It is now well known that several human congenital syndromes are accompanied by chromosomal aberrations. Chromosomal aberrations can also be induced by several teratogenic agents in various species of animals when exposed to these agents at certain embryonic development (Installs et al.. 1963 ; Soukup et al., 1967 ; Joneja and Ungthavorn. 1968 ; Roux et al., 1970). A hereditary component in the etiology of urinary tract malformations has been reported in man and animals (Bagg. 1929 ; Deringer and Heston, 1956 ; Monie et al., 1957 ; Roux and Dupuis. 1961 ; Fujikura, 1969). The extent of hereditary influence. however, is difficult to in man, and even the major cause of congenital hydronephrosis is still unknown. The main purposes of this investigation is to determine whether trypan blue which induces congenital anomaly of urinary tract in rat embryos would also induce Chromosomal aberrations in the embryos and the mothers. Sprague-Dawley strain healthy female rats were examined for the spermatozoa in the vaginal smears everyday. Trypan blue solution 1.5% was injected subcutaneously with various doses at different developmental stages of rat embryos. For embryonic studies, the animals were killed on the 20th day of gestation. The total implantations, resorption rates and sex ratios were examined. Under the stereomicroscope. anomalies such as hydronephrosis, renal hypoplasia and agenesis, and anomaly of location. position and rotation of the kidney were examined through the micro-dissection method and confirmed histologically. For Chromosomal studies, the bone marrow cells of mothers and the liver cells of fetuses were examined cytogenetically by means of the culture method of Roux et al. (1970). From the data obtained, results were as follows; 1. Resorption of fetuses, growth retarding effects and chromosomal aberrations of fetuses were increased following the increased doses of trypan blue, but time of injection was more important in production of the malformations. 2. Following the increased doses of trypan blue and early injection, male fetuses were more produced. So it seemed that female fetuses were easily resorpted. 3. The timing of injection with trypan blue exerted greater influence upon the inducement of hydronephrosis than the doses of the chemical, but in cases of other malformations, vice versa. 4. In mothers chromosomal aberrations were related with the doses of the teratogen, but in fetuses, with the timing of injection. 5. So far as trypan blue is concerned, it is probable that there is a close relationship between chromosomal aberration and teratogenecity.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Chromosome Aberrations* ; Embryonic Development ; Embryonic Structures ; Female ; Fetus* ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney ; Liver ; Male ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sex Ratio ; Spermatozoa ; Trypan Blue* ; Urinary Tract ; Vaginal Smears

A study was made on 657 cases of skin tumors, which were obtained mainly as surgical pathology specimens during the period of 12 years and 4 months from January, 1960 to April, 1972, at Departments of Dermatology and Clinical Pethology, Catholic Medical Center in Seoul, and the results were as follow; 1) Of the 657 cases of skin tumors, 470 cases (71. 5%) were benign tumors, 26 casea (4.0%) premalignant lesions and 161 cases (24. 5%) malignant tumors. 2) The ratio of male vs. female was 1: 1 for benign tumor, 1: 1.9 for premalignant lesion and 1. 9: 1 for malignant tumor. 3) Among the benign tumors were 144 cases of cysticercosis, 68 cases of epidermal inclusion cyst, 46 cases of hemangioma and 45 cases of lipoma. 4) Arnong the premalignant lesions were 13 cases of leukoplakia, 5 cases of Nevus sebaceous (Jadassohn) and 4 cases of Bowen's disease. 5) The average age of malignant tumor was 53. 2 years for squamous cell carcinoma, 57. 2 years for basal cell carcinoma, and 35. 6 years for malignant melanoma. 6) The sites of predilection of the squamous cell carcinomas were penis (30. 6%), face (27. 4%) and upper and lower extremities (12.9%). The site of predilection of the basal cell carcinomas was face (88. 5%)., 7) The ratio of squamous cell carcinoma vs. basal cell carcinoma was 2. 4: 1. 8) Among the metastatic cancers of the skin the more frequent primary sites were stomach (3 cases), lung (2 cases) and liver (2 cases).
Bowen's Disease ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cysticercosis ; Dermatology ; Female ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Leukoplakia ; Lipoma ; Liver ; Lower Extremity ; Lung ; Male ; Melanoma ; Nevus ; Pathology, Surgical ; Penis ; Seoul ; Skin* ; Stomach

