PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare frequency and importance of nursing practice in novice nurses and student nurses. METHOD: A descriptive design was used with convenience sampling of 292 novice nurses in 2 hospitals with 500 beds and 214 student nurses from 4 universities. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: 1) The total score for frequency of nursing practice was 2.58+/-0.41 and for the importance of nursing practice was 3.03+/-0.36 in novice nurses and in student nurses the frequency score was 2.66+/-0.69 and the total score for importance was 3.24+/-0.35. 2) The total score for frequency was not different between novice and student nurses, but 9 of the top 10 categories in order of frequency were significantly different. 3) The score for importance between novice nurses and student nurses was significantly different with the student nurses having higher scores than the novice nurses. 4) Frequency scores were not different for students in universities compared to students in community colleges. CONCLUSION: Novice nurses perform skills associated with medication, but student nurses do not and therefore do not recognize the importance of these skills. Education in nursing needs to identify strategies to strengthen practice in this vulnerable area.
Humans

The purpose of this study was to analyse the current adult nursing curriculum content in diploma and baccaleurate level nursing schools. The Study was initiated by the Korean Academic Society of Adult Nursing and data were collected from these institutions from March 1997 to April 1998. The questionnaire was constructed after several meetings of researchers which included course description, objectives, conceptual framework, credits(theory and practicum), number of teaching staffs, content and hours for each content. The questionnaire was sent to all of the nursing schools(41 baccalaureate and 62 diploma) in the nation and the response rate were 53.7% in baccalaureate and 25.8% in diploma schools. Primary analysis was took place during summer workship of 1997 Korean Academic Society of Adult Nursing. The second analysis was carried out after additional data of detailed content and hours in adult nursing course were obtained from the schools. The result of primary analysis were as below : 1) The consensus in philosophy of adult nursing was drawn. The client of adult nursing was defined as individual over 18 years who has psychological, physical, social and spiritual aspects and interacting with environment. The client is a member of family and community. The students who finished the course should be able to adapt nursing process to their clients, and improve quality of life. The client, nursing process and nursing were common concepts which included in their conceptual framework. 2) Theory credits ranged 9-18(mean 14.1), practicum credits ranged 5-12(mean 8.1). The number of teaching staffs ranged from 2-6(mean 3.2). 3) The content which most hours assigned to were neuro/endocrine(mean 30.8 hours) gastrointestinal(mean 28.4 hours), cardiovascular(mean 28.6 hours) and respiratory(mean 22.7 hours) systems. 4) Areas taught by other profession(mostly physician) were eye, ear, nose, throat integumentary, radiation therapy, neuromuscular, rehabilitation, respiratory physiology, male genitourinary, pathology and anesthesiology. 5) Contents overlap with other course content should be rearranged in each school curriculums. Improvement of RN national board examination is prerequsite in order to improve adult nursing education in Korea. The result of second analysis were as below : 1) Credits required for graduation were 130-175 in baccalaureate, 93-134 in diploma. Thirteen to Twenty-eight percent of total credits required for nursing major were credits of adult nursing. 2) Mean hours of total adult nursing lecture were 217 in baccalareuate and 212 in diploma. 3) Disease process occupied more hours than nursing process in adult nursing theory. It is suggested to include all nursing educational institutions in order to complete the survey, to delineate the core contents of adult nursing and rate of hours between theory and practise by Korean Academic Society of Adult Nursing.
Adult* ; Anesthesiology ; Consensus ; Curriculum* ; Ear ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Nose ; Nursing Process ; Nursing Theory ; Nursing* ; Pathology ; Pharynx ; Philosophy ; Quality of Life ; Rehabilitation ; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena ; Schools, Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome* ; Hyperpigmentation*

