No abstract available.

PURPOSE: Health literacy has been attracting increasing attention because low health literacy is considered an important predictor of adverse health outcomes in many chronic conditions, including diabetes. However, it is unclear how health literacy is associated with health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to formulate a hypothetical structural equation model linking health literacy to self-efficacy, self-care activities, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: cross-sectional survey design was employed, and 459 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited from outpatient clinics in two university hospitals. The patients completed a pack of questionnaires. The hypothetical model was tested using structural equation modeling analysis. RESULTS: The values of multiple fit indices indicated that the proposed model provided a good fit to the data. Health literacy exerted not only a direct effect on self-care activities, but also an indirect effect on self-care activities via self-efficacy. However, health literacy exerted only an indirect effect on HRQOL. This structural model was invariant across hemoglobin-A1c-controlled and hemoglobin-A1c-uncontrolled groups. Based on R2 values, the final model accounted for 20.0% of the variance in selfefficacy, 61.0% of the variance in self-care activities, and 16.0% of the variance in HRQOL. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that self-care activities are crucial to the link between health literacy and HRQOL. Both health literacy and self-efficacy need to be considered in clinical practice for enhancing self-care activities in patients with type 2 diabetes. This approach may ultimately improve HRQOL in these patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*nursing/*psychology ; Female ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; *Health Literacy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Theoretical ; Quality of Life/*psychology ; Republic of Korea ; Self Care/*psychology ; *Self Efficacy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the effect of the experience of diabetes education on knowledge, self-care behavior and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Further, this study was held to examine about patient's preferred methods of education and re-education frequency. METHODS: 166 type 2 diabetes patients from two hospitals in Incheon participated in this study. Data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: 72.3% patients needed re-education and the average interval of re-education was 8.53 months. Patients preferred education methods were lectures, practical training, and studying from pamphlet. Depending on the frequency of diabetes education, there were significant differences in the level of diabetes knowledge (F=10.88, p<.001) and self-care behaviors (F=4.59, p=.012), but there was not significant difference with HbA1C (F=1.53, p=.220). As to how much the diabetes education helped managing diabetes, there was a significant difference in the level of self-care behaviors (t=2.01, p=.049), but there were not significant differences in level of knowledge (t=1.10, p=.275) and HbA1C (t=-.33, p=.746). The experience of diabetes education was a significant factor which influenced patient's knowledge (t=3.93, p<.001) and self-care behaviors (t=2.21, p<.001). But HbA1C was not influenced by the experience of diabetes education (t=-1.68, p=.096). CONCLUSION: It is necessary to provide diabetes education with appropriate interval and methods and subjects that reflect the needs of patient through the study results.
Education* ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated* ; Humans ; Incheon ; Lectures ; Pamphlets ; Self Care*

A 41-year-old woman was admitted because of dyspnea on exertion for one month. She was diagnosed to have systemic lupus erythematosus 4 years ago and has taken prednisolone and azathioprine. One month prior to admission she visited dental clinic for painful gingival swelling and gingival biopsy was performed. Physical examination showed multiple round elevated purpuric rashes in thoracic wall. Gingiva and skin biopsy showed Kaposi's sarcoma. Computed tomography of abdomen and chest revealed ill-defined nodules in both lung fields and multiple small para-aortic lymphadenopathies. Chemotherapy with paclitaxel was given for Kaposi's sarcoma. Prednisolone was tapered. After the 7th course of chemotherapy, the lesions show marked improvement in size and number.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Azathioprine ; Biopsy ; Dental Clinics ; Drug Therapy ; Dyspnea ; Exanthema ; Female ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Lung ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Paclitaxel ; Physical Examination ; Prednisolone ; Sarcoma, Kaposi* ; Skin ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile*

Porokeratosis is a group of genetic diseases characterized by clonal proliferation of keratinocytes. We report a 16-year-old female who presented with both linear porokeratosis and disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. The unusual coexistence of these two types of porokeratosis is an example of a type 2 segmental manifestation of an autosomal dominant skin disorder.
Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Porokeratosis* ; Skin