A clinical observations were made on the patients with renal tumors who had been admitted and treated in the Department of Urology, Yonsei University Medical Center during the period from Jan. 1961 to Dec. 1975. The following results were obtained: 1. During the period, the genitourinary tract tumors were 12.07% per total in-patients and 63 cases of renal tumor which were 1.89% per total in-patients were admitted. 2. In 63 renal tumors, 5 kinds of primary renal malignancy were 76.36%, 5 kinds of benign tumor were 18.18% and 2 kinds of secondary malignancy were 5.45%. 3. Renal pelvic tumors were 27.3% total renal tumors and malignancy was 86.7% per all pelvic tumors. 4. Renal cell carcinoma was 59.53% and transitional cell carcinoma was 17.47% per all renal malignancies. 5. In benign renal tumors, solitary renal cysts were 40% and there were 2 cases of choriocarcinoma in secondary renal tumors.
Academic Medical Centers ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Choriocarcinoma ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Urology

No abstract available.
Congenital Hypothyroidism* ; Thyroid Dysgenesis*

Although the incidence of avascular necrosis of the pmximal end of the femur has declined by early diagnosis and gentle dynamic reduction, it is still one of the major complication in treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip. From 65 cases, followed up at least one year after reduction at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Busan National University Hospital from January, 1980 to June, 1984, the authom studied the factom causing avascular necrosis of the femoral head and its radiographic classification. The following results were obtained. 1. Based on Salter's criteria, avascular necrosis of the femoral head was considered in 16 of the 65 hips, a rate of 24.6%. 2. Based on the classification of Bucholz and Ogden, radiographic patterns of avascular necrosis were: type 1, 6(37.5%); type 2,3(18.8%); type 3, 5(31.3%); type 4, 2(12.5%). 3. Generally, the older the child when treatment was initiated, the more likely was avascular necrosis to develop, and the more severe was its damage. 4. The incidences of avascular necrosis in various treatments were: Pavlik harness, 10%; manipulative reduction, 17%; medial approach open reduction 40%; Salters innominate osteotomy only, 36%; femoral osteotomy with pelvic osteotomy, 20%. The high incidence in medial approach open reduction and Salters innominate osteotomy may be due to failure of previous manipulative reduction. 5. The preliminary traction of 14 days or more substantially reduced the incidence of avascular necrosis. 6. There was particularly high incidence of avascular necrosis in cast immobilization of Lorenz position. 7. The correlation between adductor tenotomy and avascular necrosis was not noticed. There was no avascular necrosis in the normal contralateral hip after cast immobilization.
Busan ; Child ; Classification ; Dislocations ; Early Diagnosis ; Femur ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Necrosis ; Osteotomy ; Tenotomy ; Traction

We studied clinically 109 caseu of typhoid fever in children, who were hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital for 5 years from January 1975 to December 1979. The results are as follows: 1) There were no specific differences have been noted in the annual incidence. 2) The highest incidence was noted in the summer season, which comprised of more than half of the total number of cases(52.3%) In whole of year, however, 11.9 percent noted in the winter Season. 3) The incidence of the disease was more in males are as compared to females, the respective percentage being 67 and 33. 4) The highest incidence was in the age group of 5~10 years, in percentage of 52.3. 5) The duration from onset to admission within 1 week were 55cases(50.5%), and from 1 week to 2 weeks were 33 cases(30.3%). The majority of cases admitted within 2 weeks. 6) The chief complaints on admission were fever(95%), abdominal pain(51%), anorexia (31%), nausea and vomiting(26%), and headache(25%). On physical examination, fever(95%), hepatomegaly(77%), injected throat(61%), bradycardia(27%), abdominal tenderness(18%), splenomegaly(21%) were noted. There was no rose spot. 7) The laboratory findings were as follow: Leukopenia was noted about Ilpercent, anemia was noted about 22 percent, however, no cases of Hgb level less than 8gm% was noted. In bacteriologic cultures, there were 35. 690 in blood culture and 6.6% in stool culture. There was no positive case in urine culture. In Widal test, there was 76.8% of positive result in 112 test cases. The percentage of positive cases were increased according to the duration of illness. 8) Complicated or associated diseases were 11% of total cases, in which majority were hepatitis and pneumonia. 9) In sensitivity test to antibiotics against organism isolated from blood culture, the most sensitive antibiotics was carbenicillin, followed by chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and ampicillin, Concerning annual variation of sensitivity to chloramphenicol and ampicillin, the sensitivity to chloramphenicol was no annual variation noted, but the sensitivity to ampicillin was decreased from the year of 1976.
Ampicillin ; Anemia ; Anorexia ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Carbenicillin ; Child* ; Chloramphenicol ; Female ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leukopenia ; Male ; Nausea ; Pediatrics ; Physical Examination ; Pneumonia ; Seasons ; Streptomycin ; Typhoid Fever*

