No abstract available.
Meningitis, Meningococcal* ; Pericarditis*

No abstract available.
Tachycardia*

No abstract available.
Congenital Hypothyroidism*

An exercise stress test using the bicycle ergometer was carried out in Korea University Hospital in 121 untrained apparently healthy male Koreans with the ages ranging from 20 to 69 years. The graded exercise test consisted of 12 minutes' work on the bicycle ergometer, 4 minutes with each work load, such as 50 W, 100W and 150W, and an additional time with the maximal load to the point of voluntary exhaustion or until other symptoms of exercise intolerance appeared. During the graded exercise a bipolar electrocardiogram from the forehead to the V 5 position(lead CH5) was monitored with an oscilloscope with the sweep speed of 50mm per second and recorded for the analysis. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Heart rates were measured before and during the graded exercise at 50W, 100W, 150W and maximal work loads, and those of the 98 cases with no significant ST segment depression in the exercise ECG are presented. Mean heart rates per minute on 150W load by age group were: 171.0 in the 20-29 year-old group, 170.8 in the 30~39 year-old group, 168.0 in the 40-49year-old group, 162.9 in the 50-59 year-old group and 153.6 in the 60-69 year-old group. Mean heart rates per minute on maximal work load by age group were: 186.0 in the 20-29 year-old group, 178.8 in the 30-39 year-old group, 174.7 in the 40-49 year-old group, 166.0 in the 50-59 year-old group and 161.8 in the 60-69 year-old group. 2. The maximal working capacities by age group were: 266.3W in the 29-29 year-old group, 186.1W in the 30-39 year-old group, 182.2W in the 40-49 year-old group, 160.0W in the 50-59 year-old group and 161.8W in the 60-69 year-old group. 3. More than 1mm ST segment depression 0.08 second after the J point was seen in 10.7% and that 0.06 second after the J point in 19.1%. 4. Electrocardiographic QX/QT ratios ranging from 50 to 59% were seen in 21.5% and more than 60% in 0.8% of the cases. 5. Arrhythmias observed during the exercise test included premature ventricular contraction (2.5%), atrial premature contraction(1.7%) and nodal premature contraction(0.8%). 6. Distressing symtoms experienced during the graded exercise test were dizziness(6.6%) and leg pain(5.8%). Excessive sweating(3.3%), hypotension(1.7%) and nausea and vomiting (0.8%) were noticed immediately after the maximal exercise was finished.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Depression ; Electrocardiography ; Exercise Test* ; Forehead ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Korea ; Leg ; Male* ; Nausea ; Ventricular Premature Complexes ; Vomiting

In an attempt to investigate which of the ST-segment parameters, e.g., ST-segment level, ST-segment slope, ST-segment index and ST-segment intergral obtained by mannual drawing can most sensitively indicate quantitatively the extent of exertional myocardial ischemia in patients with angina pectoris, 26 patients with angina pectoris underwent exrecise stress testing, using a bicycle ergometer and thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy(Thallium-201 MPS). The exrecise was terminated either when symptoms or signs indicative of myocardial ischemia developed or when the heart rate reached the predicted maximal heart rate during exrecise. The myocardial ischemia region was quantitated by Thallium-201 MPS. The number of myocardial ischemia segments was similar in patients who had positive exrecise test(4.9+/-1.9) and in those who had negative result(3.7+/-2.2). However, it was greater in patients who showed pseudonormalization of the T wave in exercise ECG(6.3+/-2.6) than in those with negative exercise test(3.7+/-2.2)(P<0.05). The extent of myocardial ischemia region expressed by the number of myocardial ischemia segments correlates best with the ST-segment index(r=-0.83) among ST-segment slop(r=-0.60), ST-segment intergral(r=-0.59) and ST-segment(r=0.50). These data suggest that the ST-segment index is the most reliable indicator to reveal the extent of exertional myocardial ischemia among the ST-segment parameters and that pseudonormalization of T wave in exercise ECG is a finding indicative of exertional myocaridial ischemia in patients with angina pectoris.
Angina Pectoris ; Electrocardiography* ; Exercise Test ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Myocardial Ischemia* ; Perfusion

The relationships between diet and the occurence of the major diseases of our civilization are of both epidemiological and practical importance to public health problems. Diseases associated with dietary factors rank among the leading causes of illness and death in Korea. Not only for assessment for clinical evaluation, but also for epidemiological concern, we need for rapid and inexpensive methods to assess dietary intake in relating nutrition to health. The validity of a self-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was evaluated for a group of 103 men and women aged 26 to 65. Intakes of 8 nutrients computed from the questionnaire were compared with those derived from 3-months diet record. The questionnaire estimates of mean nutrient intake were within about 10% of the mean diet record measurements for nutrients evaluated but iron and vitamin A. The correlation coefficients comparing unadjusted nutrient intakes measured by two methods ranged from 0.27(iron) to 0.57(fat). The correlation coefficients comparing nutrient intakes measured by two methods adjusted for age and sex ranged from 0.26(iron) to 0.50(calories). After adjusted for age and sex or caloric intake, the intakes in iron did not show correlation measured by two methods. A simple and relatively inexpensive questionnaire could be useful information on dietary intake for macronutrients. The modification and revision would be required for assessments of intakes in micronutrients.
Civilization ; Diet ; Diet Records ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; Korea ; Male ; Micronutrients ; Public Health ; Vitamin A ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Humans ; Spinal Cord*

