No abstract available.
Animals ; Erythrocytes* ; Hemagglutination* ; Humans* ; Mice*

Ketamine hydrochloride(ketamine) is a non-barbiturate anesthetic agent chemically designated as dl-2-(0-chlorophenyl)2-(methylamino)-cyclohexanone hydrochloride. Ketamine anesthesia has been found distinctively different from that induced by conventional anesthetic agents, as it provides profound analgesia without significant impairment of respiratory function or stimulation of cardiovascular activities thus avoiding hypotension and are preserved the protective pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes. In addition, ketamine appears to have muscle relaxation properties. This latter clinical finding, however has not been experimentally substantiated since few reports have appeared on the effect of ketamine on muscle relaxation. The present study therefore, was undertaken to determine whether this agent affects the muscle activity during d-tubocurarine block. The experiment was performed on sixteen rabbits weighing 1.8 to 2.5kg and these were divided into two groups; eight rabbits for control and eight for th study group. All animals were intubated through a tracheostomy under general anesthesia with nembutal 40mg/kg given intravenously. Respiration was controlled by means of a Harvard animal respirator. The body temperature was kept at 35 degrees C to 36 degrees C with a thermo-blanket. The common peroneal nerve and anterior tibial muscle was exposed and the nerve stimulator was applied to the nerve muscle preparation. The twhitch height of the muscle contraction was recorded on a biophysiograph through the force displacement transducer. The common peroneal nerve was stimulated supramaximally using a single twitch, square wave of 0.2 msec duration at a frequency of 0.1Hz once every 10 seconds. The degree of neuromuscular block following intravenous injection of d-tubocurarine 1mg/kg was measured in the control group. And in the study group ketamine 5mg/kg was administered intravenously when 25% of twitch height of muscle contraction was obtained spontaneously after the intravenous injection of d-tubocurarine 1mg/kg. The changes of the twitch height of muscle contraction and the time of spontaneous recovery in the study group were compared with those of the control group. The results were as follows: 1) The times and degree of maximal single twitch depression were obtained at 194.8sec and 87.3% in the control group and were at 197.5 sec and 87.8% in study group. No significant difference was observed. 2) Recovery index of the control group was 1,560.0 sec and recovery index of the study group was markedly prolonged to 2,387.5 sec(53.0% prolongation). 3) Mean decrease of single twitch height was 8.8% soon after the intravenous ketamine 5mg/kg when 25% of twitch height was obtained after the intravenous d-tubocurarine 1mg/kg in the study group.
Rabbits ; Animals

Intra- and extrahepatic bile duct can be invaded by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This is infrequent in HCC, but it can directly affect the clinical manifestation and prognosis. We present eight cases of HCCs with emphasis on the incidence and features of bile duct invassion on computed tomography (CT). Over a period of 22 months, abdominal CT was performed in 186 with HCC patients. Out of these, five cases of bile duct invasion by HCC were confirmed in our hospital and three in other hospitals. The eight cases were evaluated for the type, size and location. CT features of intraductal mass and ductal dilatation were evaluated. The incidence of bile duct invasion in HCC was 2.6%. Infiltrative type of HCC was seen in seven cases and six of these had mass 5-11 cm in size. The characteristic CT findings of bile duct invasion in HCC are mass in common hepatic duct with bulging contour(8/80, multiple intraductal masses in the intrahepatic ducts (5/8), and diffuse dilatation of intrahepatic ducts (7/8).
Bile Ducts* ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Bile* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Dilatation ; Hepatic Duct, Common ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prognosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

We report a case of focal dermal hypoplasia associated with ichthyosis in an 18-year-old Korean female. The patient showed a yellowish atrophic patch on the left side of her abdomen, abnormal skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy and ichthyosis since birth.We could also find skeletal and dental deformities. The biopsy specimen obtained from the yellowish atrophic patch showed marked attenuation of collagen fibers and ectopic fatty tissue nearly reaching up to the upper dermis.
Abdomen ; Adipose Tissue ; Adolescent ; Biopsy ; Collagen ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Dermis ; Female ; Focal Dermal Hypoplasia* ; Humans ; Ichthyosis* ; Skin Pigmentation