The purpose of this study is to develop the standards of care in rehabilitation nurse specialist. This study was a descriptive survey. The data were collected 143 nurses who were worked in rehabilitation unit at 4 university hospital and 3 rehabilitation center in Korea from Aug. to Nov. 2000. The questionnaire was consisted of 78 items developed by the standards of care in rehabilitation nurse specialist in A.R.N. and the practice contents of care at rehabilitation unit in Korea. Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, S.D. ANOVA The results are as follows 1. For the adequency of the practice contents of rehabilitation nursing, area of skin care is the highest score, and safety, elimination, emotion, respiration, was ordered. 2. The adequency of the practice contents of rehabilitation nursing according to age, educational level. position. clinical experience, clinical experience in rehabilitation unit were significant difference.
Korea ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation Centers ; Rehabilitation Nursing ; Rehabilitation* ; Respiration ; Skin Care ; Specialization* ; Standard of Care*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Mucin-hypersecreting bile duct tumor is rare, and has an unusual histologic characteristic of having various degrees of cellular atypia ranging from dysplasia to invasive carcinoma in the same specimen. To gain insight into the role of p16, p14 and p53 in the carcinogenic process of bile duct tumor, we analyzed the expression status of these proteins in mucin-hypersecreting bile duct tumor. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining of p16, p14 and p53 were performed in 34 paraffin embedded tissues obtained from 22 patients of mucin-hypersecreting bile duct tumor. RESULTS: Thirty-four specimens were categorized into low-grade dysplasia (9), high-grade dysplasia (4), carcinoma in situ (CIS, 11) and invasive carcinoma (10) based on the degree of cytologic and structural atypia. p53 overexpressions were found in 6 (17.6%, 3 in CIS, 3 in invasive carcinoma) and more frequently observed in the advanced histologic stages (p<0.05). Loss of p16 staining was found only in 2 (6%) of low-grade dysplasia specimen. Loss of p14 staining was found in 21 (61.7%, 7 in low-grade dysplasia, 2 in high-grade dysplasia, 8 in CIS, and 4 in invasive carcinoma) and was frequently observed in low-grade and high-grade dysplasia compared to p53 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In mucin-hypersecreting bile duct tumor, p14 and p53 may play a role in the early and advanced stage of carcinogenesis, respectively. Further study regarding genetic and epigenetic alterations in p14 and p53 gene may be needed.
Adult ; Aged ; Bile Duct Neoplasms/*genetics/secretion ; Carcinoma/*genetics ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/*genetics/secretion ; English Abstract ; Female ; *Genes, p16 ; *Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucins/*secretion ; *Mutation ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF/*genetics

BACKGROUND: A retrospective study was performed to estimate the frequency of red cell antibodies in blood donors (n=1,620,023) and transfusion candidates (SNUH n=12,111, YUMH n=26,665) for last 2 years (2000~2001). The results of the antibody screening and identification tests, the frequency and specificities of antibodies identified compared with blood centers and two hospitals had been used the different test methods each others. METHOD: Blood centers had been used tube and micro-plate method simultaneously with an in house and commercial panels. SNUH had been used micro-plate method using V plate with an in house and commercial panels. YUMH had been used gel agglutination technique (DiaMed ID System : DiaMed, Murten; Switzerland) since 1998. RESULTS: The frequencies of red blood cell antibodies were 0.26% (4,204 / 1,620,023 donor sera ), 0.11% (135 / 12,111 patient sera in SNUH) and 0.48% (128 / 26,665 patient sera in YUMH). Female donors and old ages showed higher frequency of red cell antibodies than male and young ages. Most of antibodies detected in donors were clinically less relevant antibodies such as Anti-Lea and Leb (38.9%), anti-P1 (18.1%), anti-H(IH) (8.4%), anti-M (6.2%) and so on. Clinically significant antibodies including Rh system antibodies (2.0%) were few, and composed only 12% of all the antibodies detected. In patients, clinically relevant antibodies including Rh antibodies (40.4% in SNUH, 71.9% in YUMH) were more frequently observed comparing with in donors. CONCLUSION: Antibodies found in donors were mostly clinically less relevant. Antibody screening method used in blood centers would be standardized. Blood banks using gel technique showed high detection rate of clinically significant antibodies comparing with facilities using other methods.
Agglutination ; Antibodies* ; Antibody Specificity ; Blood Banks ; Blood Donors* ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Retrospective Studies ; Tissue Donors