PURPOSE: Equations are frequently used to estimate resting energy expenditure (REE) in a clinical setting. However, few studies have examined their accuracy in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: To investigate agreement between indirect calorimetry and several REE estimating equations in 38 ESRD patients on peritoneal dialysis, we performed indirect calorimetry and compared the results with REEs estimated using 5 equations [Harris-Benedict (HBE), Mifflin, WHO, Schofield, and Cunningham]. RESULTS: Measured REE was 1393.2 +/- 238.7kcal/day. There were no significant differences between measured and estimated REEs except Mifflin (1264.9 +/- 224.8kcal/day). Root mean square errors were smallest for HBE, followed by Schofield, Cunningham, and WHO, and largest for Mifflin (171.3, 171.9, 174.6, 175.3, and 224.6, respectively). In Bland-Altman plot, correlation coefficients between mean values and differences were significant for HBE (r=0.412, p=0.012) and tended to be significant for Cunningham (r=0.283, p=0.086). In DM patients and patients with overhydration, HBE showed significant underestimation when REE increased. CONCLUSION: In ESRD patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), REE-estimating equations have no significant differences from indirect calorimetry, except Mifflin. However, HBE showed greater bias than others when REE was high.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Calorimetry, Indirect/*methods ; *Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism/*therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Biological ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory/*methods

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 and 12 in a Korean population. METHODS: The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales were translated into Korean using a translation and backtranslation technique, and the content validity was assessed by an expert panel. Participants were recruited from six community health centers (n = 431) and two community mental health centers (n = 50). A field test of the psychometric properties of the instruments was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis with bootstrap maximum likelihood estimation involving 1,000 samples, Pearson's analysis, t test, and Cronbach's α coefficient. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 and 12 supported both three-factor and second-order three-factor models. The Scales 21 and 12 satisfied convergent validity with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Perceived Stress Scale-10 and discriminant validity with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The scores for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 and 12 were higher for the psychiatric group than for the nonpsychiatric group, confirming the presence of known-groups validity. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 and 12 exhibited moderate-to-strong correlations with the Negative Affect. Cronbach's a coefficients for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 and 12 were .93 and .90, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 and 12 appear to be acceptable, reliable, and valid instruments. However, the shorter Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 12 may be more feasible to use in a busy practice and also be less burdensome to respondents.
Anxiety ; Community Health Centers ; Community Mental Health Centers ; Depression ; Humans ; Psychometrics ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Weights and Measures

Arteriovenous malformations are degenerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract that occur with a frequency that increases with increasing age. Although the bleeding caused by arteriovenous malformations is typically chronic, slow, intermittent and recurrent, 15% of patients with arteriovenous malformations present with massive bleeding. Any part of the gastrointestinal tract can be involved and arteriovenous malformations usually appear on endoscopy as either flat or elevated discrete bright red mucosal lesions. There are a few cases of colonic arteriovenous venous malformations with a polypoid appearance with some of their endoscopic treatments resulting in profuse bleeding from the remnant stalk. We encountered a case of a polypoid arteriovenous malformation in the colon of a 69-year-old patient with active gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient was treated successfully by an endoscopic polypectomy with a detachable snare.
Aged ; Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Colon ; Endoscopy ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; SNARE Proteins*

A NK/T cell lymphoma is highly aggressive lymphoma of a putative NK-cell origin with a predominant extranodal presentation and a rapidly fatal course. CD56 has been reported to be the most reliable marker for a NK/T cell lymphoma. A NK/T cell lymphoma is strongly associated with the Epstein-Barr virus. We report a case of an aggressive NK/T cell lymphoma presenting as a gastric ulcer. A 52-year-old female patient presented with hematochezia and fever. The endoscopic finding showed a gastric ulcer with a recent bleeding stigma. Histologically, the gastric biopsy showed a diffuse infiltration of small or medium sized lymphoma cells with an angiocentric growth pattern and necrosis. The lymphoma cells were CD56+, CD3+, CD20-, which are consistent with a NK/T cell lymphoma. Unfortunately, the patient was discharged without treatment. We report this case with a review of the relevant literature.
Biopsy ; Female ; Fever ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhage ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans ; Lymphoma* ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Stomach ; Stomach Ulcer