the right lateral cerebral ventricle. The effects of N G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on the cardiovascular response to calcium were examined. RESULTS: Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of calcium consistently produced a decrease in MAP and HR. The depressor and bradycardiac responses to calcium showed a dose-dependent fashion. Pretreatment with a calcium channel blocker, diltiazem (1 micromol, ICV), attenuated cardiovascular responses to calcium. ICV infusion (1 microl/min) of L-NAME (200 microgram/kg and 20 microgram/kg/min for 60 min) increased MAP without significant changes in HR. Chronic ingestion of L-NAME (5 mg/100 ml in drinking water, 4 weeks) also increased the systolic blood pressure as compared with control. The depressor effect of ICV calcium was significantly diminished in acute or chronic L-NAME treated rats. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the central depressor response to calcium, at least in part, is NO-dependent.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Calcium Channels ; Calcium* ; Cerebral Ventricles ; Diltiazem ; Drinking Water ; Eating ; Femoral Artery ; Heart Rate ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide* ; Rats