Commonly used internal devices to fix the stable and unstable intertrochanteric fractures are fixed nail plate (Jewett nail, Holt nail), sliding nail plate (compression hip screw) and intramedullary device (Ender, Harris nail). The choice of internal device is influenced by the general coditions of patients, the pattern of fracture and the personal preference of surgeon. There are many reports that sliding nail plate appears to give better result than fixed nail plate because the latter device leads to high failure rate. Twenty nine unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated with Jewett nail plate (group I) and sliding compression hip screw (group II) between 1981 and 1988 were reviewed after minimal twelve months follow up. Group I comprised of fourteen cases, Group II, of fifteen. There were seventeen males and twelve females. The ages ranged from thirty-two to seventy-eight years, the average age being 57.8 years. Eighteen cases were caused by slip down; eight, traffic accident; and three, fall down. The average operation time was 124 minutes in group I and 148 minutes in group II. The average amout of blood loss was 1024cc in group I and 1040cc in group II. The average time to union was 13 weeks in group I and 12.9 weeks in group II. In Jewett nail plate fixed group, there were three complication; one coxa vara, and superior migration of nail, and one subcapital fracture and one superficial wound infection. In sliding compression hip screw group, one was complicated with coxa vara. Above results suggest that the use of Jewett nail plate in unstable intertrochanteric fracture could be got good results with method using compression hip screw.
Accidents, Traffic ; Coxa Vara ; Female ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip Fractures ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Wound Infection

Apexcardiograms were evaluated in 24 normal adults (14 males and 10 females) aged 23 to 56 (mean 39) years and 42 patients with ischemic heart disease (29 males and 13 females) aged 40 to 81 (mean 57) years. The ratio of the duration of slow and rapid filling periods (SFP/RFP) and the height of the a wave in realtion to the total apexcardiographic deflection (a/H) were measured in each case and the results obtained from the IHD group were compared with data from the control group. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The was significant difference (p<0.001) between mean SFP/RFP ratio in control group (2.1+/-0.6) and in IHD group (3.4+/-1.5). Setting the upper SEP/RFP ratio at 2.7(mean+1 S.D.), 57.15 of IHD group and 20.8% of control group were above, and at 3.3(mean+2 S.D.), 40.5% of IHD group and none of control group were above this value. 2. There was no difference between the mean a/H ratio in control group (0.08+/-0.07) and in IHD group (0.09+/-0.11). The a/H ratio exceeding 0.15 (15%) was noted in 11.9% of IHD group. 3. The significance of SFP/RFP ratio in the apexcardiogram in the diagnosis of IHD was discussed. The SFP/RFP ratio is a more useful noninvasive adjunctive measurement for detecting IHD than a/H ratio.
Adult ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia*

BACKGROUND:Outpatient surgery has recently grown in popularity. This trend has affected the practice of anesthesia and has also led to an increasing interest in the development and use of short-acting anesthetic and analgesic agents. METHODS: One hundred fifty patients scheduled for outpatient surgery were randomly allocated to receive propofol, sevoflurane or isoflurane anesthesia with tracheal intubation. Clinical recovery times were analyzed as emergence, recovery, cognition and discharge. All adverse events were noted. RESULTS: Sevoflurane resulted in significantly shorter times to emergence (2.9 min), recovery (4 min), cognition (5.5 min) and discharge (13.4 min) than isoflurane. Propofol resulted in shorter times to emergence (2 min), recovery (2 min), cognition (3 min) and discharge (6.6 min) than isoflurane, but these were not significant. Also, sevoflurane resulted in shorter times to emergence, recovery, cognition and discharge than propofol, but not significantly. Among the adverse events noted, the percentages of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after anesthesia were 8%, 20% and 24% for the those who received propofol, sevoflurane and isoflurane, respectively. Propofol resulted in a significantly lower incidence of PONV than sevoflurane or isoflurane. There was no significant difference between sevoflurane and isoflurane in this respect. CONCLUSIONS: Sevoflurane and propofol are better anesthetics than isoflurane for outpatient anesthesia because of their rapid recovery times and a lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Adult* ; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures* ; Analgesics ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthetics ; Cognition ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intubation ; Isoflurane* ; Outpatients* ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Propofol*