Background: If phototoxic:ity can be predetermined in vitro, the information will aid in prognosticating whether or not caimpounds have a photosensitizing pczrlial. OBJECTIVE: For the evaluation of the phototoxic potentials of reral drugs, we performed the Candida albicans test and the photohemolysis test. METHODS: The Candida altiicans test is based on growth inhibtion of Candida albicans after application of the drug and ultraviolet light A( UVA ) irradiatior and the photohemolysis test is based on hemolysis of red blood cells caused by irradiation ir the presence of photosensitizing compounds. In the Candida albicans test, clear zones around the drug patches were evaluated, which means positive results for the phototoxic potential of the drugs. In the photohemolysis test, the amounts of hemolysis were evaluated by measuring the relar absorbance at 540nm using a spectrophotometer. RESULTS: In the Candida albicans test, ibuprofen, naldix acid, chlorpromazine and thiodiphenylamine showed positive results, whereas others did not the photohemolysis test, griseofulvin, ibuprofen and nalicdixic acid showed increased amounts hemolysis at UVA and ultraviolet light B(UVB) irracliation, and chlorpromazine, thiodiphenylaiair, chlorothiazide and piroxicam showed increased amounts of hemolysis at UVA irradiation only. CONCLUSION: The results showed that both methods were goodness screening tests for demonstrating the phototoxicity of therapeutic drugs.
Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Chlorothiazide ; Chlorpromazine ; Dermatitis, Phototoxic* ; Erythrocytes ; Griseofulvin ; Hemolysis ; Ibuprofen ; Mass Screening ; Piroxicam ; Ultraviolet Rays

The rim sign in renovascular compromise may be defined as a thin nephrographic rim outlinning a kidney with another wise faint nephrogram. Renal infarction with gelform and blood clots was induced experimentally in 5 dogsand high dose IVP and CT were performed to evaluate renal cortical rim sign after renal infarction. One expireddue to anesthetic technical failure, and one was embolized partially. So we could be obtain the result on 3 dogs.The reults were as follows; 1. The high dose IVP films show cortical rim sign on 24 hrs and 72 hrs films in twodogs. The CT films show rim sign in 3 dogs. 2. The rim sign may be visualized, if the renal artery is occuludedenough to drop perfusion presssure below the authoregulatory range. 3. The high dose IVP and early nephrogramphase are necessary for the rim sign.
Animals ; Dogs ; Infarction ; Kidney ; Perfusion ; Renal Artery

This study was done for the evaluation of correlation among skin test reactivity, total serum IgE and RAST level in 202 atopic disease patients, who weie composed of 165 patients with allergic rhinitis, 22 patients with bronchial asthma, 11 patients with urticaria and 4 patients with atopic dermetitis. The results were as follows: 1. The sex ratio of male to female of 202 pat,ients with atopic disease was 1.3:1(114:88) and patients with age grciup of 2nd and 3rd decades occupied 64.9%. 2. The positive reactivity of the skin scratch test in general was 62.9%. The positive ratio was highest in 2nd and 3rd decades, 76.5% and 63.8% respectirely. The positive ratio was decreased as the age of patients increased. 3. The individual allergens which showed higher positive reaction in skin scratch test were D. farinae, house dust, cat hair, cockroach and Trichophyton ii descending order. In group allergens, the house dust groups consisted 45.5% of positiv. reaction of total number of the positive allergens. The positive ratio of aeroallergen was 84.5% whereas that of foods was only 11.5%. 4. The positive ratio of house dust group was 45.0% of total patients. 5. 41.1% of patients showed positive reactivity to two or more allegens while 21.8% was positive to single allergen. The most frequent combinations were 2 to 4 allergens(95.2%). 6. The mean of total serum IgE level in 63 patients who were poitiie skin scratch test was 470.5 IU/ml. 81.0% of these patients showed high serum IgE level. 7. As the positive reactivity of skin scratch test was increased, the mean level of total serum IgE was elevated(r=0.919). 8. A highly significant correlation was existed between the mear size of D. farinae scratch test reactions and the level of specific IgE to D. farinae(r=0.977).
Allergens ; Animals ; Asthma ; Cats ; Cockroaches ; Dust ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E* ; Male ; Rhinitis ; Sex Ratio ; Skin Tests ; Skin* ; Trichophyton ; Urticaria

