There are a number of formulas to calculate the implant power in cataract surgery, but SRK(TM) regression formula has been used to calculate the power of over 90% of all IOLs implanted in U.S.A.. The same may be said of our country. A constant in the SRK(TM) formula exerts an influence on the accuracy of any implant power calculation by various factors. Furthermore, it is suspicious that A constant designated in West shall apply to the Koreans, because anatomical structure of the eye between the two is more or less different. Therefore, in order to achieve the desired postoperative refractive state, it is desirable to individualize the SRK(TM) regression formula by calculating a revised A constant using a given style of lens implant from the same manufacturer. This study included 418 posterior chamber lenses of 5 different styles undergoing cataract surgery with IOL implantion in the Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam University Hospital. Revised A constants were calculated retrospectively by evaluating the results. Predicted postoperative refractive state after IOL implantation of the power given by using Binkhorst formula, SRK(TM) formula with designated A constant and SRK(TM) formula with revised A constant, respectively, and actual postoperative refractive state were compared and analyzed to evaluate the accuracy among those three groups. The results were as follows: 1. The revised A constants obtained from retrospective analysis were as follows: IOLAB, 116.1; 3M, 115.1; Cilco with angulated haptics, 116.4: Copeland, 116.1; Cilco with uniplanar haptics, 115.2. The revised A constants in all the styles of implants were more or less reduced than the designated A constants. 2. There were no difference in the revised A constants between phacoemulification group and planned extracapsular cataract extraction group. 3. In all the styles of IOLs, the SRK(TM) formulas with revised A constants weremore accurate than the Binkhorst formulas and the SRK(TM) formulas with designated A constants in deternining IOL power. 4. In accuracy according to variable axial lengths and corneal refractive powers among those three groups, better result was obtained in the SRK with revised A constant.
Cataract ; Cataract Extraction ; Jeollanam-do ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Ophthalmology ; Retrospective Studies

5-Fluorouracil(5-FU), an antimetabolite capable of inhibiting fibroblast proliferation, was administered subconjunctivally after trabeculectomy(with or without lens extraction) on 8 eyes of 8 patients with neovascular or aphakic glaucoma, with poor visual acuity and poor surgical prognosis. The follow-up period ranged from 4 to 12 months. The mean intraocular pressure was reduced by approximately 65.5%, from 45.3 mmHg preoperatively to 15.6 mmHg postoperatively. Four of 8 eyes required no medication, but 3 needed some topical medication to achieve an intraocular pressure of <21 mmHg, and the remainder was 24 mmHg with hypotensive medication, postoperatively. The postoperative visual acuities improved in 3 of 8 eyes and remained unchanged in 5. Postoperative complications were hyphema in 4 cases, delayed formation of anterior chamber in 1 case, and serious inflammatory reaction in anterior chamber and severe longstanding conjunctival hyperemia in all the cases.
Anterior Chamber ; Fibroblasts ; Fluorouracil* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Hyphema ; Intraocular Pressure ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Trabeculectomy* ; Visual Acuity

Clinical studies were performed that the patient with angina pectoris having no responses to Ca++ antagonist and beta-blocker had been taken nicorandil 5mg bid daily with, beta-blokade and Ca++ antagonists for 3 weeks. The results after the use of nicorandil were as follows; 1) The clinical symptoms after the use of nicorandil were improved in 20(80%) of 25 patients, specially marked improved in 16 of 25 patients. There was no significant changes of BP and heart rate after the use of nicorandil. 2) The results of CBC, urinalysis, serum chemistry exa. and chest P-A were within normal range before and after the use of nicorandil. 3) After the use of nicorandil, ST segments depressed in 13 of 25 patients before use of nicorandil was elevated in 8(61.6%) of 13 cases after the use of that. QT interval, P-R interval and T wave in 25 cases were within normal range before and after the use of that. The M mode echocardiography showed the decreased movement of ventricular septum in 19 of 25 patients before the use of Nicorandil, and there was no changes after the use of that. 4) The adverse effects after the use of nicorandil to 25 patients were as follows: headache in 3(12%), nausea and vomiting 2(8%), palpitation 1(4%), upper abdominal discomfort 1(4%), and facial flushing 1(4%).
Angina Pectoris* ; Chemistry ; Echocardiography ; Flushing ; Headache ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Nausea ; Nicorandil* ; Reference Values ; Thorax ; Urinalysis ; Ventricular Septum ; Vomiting

