The present study was designed in order to investigate the lectin induced cytoagglutination properties of normal and transformed cells and surface alterations in the early stage of the transformed cells by characterizing the structural changes on the hepatoma surface membrane. Rat and rabbit erythrocytes and Sarcoma 180 ascites tumor cells were used for the lectin-induced cytoagglutination. Plotting % agglutination versus concanavalin A(Con A) concentration, sigmoid curves appeared in all cases. alpha-methyl-D-mannopyranoside(alphaMM) inhibited Con A induced cytoagglutination and the degrees of inhibition depended on the cell types and species. When rats were fed a diet containing 0.06% 3'-methyl-4dimethylaminoazobenzene(3'-Me DAB) for 12 weeks, almost all of the rats had solid liver tumors. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of surface membrane proteins of these rat livers and of transplanted tumor cells showed three distinct protein bands, of which two were absent in normal rat livers. The molecular weights of these proteins were 73,000, 66,000, and 57,000 daltons. Antiserum against primary hepatocarcinoma surface proteins precipitated with three membrane proteins obtained from primary hepatocarcinoma cells as well as transplanted hepatocarcinoma cells, suggesting the presence of specific tumor antigens in these cells.
Animal ; Cell Membrane/pathology* ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/ultrastructure* ; Concanavalin A/diagnostic use ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/ultrastructure* ; Methyldimethylaminoazobenzene ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Surface Properties

With proper guidance, virtual reality (VR) can provide psychiatric therapeutic strategies within a simulated environment. The visuo-haptic-based multimodal feedback VR solution has been developed to improve anxiety symptoms through immersive experience and feedback. A proof-of-concept study was performed to investigate this VR solution. Nine subjects recently diagnosed with panic disorder were recruited, and seven of them eventually completed the trial. Two VR sessions were provided to each subject. Depression, anxiety, and VR sickness were evaluated before and after each session. Although there was no significant effect of the VR sessions on psychiatric symptoms, we could observe a trend of improvement in depression, anxiety, and VR sickness. The VR solution was effective in relieving subjective anxiety, especially in panic disorder without comorbidity. VR sickness decreased over time. This study is a new proof-of-concept trial to evaluate the therapeutic effect of VR solutions on anxiety symptoms using visuo-haptic-based multimodal feedback simultaneously.