Malignant histiocytosis is a rare, usually fatal malignant neoplasm of reticuloendothelial systems. The disease is associated with fever, malaise, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, pancytopenia, jaundice, and purpura. A 44-year-old female patient is described who had multiple, purple crusted nodules and plaques in the skin. In the laboratory study, pancytopenia was noted on the peripheral blood. In addition many atypical histiocytes were seen on the bone marrow aspiration. A lesional biopsy showed nodular infiltrations of atypical histiocytes in the dermis and some erythrophagocytosis was seen. Immunohistochemically, the histiocytes were weakly stained for lysozyme and α-l-antichymotrypsin, but were unstained for S-100 protein, cytokeratin, CEA(carcinoembryonic antigen), pan T/B marker CD30(ki-1), UCHL-1 LCA(leukocyte common antigen), and α-l-antitrypsin.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Dermis ; Female ; Fever ; Histiocytes ; Histiocytic Sarcoma* ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Keratins ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Mononuclear Phagocyte System ; Muramidase ; Pancytopenia ; Purpura ; S100 Proteins ; Skin ; Weight Loss

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of substitution of the zonography for the full-mouth periapical radiography in aspect of radiation protection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rando phantom and LiF TLD chips were used for dosimetry. The absorbed doses at brain, skin above the TMJ, parotid gland, bone marrow in the mandibular body, and thyroid gland during the full-mouth periapical radiography, panoramic radiography, and zonography were measured. RESULTS: From the zonography, the absorbed doses to the brain, the skin over the TMJ, and the parotid gland were relatively high, but the absorbed doses to the bone marrow in the mandibular body and, especially, the thyroid gland were very low. CONCLUSION: The zonography can be an alternative to the full-mouth periapical radiography in aspect of radiation protection.
Bone Marrow ; Brain ; Parotid Gland ; Radiation Protection ; Radiography* ; Radiography, Panoramic* ; Skin ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Thyroid Gland ; Tomography, X-Ray*

BACKGROUND: It has been documented that certain prognostic factors may affect the outcomes of the old aged victims by trauma. Considering that trauma is the sixth most common cause of death in people over the age of 65 years and there is a rapid growth of elderly population, it is paramount to understand the prognostic factors when dealing with geriatric trauma patients. Hypothesis and Goals : It can be hypothesized that the prognostic factors should be determined independently between populations being consisted of different races, countries, socio-economic states, cultures, or so on. Thus, study was designed to evaluate the factors affecting the outcomes of elderly Korean trauma patients. METHODS: One hundred forty six patients aged over 65 years were retrospectively reviewed, who visited the Emergency Canter of Korea University from January, 1997 to June, 1998. Of 146 patients, 7 were excluded due to discharge against advice or transfer to the other hospitals. Parameters analysed were age, sex, mechanism of injuries, body region injured, Injury Severity Score (ISS), previous medical illness, hospital morbidity, duration of hospital stay, and cost. Each patient was classified into improved or not-improved groups depending on the outcomes, and young-old or old-old group depending on the age. The factors affecting the hospital stay in improved patients were analyzed in the parameters of previous medical illness, hospital morbidity, multiple injuries, ISS, and age. All statistical tests were conducted with two-tailed levels of 0.05. RESULTS: Of 139 patients, the mean age was 74+/-7.1 years, mean ISS 9.3+/-7.26, mean hospital stay 27+/-27.1 days. Most commonly injured body region was the extremities due to fall from a level surface. Rate of previous illness showed 0.94 medical diseases per person and were aggravated after trauma in 39 patients (60.9%). Hospital morbidity rate was 0.46 incidents per person. There were no differences in age and duration of hospital stay between the improved and the not-improved group. Substantial differences were noted in affected body region, incidence of previous illness, and hospital morbidity between the groups (p=NS). Not-improved group had higher ISS (p<0.05). ISS, previous illness and hospital morbidity affected the duration of hospital stay in the improved group. Hospital stay was 40+/-25.1 days in patients with ISS over 6 while 6+/-8.6 days in those with ISS 5 (p<0.05). Hospital stay in the improved was 26+/-26.9 days while 31+/- 24.8 days in the improved old-old group (P=NS). Hospital stay in the young-old minor trauma (ISS5) patients with previous illness and hospital morbidity was 26+/-10.1 days while 4+/-7.3 days in those without previous illness and hospital morbidity (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Previous medical illness and hospital morbidity, not age, are predictive of outcomes of geriatric trauma patients with respect to hospital stay. As most of the hospital morbidity was a trauma-induced aggravation of previous medical illness and hospital morbidity contributing poor outcomes can be potentially avoidable, routine aggressive care far the geriatric trauma patients with previous medical illnesses is needed.
Aged ; Body Regions ; Cause of Death ; Continental Population Groups ; Emergencies ; Extremities ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injury Severity Score ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Multiple Trauma ; Retrospective Studies