A 14 years old female patient with chronic myelocytic leukemia was presented. Characteristic blood features of peripheral blood smear and bone marrow findings, clinical symptoms and signs, Philadelphia chromosome are confirmative for the diagnosis of the disease. Pertinent literatures and references were also reviewed briefly.
Adolescent ; Bone Marrow ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; Leukemia, Myeloid* ; Philadelphia Chromosome*

The authors observed 190 cases of intussusception who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Hanyang University Hospital from May, 1972 to August, 1977. And we had clinical analysis of these patients with a review of literatures. The results of clinical analysis of these patients were summarized as following. 1. In age distribution, 86.3% of the these patients were summarized as following. 2. Sex ratio of male to female was about 2:1 3. In seasonal distribuution, there were prevalent in Spring. 4. 75.9% of them were over 50 percentiles of development standard of Korean nomal infants and children by body weight. 5. The etiologic causes were found only in 1.7% of them and the other were idiopathic. 6. The most common anatomical type was ileo-colic type (77.4%) 7. The cardinal symptoms and signs were vomiting (82.1%), abdominal pain(81.6%), mucous bloody stool(67.9%), and palpable abdominal mass(62.1%), in order. 8. The reduction rate with barium enema was 78.2% and was high in the following cases ; (1) early visiting to the hospital, and (2) ileo-colic and colo-colic in type. 9. The rate of complication after surgery was 2.1% of all observed cases and mortality rate was 1.05%. The recurrence after first reduction occurred in 8.95% of all.
Age Distribution ; Barium ; Body Weight ; Child* ; Enema ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intussusception* ; Male ; Mortality ; Pediatrics ; Recurrence ; Seasons ; Sex Ratio ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Child* ; Fever* ; Humans ; Infant*

BACKGROUND: We attempted to determine the characteristics of diarrheal pathogens according to species, seasonal variations, and patient age using multiplex PCR for the epidemiologic study of diarrheal disease in Jeju Island. METHODS: From March 2015 to Feb 2017, stool specimens were collected from 537 diarrheal patients older than 16 years. Multiplex PCR was used to identify pathogens and found Group A Rotavirus, enteric Adenovirus, Norovirus GI/GII, Astrovirus, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio spp., Campylobacter spp., Clostridium difficile toxin B (CDB), Clostridium perfringens, Yersinia enterocolitica, Aeromonas spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC). RESULTS: Pathogens were isolated from 221 of 537 samples (41.2%); 9.3% were positive only for viral pathogens; 30.2%, only for bacterial pathogens; and 1.7%, for both viral and bacterial pathogens. Bacteria were more prevalent in spring, summer, and autumn, but viral pathogens were more prevalent in winter. Overall prevalence were Campylobacter spp. (26.7%), Clostridium perfringens (23.9%); Norovirus GII (11.4%), CDB (8.2%), Aeromonas spp. (6.3%), Group A Rotavirus (5.1%), Salmonella spp. (3.9%), Astrovirus (3.9%), Norovirus GI (3.1%), Vibrio spp (2.7%), enteric Adenovirus (1.6%), Shigella spp. (1.2%), VTEC (1.2%), and Yersinia enterocolitica (0.4%). Group A Rotavirus and Norovirus GII were more prevalent in winter and early spring. Campylobacter spp., CDB, and C. perfringens were detected frequently, without seasonal variation. CONCLUSION: Bacterial pathogens are more prevalent than viruses in acute diarrhea in adults living in Jeju Island, especially in spring, summer, and autumn. Viral pathogens are prevalent in winter. Campylobacter spp., CDB, and Clostridium perfringens are the major pathogens occurring without seasonal variations. These data will be helpful in identifying diarrheal pathogens and for treatments and prevention strategies.
Adenoviridae ; Adult* ; Aeromonas ; Bacteria ; Campylobacter ; Clostridium difficile ; Clostridium perfringens ; Diarrhea ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Epidemiology ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Norovirus ; Prevalence ; Rotavirus ; Salmonella ; Seasons ; Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli ; Shigella ; Vibrio ; Yersinia enterocolitica