We studied clinical applicability of the contact transscleral retinopexy using the continuous-wave Nd:YAG (CW-YAG) laser. CW-YAG laser photocoagulation was done over sclera through contact probe in the pigmented rabbit eyes. Cryoretinopexy was also done and their morphologic findings were compared. Acute lesions produced with the laser photocoagulation were noted to have the characteristic white-colored distinct depigmentation. Its microscopic findings were oharacterized by choroidal necrosis, disruption of Bruch's membrane, dispersion of retinal pigment epithelial cells, and disorganization of sensory retina. Acute lesions after the cryoretinopexy were much more broader in its area and showed slight tanslucent retinal edema. Its microscopic findings showed relatively well-preserved choroid including Bruch's membrane. These data demonstrated that the contact transscleral CW-YAG laser retinopexy is capable of inducing more localized, stronger chorioretinal adhesion than the cryoretinopexy.
Bruch Membrane ; Choroid ; Diathermy ; Epithelial Cells ; Light Coagulation ; Necrosis ; Papilledema ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde ; Sclera

No abstract available.
Head* ; Necrosis*

The objectives of this study are two-fold : to identify geographic variations in the rate of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy(T and A) and appendectomy and analyze the socioeconomic variables and health resources which affect geographic variation in the rate. The nationwide three month's cases of the two surgical procedures in 1991 are obtained from the record of the National Federation of Medical Insurance. The analysis shows two to ten-fold variations in the regional rates for the performance of two common procedures such as T and A and appendectomy. T and A shows a bigger regional variations than appendectomy. As a result of multiple regression, the factor of bed supply has been found significant for the dependent variable of the rate of T and A. The findings of large variations in the rate of surgical procedures throughout the country would have important implications for allocating scarce resources and managing quality of care. Further analysis is needed for the elaboration of the above implications.
Appendectomy* ; Health Resources ; Insurance ; Korea* ; Tonsillectomy*

Parathyroid hormone(PTH), a major bone hormone, inhihits DNA and collagen syntheses in osteohlast-like cells in vitro, but increase the proliferation of osteoblast in vivo as secn in hyperparathyroidism. On the other hand, insulin is known to increase DNA and collagen syntheses and modify the effects of PTH in osteoblast-like cells. We have examined the effects of PTH and insulin in rat osteosarcoma UMR-l06-01 cells and whether PTH plays a role in the insulin-mediated bone formation. When 1 nM PTH and 10 nM insulin were administered to VMR-l06-01 ceils, the rates of DNA synthesis were 124% and 136% of the untreated control, respectively. When the two hormones were administered serially by exposing to 1 nM PTH for 7 days followed by 10 nM insulin lor 24h, the largest increase was observed. The protein synthesis was also increased remarkahly when the two hormones were aclministered serially: the[3H]-leucine incorporation rates, compared to the control group, were 75% and l62% with PTH ancl insulin administration, respectively, but the rate was 297% with the serial administration of the two. The collaeen synthesis, as measured by the (3H)-proline incorporation rates were 60% and l64% with PTH and insulin administration, respectively, but 351% with serial administration, again showing a dramatic effect. These results showed that 1 nM PTH decreased DNA and collagen syntheses in UMR-l06-01 cells after both a 24h and a more prolonged exposure. Similar exposures to insulin tended to increase the syntheses. The comhination of PTH and insulin tended to increase the syntheses. hut not beyond the effect of insulin alone. However, the sequential administration of PTH and insulin markedly increases ihose rales relative to the simultaneous adminstration of these two hormones. Thus, it is possihle that sequential stimulation of PTH and insulin in hone matrix exerts an synergistic effect on hone formation in vivo.
Animals ; Collagen ; DNA ; Hand ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Insulin* ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Osteosarcoma* ; Parathyroid Hormone* ; Rats ; Respiratory Sounds