We report a case of focal dermal hypoplasia associated with ichthyosis in an 18-year-old Korean female. The patient showed a yellowish atrophic patch on the left side of her abdomen, abnormal skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy and ichthyosis since birth.We could also find skeletal and dental deformities. The biopsy specimen obtained from the yellowish atrophic patch showed marked attenuation of collagen fibers and ectopic fatty tissue nearly reaching up to the upper dermis.
Abdomen ; Adipose Tissue ; Adolescent ; Biopsy ; Collagen ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Dermis ; Female ; Focal Dermal Hypoplasia* ; Humans ; Ichthyosis* ; Skin Pigmentation

We report a case of zosteriform cutaneous metastasis from choangiocarcinomasin a 56-year-old male patient who has asymptomatic and painless erythematous papules and scaly patches over the anterior side of his right upper abdomen along the back, Tendernatome level. Histopathologic examina.tions of the cutaneous lesion reveaed a tumor cell showing glandular structure and multifocal tumor emboli within dilated lymphalics. and a few signetring cells in the dermis. We found that the retrograde studies revealed cholangiocarcinom. after confirmation of zosteriform cutaneous metastasis. He died eight months after the appearance of zosteriform cutaneous metastasis.
Abdomen ; Adenocarcinoma* ; Cholangiocarcinoma* ; Dermis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Forearm bone fracture is a common injury in childhood. But there are many difficult problem to solve in treatment of the forearm bone fractures which are not encountered in the treatment of fracture of the other long bone. Forearm bone fracture in children differ from those in adult in a number of ways. The rapidity of healing, fuctional recovery together with the frequency of delayed or nonunion consitute the main features. More interesting, a deformity resulting from malunion may correct as bone growth proceeds. From August, 1973 to July, 1983, we have reviewed 66 cases of forearm bone fractures under 14 year old and which were treated in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital. The results were as follows:1. 56 cases(84.8%) were male and most cases occured in school age. 2. 40 cases(60.7%) were both forearm bone fractures and most common site of the fracture was the distal 1/3. 3. The most common cause of the fractures was falling from height. Simple fracture was most common and greenstick fracture was next. Closed fractures were 61 cases (92.4%) and open fractures were 5 cases (7.6%) . 4. In roentgenologically, the younger the child was, the more rapid the duration of bone union was. Average duration of roentgenological union in conservative group was 8. 1 weeks, and that in operative group was 10. 1 weeks. So conservative group was more rapid in roentgenological bone union than operative group. 5. Accarding to the follow study of remodelling, the young the child and the nearer the fracture line was to the epiphyseal plate, the greater the potentialities for spontaneous correction were. 6. 62 cases (94.0%) showed excellent fuctionat result. According to 4 cases (6.0%) which showed good fuctional result, posterior angulation 17 degree, anterior angulation 15 degree and medial angulation 17 degree after reduction became more than 10 degree after remodelling.
Accidental Falls ; Adult ; Bone Development ; Child ; Clinical Study ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Forearm ; Fractures, Bone ; Fractures, Closed ; Fractures, Open ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Radius ; Ulna

No abstract available.
Dislocations* ; Knee*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

Ultrasonograms of proven liver abscesses in 44 patients were analysed. In ulltrasonography prior to otherdiagnostic approach, 38 patients(86.4%) were accurately diagnosed as liver abscess with correlation of clinicalsymptoms. The outline of abscess is smoothly defined. oval and round in 19 patients, irregularly and ill-definedin 25 patients. Only in 5 patients echogenic capsules are demonstrated. The internal echogenecity is variable;they are predominantly echo-free in 14, predominantly low-echo in 25 and predominantly echogenic, similar to solidtumor in 2 patients . 36 patients who were treated by medication only and combined needle aspiration had follow-up ultrasonography within 3 weeks since initial treatment. 33 patients were ultrasonically and clinically improved.Only one patients died of sepsis after needle aspiration and 2 patients were discharged without any sign ofimprovement.
Abscess ; Capsules ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Abscess ; Liver ; Needles ; Sepsis ; Ultrasonography