OBJETIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome the GnRH antagonist (Cetrotide) short protocol in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation comparing with GnRH agonist long protocol. MATERIALS AND METHOD: From July 2000 to November 2001, 26 patients, 28 cycles were performed in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation by GnRH antagonist and GnRH agonist. GnRH antagonist (Cetrotide) was administered in 12 patients (14 cycles, Group 1) and GnRH agonist (Lucrin, Sub Q, Group 2) in 14 patients (14 cycles). Ovulation induction was performed by hMG (Pergonal) in group 1, and by Combo (Metrodine HP + Pergonal) in group 2. We compared the fertilization rate, good quality embryo, and clinical pregnancy rate between the two groups. Student-t test and Chi-square were used to determine statistical significance. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. RESULTS: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome did not occurred in which estradiol (E2) level was 3874+/-809 pg/ml and the number of retrieved oocytes was 18.4+/-2.4. The number of used gonadotropin ampules was significantly decreased in Group 1 (26.0 vs. 33.1, p<0.04). There were no significant difference in the number of preovulatory oocyte (10.6+/-6.9 vs. 10.0+/-6.1), fertilization rate (74.8+/-23.4 vs. 72.2+/-21.8), good quality embryo (58.7+/-23.6 vs. 38.7+/-36.6), and embryo transfer (4.3+/-1.6 vs. 4.4+/-1.6). Although the age of the group 1 was older than the group 2 (34.4 vs. 30.8), there was no significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate (50.0% vs. 57.1%). CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that GnRH antagonist was a safe, effective, and alternative method in the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, especially in PCOD patients who will be develop the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.
Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic Structures ; Estradiol ; Female ; Fertilization ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Oocytes ; Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome ; Ovulation Induction ; Pregnancy Rate

In orthopedic trauma surgery, treatment of intraarticular distal humerus fractures is a challenge. With development of implants and biomechanical studies, surgical strategies with recommendations including preoperative computed tomography images, proper approaches and open reduction and internal fixation with dual plates have emerged. In addition, as an effort to provide stable fixation to permit early elbow motion, different methods of internal fixation, particularly plate configuration, have evolved. Using dual plates, either oriented parallel to each other or orthogonal, stable fixation has been achieved and satisfactory clinical outcomes have been reported. With rationales and advantages/disadvantages of each plate configuration, both techniques are selected according to surgeons' preference, and, in specific cases, one could be preferred over another. The key to successful fixation by either technique is obtaining anatomical reduction with restoration of two stable columns of the distal humerus.
Elbow ; Fracture Fixation ; Humeral Fractures* ; Humerus ; Orthopedics

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

Osteoporosis, a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to enhanced bone fragility and fracture risk, is a major public health problem. The diagnostic methods for osteoporosis include simple radiography, bone scan, DXA (Dual energy X-ray Absortiometry) and biochemical markers of bone turnover. Optimal treatment and prevention of osteoporosis require modification of risk factors, particularly smoking cessation, adequate physical activity, and attention to diet, in addition to pharmacologic intervention. The estrogens and raloxifene both prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women, and the estrogens probably also decrease the risk of first fracture. There is good evidence that raloxifene prevents further fractures in postmenopausal women who already have had fractures and some evidence that estrogen does as well. Bisphosphonate prevents bone loss and reduces fractures in healthy and osteoporotic postmenopausal women and in osteoporotic men as well. Risedronate is more potent and has fewer side effects than alendronate and reduces the incidence of fractures in osteoporotic women. Calcitonin increases bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women and men with idiopathic osteoporosis, and also reduces the risk of new fractures in osteoporotic women. All of the agents discussed above prevent bone resorption, whereas teriparatide and strontium increase bone formation and are effective in the treatment of osteoporotic women and men. New avenues for targeting osteoporosis will emerge as our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of bone remodeling increases, although issues of tissue specificity may remain to be addressed.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Alendronate ; Biomarkers ; Bone and Bones ; Bone Density ; Bone Remodeling ; Bone Resorption ; Calcitonin ; Diet ; Estrogens ; Etidronic Acid ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Organ Specificity ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis ; Public Health ; Raloxifene Hydrochloride ; Risk Factors ; Smoking Cessation ; Strontium ; Teriparatide ; Risedronate Sodium

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Kidney* ; Plasmids*

This study was aimed (1) to evaluate osteoporotic vertehral fracture using normal morphometric dimensions in the Korean women (2) to test the relative importance of vertebral morphometry and fracture characteristics in predicting lumbar spine hone mineral density (3) to study clinical significance of the patients of 2 standard deviation to 3 standard deviation morphometric value. Normal morphometric data was ohtained from 60 heolthy women and 100 women with osteoporotic vertebral fracture defined by normal morphometry were evaluated. Fracture identification by 3SD cut off value was almost similar with that of qualitative method. Fracture identification by 2SD cut off value showed an increased number of fractures on the mid thoracic and thoracolumbar junction. Distrihution of the osteoporotic vertehral fracture showed double peaks on mid thoracic and thoracolumbar junction. Bone mineral density of third lumhar spine (LSBMD) in the multiple fracture group was significantly decreased from that of the single tracture group(p<0.05). LSBMD in the disperse fracture group was not different from that of the cluster fracture group(P>0.05). Comparing LSBMD of 3SD, 2SD-3SD fracture group and controls, the 3SD fracture group showed lowest value (P<0.01). But LSBMD of 2SD-3SD fracture group showed no difference with that of controls. Fracture threshold was 0.847gm/cm2 in 90th percentile. The correlation of LSBMD with the sum of normalized height of vertebral bodies, the sum of the deformity ratio of the vertebral body and spinal deformity index were all statistically insignificant.
Bone Density* ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Osteoporosis ; Spine

No abstract available.
Absorptiometry, Photon* ; Bone Density* ; Femur* ; Osteoporotic Fractures*

No abstract available.
Absorptiometry, Photon* ; Bone Density* ; Osteoporotic Fractures* ; Spine*

Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a kind of benigh inflammatory lesion involving synovial membrane, characterized by yellowish or yellow-grayish colored villous nodules of synovial membrane, formed by accumulation of cholesterol and hemosiderin with numerous cleftings of synovial membrane. The lesion was first described by Chassaignac (1852) as the nodular form arising in relation to the flexor tendon sheath of the middle and index fingers. After that Simon (1865) described it as a xanthoma of the synovia, and there after various names were given by many authors, according to the characteristics of the pathologic fetures. In 1941 Jaffe named this lesion pigmented villonodular synovitis, which is now generally accepted. Still the direct cause of this lesion is not clearly known, but chronic stimulation of synovia is generally accepted as an etiologic factor. In this paper we report four cases of pigmented villonodular synovitis, which were diagnosed and treated in our department. One of the four cases occurred at the proximal tibiofibula joint which is a very rare site.
Cholesterol ; Fingers ; Hemosiderin ; Joints ; Synovial Fluid ; Synovial Membrane ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular ; Tendons ; Xanthomatosis

Retroperitoneal fibrosis sometimes causes urological problem involving the ureter, but the mechanism is uncertain. An aortic aneurysm, including an iliac artery aneurysm, is thought to be one of the mechanisms of retroperitoneal fibrosis. However, cases caused by an isolated iliac artery aneurysm are very rare, and symptoms tend to be non-specific; therefore, no definitive treatment has been established. Herein, we report our recent experience of a patient with a left common iliac artery aneurysm involving the ureter, who underwent successful surgical therapy.
Aneurysm* ; Aortic Aneurysm ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Humans ; Iliac Artery* ; Retroperitoneal Fibrosis* ; Ureter*