Recently, it has been widely recognized that the newly developed multi focal intraocular lens provides good near and far vision. Therefore, among 70 eyes who underwent 3M multifocal intraocular lens insertion procedure at our hospital from July 1989 to may 1990, 50 eyes that could be closely followed up for at least 3 months postoperatively were chosen as our study subjects. After careful analytical review of data such as postoperative near and far vision, refractory power, spherical equivalent of diopter of spectacles needed for correction of vision, change of vision according to size of pupil as well as relationship between central location of intraocular lens(IOL) and vision, and multifocusing ability of IOL, we have attained the following results. 1. 36(72.0%) males and 14 females(28.0%) have received multifocal IOL. According to age, 16 eyes(32.0%) were in their 40's, comprising the greatest number, followed by those in the 50's(24.0%) and 60's(24.0%). 2. Postoperatively, 23 eyes(46.0%) have attained emmetropia. 12 eyes(24.0%) were hyperopic, and 15 eyes(30.0%) were myopic. Spherical equivalent of corrected spectacles was -0.35D. The number of eyes attaining corrected vision over 1.0 was 36(72.0%),44 eyes over 0.5(88.0%), and 6 eyes less than 0.4(12.0%). 3. The number of near vision J1 with corrected vision over 1.0 were 33 eyes(66.0%), greater than J2 were 36(72.0%), and in the case of vision of 0.9-0.8 J1 and J2 were 2 eyes(4.0%) and 3 eyes(6.0%), respectively; vision of 0.7-0.5 J2 was 1 eye(2.0%), J3 were 2 eyes(4.0%). In vision less than 0.4, J3 and less than J3 were 3 eyes(6.0%) in each cases. 4. Corrected near vision attained by additional diopter in 15 eyes that have a near vision of less than J2 are as follow: 7 eyes of J1(14.0%), 4 eyes of J2(8.0%) 2 eyes of J3(4.0%) and 2 eyes of less than J3(4.0%). Average additional diopter required to obtain J1 was +0.64D. 5. In the group that has corrected vision over 1.0, the number of eyes that had matched center of IOL and center of pupil was 17(34.0%), number of eyes that has a deviation of 0.5 mm was 6(12.0%), 8 eyes with a deviation of 1.0 mm(16.0%), 5 eyes with a deviation of 1.5 mm(10.0%); but, none have affected vision. 6. Change of vision according to the size of pupil was measured. In the case of corrected vision over 1.0, pupil size of 2.0-4.0 mm and dilated pupil size over 5.0 mm occurred in 36 eyes in each case, and a constricted pupil size less than 2.0 mm occurred 35 eyes with no vision change observed. 7. In the case of corrected vision over 1.0, additional use of lens from +1.0D to -3.0D has not affected vision when maintained at a level of over 0.8 but use of any lens out of this range has dramatically decreased vision. 8. After inserting vultifocal IOL, complaints of diplopia, glare, dizziness and seeing rings were observed in 10 eyes(20.0%); but, 5 months later symptoms had disappeared in all cases.
Diplopia ; Dizziness ; Emmetropia ; Eyeglasses ; Glare ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Male ; Miosis ; Pupil