To investigate how the beverage consumption of middle school students are different in some respects; favorite kinds, drinking time and so on. 579 middle school students in Jeonju were participated in this study. This study shows the frequency of drinking beverage and the correlation between the frequency and the various factors to have effects on the frequency. The students usually drink water 8.55 times, milk or yogurt 3.01 times, sport beverage 2.13 times, soft drink 1.93 times, and fruit and vegetable juice 1.85 times for one week. The boy students prefer more soft or sport drink to the girl students. However the drinking of other beverages such as water, milk, juice, traditional ones don't have any meaningful differences between the boys and the girls. The students drink water mostly when they have meals. And the second consuming beverage is milk at table. It explains the students who drink more milk than water with bread. There is a big difference according to their excercise frequency. The students who excercise regularly or excercise over 3 hours drink more soft or sport drink and milk or yogurt than the students who exercise less than 1 hour. The beverages are firstly needed during the exercise because they sweat. And the second beverage time is when they have snacks and when they take a break. It should be suggested that nutrition education targeted to middle school students and their parents should encourage limited consumption of soft drinks. Therefore, policies that limit students' access to soft drinks at schools should be promoted.
Beverages* ; Bread ; Carbonated Beverages ; Drinking ; Education ; Female ; Fruit ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Male ; Meals ; Milk ; Parents ; Snacks ; Sports ; Sweat ; Vegetables ; Water ; Yogurt

OBJECTIVES: Compared with all other patterns, isolated right colon ischemia has been found to be more associated with coronary artery disease and a poor prognosis. However, there has been no research on comparing isolated left side ischemic colitis (ILIC) and non-ILIC with vascular assessment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings between these two different forms of ischemic colitis (IC). METHODS: We retrospectively investigated differences in clinical features, course, and mesenteric vascular (superior mesenteric artery, SMA; inferior mesenteric artery, IMA) findings between ILIC and non-ILIC patients who were hospitalized at Kosin University Gospel Hospital from 2004 to 2010. RESULTS: Our study population comprised 221 patients, all of whom met our entry criteria of biopsy-proven or -compatible IC. Of the 221 patients, 46 (20.8%) had non-ILIC. Congestive heart failure and hypercholesterolemia were more frequently observed in the non-ILIC group (P = 0.003 and P = 0.020, respectively). SMA atherosclerosis and SMA stenosis were more frequently observed in the non-ILIC group (P = 0.006 and P = 0.001, respectively). Recovery periods were longer in the non-ILIC group (P = 0.039), and mortality was lower in the ILIC group (6.9% vs. 17.3%, P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: ILIC has favorable outcomes compared with non-ILIC. Furthermore, non-ILIC showed a close relationship with SMA atherosclerosis and SMA stenosis, which should be investigated carefully in the clinical field.
Atherosclerosis ; Colitis, Ischemic* ; Colon ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Ischemia ; Mesenteric Arteries ; Mesenteric Artery, Inferior ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

To evaluate the antioxidative effect of maengjong-juk (Phyllostachys pubescens) extract coated rice in vivo system, maengjong-juk extract coated rice diets were fed to C57BL/6 mice for 16 weeks. Plasma total antioxidative capacity, hepatic lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, activities of antioxidative enzymes and total glutathione content were measured. Plasma total antioxidative capacity was elevated significantly in maengjong-juk extract diets supplemented group in a dose dependant manner. Hepatic TBARS contents were significantly decreased in maengjong-juk extract diets supplemented group compared to high cholesterol group. Maengjong-juk extract coated rice diets suppressed the protein oxidation significantly in liver. Activities of hepatic antioxidative enzymes such as total SOD, Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, GSH-Px and catalase activities of maengjong-juk extract coated rice diets were significantly higher than those of high cholesterol diet. Total hepatic glutathione content was significantly increased by maengjong-juk extract coated rice diets administration. According to this study, numerous antioxidative materials and phytochemicals containing in maengjong- juk extracts appear to protect antioxidative systems in C57BL/6 mice fed bamboo extract coated rice diet.
Animals ; Catalase ; Cholesterol ; Diet* ; Diet, Atherogenic* ; Glutathione ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Liver ; Mice* ; Phytochemicals ; Plasma ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances

Complete trisomy 9 is a rare chromosomal aneuploidy in live born infants. The majority of cases of trisomy 9 end in spontaneous abortion in the first trimester. Clinical finding of co-mplete trisomy 9 demonstrate multiple organ abnormalities in the craniofacial, cardiovascular, skeletal, genitouronary systems. We report a fetus with Dandy Walker syndrome which was diagnosed prenatally and was subsequently found to have a complete trisomy 9.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Aneuploidy ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome* ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Infant ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Trisomy*