No abstract available.
Bipolar Disorder*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Human Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of T-tube cholangiography(TTC), selective cholangiography (SC) and noncontrast CT(NCT) in the evaluation of intrahepatic stone disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the radiological findings of these methods in thirty patients with intrahepatic stones proved by percutaneous removal. Findings of each procedure were reviewed and correlated with findings of stone removal procedure. RESULTS: Detection of stones was possible in 87. 0% for TTC, 90. 0% for SC, 96. 7% for NCT(p > 0.05). Selective cholangiography was as good as or superior to 1-I'C in determining the presence and extent of the stones in all patients(p < 0. 01). NCT was better than SC in 9;as good as SC in 18;inferior to SC in 3 patients in determining the extent and location of the stones(p > 0.05). Of 12 patients who had additional findings such as biliary cirrhosis or accompanied cholangiocarcinomas, only NCT could detect the lesions in 11 patients. CONCLUSION: Although there was no statistically significant difference between NCT and SC, one procedure sometimes gave valuable informations for interventional procedure which the other could not. Thus we conclude that both procedures are complementary studies and should be done in all patients who are subjected to biliary intervention.
Cholangiocarcinoma ; Cholangiography* ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to find helpful MR findings for predicting a naplastic oligodendrogl lomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 46 MR images and 37 CT scans was performed for 46 patients with pathologically-proven cerebral oligodendrogliomas. A neuropathologist graded the tumors as one of low-grade (n=16), intermediate-grade (n=l2), or anaplastic oligodendroglioma (n=18). MR imaging features were retrospectively analysed with respect to histologic grading of the tumors. RESULTS: Contrast enhancement was observed always in anaplastic group (17 /17), in a portion of intermediate-grade group (4/10) but not in low-grade group (0/14). Peritumoral edema was observed infrequently in anaplastic group (4/18) or intermediate-grade group (1/12). Cystic changes (25/46) or calcifications on CT Scans (14/37) were not related with histologic grading. Grossly identifiable hemorrhage was rare in this series (2/46). Among the various imaging features, only tumor enhancement and peritumoral edema were statistically significant for trend test (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: When considering the diagnosis of oligodendrogliomas, the presence of contrast enhancement or peritumoral edema is a helpful features suggesting anaplastic oligodendrogliomas.
Diagnosis ; Edema ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Loma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Oligodendroglioma* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma appears to be a distinct and rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma with characteristic gross and microscopic features. Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma should be separated from multilocular cyst, multilocular cystic nephroma, and renal cell carcinoma with cystic degeneration. We present a case of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma. A 61-year-old man presented with right flank pain for 4 years. The computerized tomography revealed multilocular cystic mass in the upper pole of right kidney. The cystic mass measured 4.5x4 cm. The cyst was multilocular and locules not communicated with each other. The solid area was not present. Microscopically, the locules were lined by flat or cuboidal neoplastic clear cells. The clear cells were focally aggregated in the septa. The nephron was not present in the septa.
Male ; Humans ; Cysts

PURPOSE: To describe MR findings of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 11 MR images of six patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. The MR images were retrospectively analyzed in terms of location and signal intensity of the thrombi, parenchymal lesions such as hemorrhage and edema, and changes in follow-up study obtained in 4 patients. RESULTS: The thrombus in venous sinus was visualized on MRI in all six patients. The most frequently involved sites were superior sagittal sinus(n=4) and left transvere sinus(n=4). Signal intensity of the thrombus was isointense or hyperintense on both T1 - and T2-weighted images with loss of normal signal void of the sinus on all sequences in all patients. Parenchymal lesion was present in five of six cases, manifested as local hemorrhage in three and edema in three cases(one case overlapped). Local edema seen in three patients was completely resolved on follow-up study of seven to 29 days intervals. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that iso- or high signal intensity with loss of signal void in venous sinus is virtually diagnostic of venous sinus thromosis. If there are local parenchymal lesions such as hemorrhage and/or edema of unknown causes, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis should be included in differential diagnosis.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Edema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial* ; Thrombosis

CT scans of 21 patients(intrathoracic goiter=7. Castleman disease=6, pulmonary carcinoid tumor=3, parathyroid adenoma=1, thyroid carcinoma=1, paraganglioma=1, benign pleural mesothelioma=1, sclerosing hemangioma=1) with mediastinal tumors that are known to be enhanced with intravenous injection of contrast media, were studied retrospectively to investigate the enhancing capabilities f those tumors and to describe their CT findings. The degree of enhancement was estimated by visual inspection with a grading system. All but one case of cystic parathyroid adenoma showed enhancement on post-contrast scan. The degree of enhancement was not helpful in differentiating these tumors. Characteristic location and pattern of tumor extension were found in cases of intrathoracic goiter, parathyroid adenoma, thyroid carcinoma and paraganglioma. Calcifications were found in intrathoracic goiter(5/7). Castleman disease(2/6). Pulmonary carcinoid(1/3), thyroid carcinoma. Necrotic low-attenuation areas were in intrathoracic goiter(7/7), parathyroid adenoma, thyroid carcinoma and paraganglioma. In conclusion, mediastinal tumors that are known to be enhanced in the literature were enhanced with rare exception, and if we consider the predilection site of those tumors, the scope of differential diagnosis can reasonably be narrowed.
Carcinoid Tumor ; Contrast Media ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Goiter, Substernal ; Injections, Intravenous ; Paraganglioma ; Parathyroid Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Aspiratian of gastric contents during anesthesia is the most common cause of maternal anesthetic death. Particularly, the parturient is predisposed to the catastrophe of aspiration for many reasons. So, the effect of cimetidine premedication on gastric pH and volume were studied. 120 ASA Class I patients scheduled for elective obstetric and gynecologic surgery were randomly divided into six groups as follows: Class A(n=80) is pregnant women scheduled for elective cesarean section. In the class A, group 1(n=20)(control group) was received no cimetidine premedication, group 2(n=20) was received cimetidine 300 mg p.o. hs. group 3(n=20) was received cimetidine 300 mg p.o. 2hrs before anesthesia, and group 4(n=20) was received cimetidine 200 mg iv 2hrs before anesthesia. Class B (n=40) is 20-40 aged non-pregnant women scheduled for elective surgery. ln the class B, group 5(n=20)(control group) was received no cimetidine premedication and group 6(n=20) was received cimetidine 200 mg iv 2hrs before anesthesia. Immediately following induction of anesthesia, the gastric fluid was obtained by suction on a nasogastric tube and its volume and pH were measured. The results were as follows: 1) When cimetidine is not premedicated, number of patient with a gastric pH less than 2,5 and gastric volume greater than 25 ml was increased in the group 1 compared with group 5. 2) In the class A, there was significant increased gastric pH and decreased gastric volume in the group 2, 3, and 4 compared with group l. 3) In the class B, there was significant increased gastric pH and decreased gastric volume in the group 6 compared with group 5. In conclusion, it would seem that the risk of aspiration pneumonitis can be increased in the pregnant women compared with nonpregnant women. The authors recommend that the incidence of severe aspiration pneumonia can be decreased by cimetidine premedication before general anesthesia even though there is any gastric aspiration.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Cesarean Section* ; Cimetidine* ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration* ; Incidence ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Premedication ; Suction

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Prostate* ; Prostatectomy* ; Prostatic Neoplasms*