Recently, it has been widely recognized that the newly developed multi focal intraocular lens provides good near and far vision. Therefore, among 70 eyes who underwent 3M multifocal intraocular lens insertion procedure at our hospital from July 1989 to may 1990, 50 eyes that could be closely followed up for at least 3 months postoperatively were chosen as our study subjects. After careful analytical review of data such as postoperative near and far vision, refractory power, spherical equivalent of diopter of spectacles needed for correction of vision, change of vision according to size of pupil as well as relationship between central location of intraocular lens(IOL) and vision, and multifocusing ability of IOL, we have attained the following results. 1. 36(72.0%) males and 14 females(28.0%) have received multifocal IOL. According to age, 16 eyes(32.0%) were in their 40's, comprising the greatest number, followed by those in the 50's(24.0%) and 60's(24.0%). 2. Postoperatively, 23 eyes(46.0%) have attained emmetropia. 12 eyes(24.0%) were hyperopic, and 15 eyes(30.0%) were myopic. Spherical equivalent of corrected spectacles was -0.35D. The number of eyes attaining corrected vision over 1.0 was 36(72.0%),44 eyes over 0.5(88.0%), and 6 eyes less than 0.4(12.0%). 3. The number of near vision J1 with corrected vision over 1.0 were 33 eyes(66.0%), greater than J2 were 36(72.0%), and in the case of vision of 0.9-0.8 J1 and J2 were 2 eyes(4.0%) and 3 eyes(6.0%), respectively; vision of 0.7-0.5 J2 was 1 eye(2.0%), J3 were 2 eyes(4.0%). In vision less than 0.4, J3 and less than J3 were 3 eyes(6.0%) in each cases. 4. Corrected near vision attained by additional diopter in 15 eyes that have a near vision of less than J2 are as follow: 7 eyes of J1(14.0%), 4 eyes of J2(8.0%) 2 eyes of J3(4.0%) and 2 eyes of less than J3(4.0%). Average additional diopter required to obtain J1 was +0.64D. 5. In the group that has corrected vision over 1.0, the number of eyes that had matched center of IOL and center of pupil was 17(34.0%), number of eyes that has a deviation of 0.5 mm was 6(12.0%), 8 eyes with a deviation of 1.0 mm(16.0%), 5 eyes with a deviation of 1.5 mm(10.0%); but, none have affected vision. 6. Change of vision according to the size of pupil was measured. In the case of corrected vision over 1.0, pupil size of 2.0-4.0 mm and dilated pupil size over 5.0 mm occurred in 36 eyes in each case, and a constricted pupil size less than 2.0 mm occurred 35 eyes with no vision change observed. 7. In the case of corrected vision over 1.0, additional use of lens from +1.0D to -3.0D has not affected vision when maintained at a level of over 0.8 but use of any lens out of this range has dramatically decreased vision. 8. After inserting vultifocal IOL, complaints of diplopia, glare, dizziness and seeing rings were observed in 10 eyes(20.0%); but, 5 months later symptoms had disappeared in all cases.
Diplopia ; Dizziness ; Emmetropia ; Eyeglasses ; Glare ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Male ; Miosis ; Pupil

Retrospective studies were performed in 338 cases among 633 cases under the age of 12 who visited the ophthalmologic department of Chonnam National University hospital from Jan. 1982 to Dec 1989. With this sample group, we have assessed information such as detected time of strabismus, type of deviation, sex distribution, refractory power, visual acuity test, angle of strabismus as well as operative result. After through study and analytical review of our data, we report these results of our study. 1. Sex distribution was 161 male(47.6%) and 177 female(52.4%), too redundant. Average age(year) at time of detection of esotropia, exotropia and hypertropia was 2.4, 3.8, 2.4 respectively. 2. Distribution according to type of strabismus was 103 cases(30.5%) of esotropia, 230 cases(68.0%) of exotropia, 5 cases(1.5%) of hypertropia. Again, too redundant. In esotropia, nonaccommodative esotropia included 65 cases(63.1%) and in exotropia, intermittent exotropia included 145 cases(63.0%). 3. Preoperative angle deviation of 25-40 delta in esotropia was observed in 58 cases(56.3%), but was observed 79.6% in 183 cases of exotropia. In those involving hypertropia 32 cases(60.0%) have had preoperative angle deviation below 20 delta, the largest number. 4. Type of refractory abnormality in esotropia was mostly hyperopic. Range of +2.0D - +4.0D was measured in 32 cases(32.3%) and showed variable distribution in exotropia, but the range of -1.0D - +1.0D in 119 cases(55.9%) was the greatest in number. 5. The number of patients who underwent surgery was 234(69.2%) and 104(30.8%) had no operation. Average age(year) at the time of the operation was 3.4 for esotropia, 5.4 for exotropia and 5.5 for hypertropia. Again, too redundant/obvious. 6. In esotropia medial rectus recession(65.3%) was performed, most frequently. In exotropia lateral rectus recession(86.2%) was performed, most often. As a result of primary operative repair of esotropia, normal position was achieved in 12 cases(24.5%). In 34 cases(69.4%), there was undercorrection, one hundred- five and overcorrection was observed in 3 cases(6.1%). 105 cases of exotropia attained normal position, 54 cases had undercorrection, and 22 cases had overcorrection. In vertical strabismus, 3(75%) attained normal position, and one(25%) undercorrection was observed. 7. Amblyopia occurred in 64 cases(18.9%), its distribution was 37 cases of esotropia, 26 cases of exotropia, and 1 case of hypertropia. After performing occlusion, at least a two-level vision test chart improvement was attained in 84.4% of cases.
Amblyopia ; Child* ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do ; Paraphilic Disorders ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Distribution ; Strabismus* ; Vision Tests ; Visual Acuity