No abstract available.
Muir-Torre Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Brain Stem* ; Classification* ; Hemorrhage*

No abstract available.
Prune Belly Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Prune Belly Syndrome*

We present a patient with spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula presented with subdural hematoma and progressive myelopathy. Transarterial embolization using NBCA results in complete obliteration of fistula without complication. The pathophysiology, angioarchitexture of the lesion and strategy for its cure would be discussed.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Fistula ; Hematoma, Subdural* ; Humans ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Spine

The devices and methods of endovascular recanalization therapy (ERT) have been rapidly developed and changed since PROACT II trial. Emerging as a treatment option in addition to intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy is currently being further developed and investigated as a potential first-line and stand-alone treatment. This review highlights and summarizes the recent clinical series and trials of the available devices and methods of ERT focusing on the multimodal approach.
Brain ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Endovascular Procedures ; Mechanical Thrombolysis ; Stroke ; Thrombectomy ; Thrombolytic Therapy

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of endovascular therapy as a primary treatment for spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF). METHODS: The authors reviewed 18 patients with spinal DAVFs for whom endovascular therapy was considered as an initial treatment at a single institute between 1993 and 2006. NBCA embolization was considered the primary treatment of choice, with surgery reserved for patients in whom endovascular treatment failed. RESULTS: Surgery was performed as the primary treatment in one patient because the anterior spinal artery originated from the same arterial pedicle as the artery feeding the fistula. Embolization was used as the primary treatment modality in 17 patients, with an initial success rate of 82.4%. Two patients with incomplete embolization had to undergo surgery. One patient underwent multiple embolizations, which failed to completely occlude the fistula but relieved the patient's symptoms. Spinal DAVF recurred in two patients (one collateral development and one recanalization) during the follow-up period. The collateral development was obliterated by repeated embolization, but the patient with recanalization refused further treatment. The overall clinical status improved in 15 patients (83.3%) during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Endovascular therapy can be successfully used as a primary treatment for the majority of patients with spinal DAVFs. Although it is difficult to perform in some patients, endovascular embolization should be the primary treatment of choice for spinal DAVF.
Arteries ; Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Spine

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Ligamentum Flavum*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the distribution of normal intracranial artery diameter according to sex and age, using three-dimensional reconstruction rotational angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty-five adults with normal intracranial arteries who underwent 3D rotational angiography (n=177) were included in this study. The arterial diameter was measured at four sites of the internal carotid artery (cavernous, paraophthalmic, supraclinoid, and distal), that of the middle cerebral artery at two (proximal and distal), and that of the anterior cerebral artery at one (middle). For each sex and age group (<30, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, > or = 60 years), the mean diameter of the artery at these seven sites was calculated, and differences analysed. In addition, the middle cerebral artery diameter was compared between a younger group (<50 years) and an older group (> or = 50 years). RESULTS: The mean diameter at each site for each sex was as follows: male (mean+/-SD): 4.61+/-0.69, 3.96+/- 0.60, 3.48+/-0.45, 3.61+/-0.50, 2.44+/-0.32, 2.44+/-0.37, 1.81+/-0.32; female: 4.29+/-0.57, 3.83+/-0.56, 3.37+/-0.56, 3.52+/-0.48, 2.32+/-0.37, 2.30+/-0.36, 1.76+/-0.34. For those in their 40s, the diameter at five sites (all four sites of the internal cerebral artery and a distal middle cerebral artery) was significantly greater in males than in females. For other age groups, however, the difference between the sexes was absent, or was significant at only one (cavernous internal cerebral artery for those in their 30s) or two (proximal and distal middle cerebral artery for those in their 50s) of the seven sites. In the older age group, the diameter of the proximal middle cerbral artery was 2.59+/-0.35 mm in males and 2.38+/-0.37 mm in females. For the distal middle cerebral artery, the corresponding figures were 2.63+/-0.43 and 2.39+/-0.35 mm, respectively. For both sexes, the differences between the two age groups were significant. CONCLUSION: For those in their 40s, the normal diameter of the intracranial artery at most arterial sites was significantly greater in males than in females. The normal diameter of the middle cerebral artery was significantly greater or tended to be greater among the older group than the younger group (for males and females, respectively, 2.59+/-0.35 mm and 2.38+/-0.37 mm at the proxinal site, and 2.63+/-0.43 mm and 2.39+/-0.35 mm at the distal site).
Adult ; Angiography ; Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Arteries* ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebral Arteries ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Cerebral Artery

Simultaneous occurrence of remote intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and intracranial aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is very rare. We report on a case of concurrent hypertensive ICH at the left thalamus and rupture of an intracranial aneurysm at the bifurcation of the single A2 segment of the anterior cerebral artery in a 64-year-old woman, which was clipped previously, with review of the literature. To our knowledge, this is the first case report demonstrating bleeding of previously clipped aneurysm with simultaneous hypertensive ICH. Hypertensive crisis following ICH seems to have provoked rupture of the residual aneurysm.
Aneurysm ; Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Hypertensive ; Middle Aged ; Rupture ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Thalamus