A total 400 patients underwent 676 treatments with E.D.A.P.-LTOI extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for urinary tract stones between February 25 and August 18, 1987. The results were obtained as follows; 1. sex ratio was about 3: 1, 292(73.0 %) in male and 108(27.0 %) in female patients. The average patient age was 43.9 years, with a range of 2 to 85 years. The fifth decade(30.5 %) was most followed by the forth decade (26.0 %) and sixth decade (20.7 %). 2. Treated stone locations were kidney in 286 (71.5 %);calyx in 187 (46.8%) and renal pelvis in 98 (24.5 %) and ureter in 144 (28.5 %); upper ureter in 71 (17.8%) and lower ureter 43(10.7 %). There were multiple renal stone in 83 (20.7 %), bilateral renal stone in 22(5.5 %), bilateral renal stone in 22 (5.5 %), bilateral ureteral stone in 3 (0.7 %) and unilateral renal and ureteral stones in 23 (5.8 %). The average stone size was 1.6 cm, with a range of 0.6 to 4.8 cm. 3. The average numbers of treatment were 1.4 sessions and the average treatment time was 13.7 minutes, with a range of 12 to 78 minutes. Of the patients, 81 (20.2 %) were complained severe pain but treatment interruption or anesthesia were not required. 4. The success rate of treatment-ended patients were 97.8 % in 0.6~1.0cm(137 cases), 89.2% in 1.0~2.0 cm (93 cases) and 89.2 % in 2.0~3.0 cm (37 cases). Therefore, the total average success rate was 93.6 %. 5. The method of pre-ESWL additional manipulation was used a ureteral stone `push up` in 12 (3.0 %). The post-ESWL additional measures were made in 10 (2.5%); ureteral manipulation in 8 cases and lithotomy in 2 cases. The causes of failed ESWL (21 cases) were stone components in 8, impacted stone in 8, incomplete stone localization in 4 and infundibular stricture in 1. 6. ESWL-complications were required admission and medical management in 18(4.5 %); colic in 12 (3.0 %), acute urinary retention in 2 (0.5 %) and subscapular hematoma in 1(0.3% ), Therefore, we confirmed that E.D.A.P.-LTOI ESWL is a safe and effective method for the treatment of urinary tract stones.
Anesthesia ; Colic ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Pelvis ; Lithotripsy ; Male ; Sex Ratio ; Shock* ; Ureter ; Urinary Calculi ; Urinary Retention

Sixteen patients with prostatodynia underwent clinical studies including urodynamic study, MMPI, and endoscopy. As a control group, another 19 patients with nonbacterial prostatitis and 16 normal man of 20-40 years of age also underwent urodynamic study. The most characteristic urodynamic findings in patients with prostatodynia was a significant increase in maximum urethral closing pressure as compared to control group (mean, 140.9 : 92.1 : 84.1 cmH20). In prostatodynia group, peak urinary flow rate was also significantly decreased as compared to the control group (mean, 12.0: 17.8 : 23.9cc / sec). 11 of 16 patients with prostatodynia was found to have functional outlet obstruction, probably at sympathetically innervated urethral sphincter. And they were treated with minipress and diazepam, of whom 7 showed significant improvement both symptomatically and urodynamically. On MMPI 7patients with prostatodynia showed significant underlying psychiatric disorders, and were treated by psychiatric treatment, of whom 4 showed significant clinical improvement. 2 patients with prostatodynia showed vermontanal pseudopolyp suggestive of prostatitis, were treated with long term TMF-SMX administration, and showed significant improvement. It is suggested that prostatodynia may develop from urethral sphincter overactivity and underlying psychiatric disorders, and that at least some cases with prostatodynia are in fact prostatitis. Uroflowmetry, urethral pressure profile, MMPI study and repeated EPS study may be of help in deciding the treatment plan of prostatodynia.
Diazepam ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; MMPI ; Prazosin ; Prostatitis ; Urethra ; Urodynamics*

We analyzed 177 diabetic patients(80 males, 97 females) with the nerve con duction study (NCS) performed twice or more at the interval of more than one year in Severance Hospital from Jan 1, 1984 through Dec 31, 1994. We conclude as follows: 1)The NCS follow-ups showed that diabetic polyneuropathy was getting worsened electrophysiologically as time goes by. 2)The NCS revealed that the earlier change was noticed on the distal portion of sensory nerve fiber, though diabetes was known to cause a damage to both sensory and motor nerve fibes. 3)Considering that the NCS follow-ups revealed earlier and more marked changes in amplitude than in nerve conduction velocity, axonal degeneration seems to be more responsible for the pathogenesis of diabetic polyneuropathy rather than segmental demyelination.
Axons ; Demyelinating Diseases ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Fibers ; Neural Conduction*

Histopathological diagnosis of brain stem glioma should be performed for the purpose of the determination of its management and clinical course, but its surgical biopsy has been followed by high mortality and morbidity. We performed the tissue sampling for histological examination with BRW stereotaxic system under local anesthesia successfully.
Anesthesia, Local ; Biopsy* ; Brain Stem* ; Brain* ; Diagnosis ; Glioma* ; Mortality