A clinical observation was made on the 20 cases of congenital hydronephrosis due to ureteral obstruction confirmed by pathological report or operation finding of the patients admitted to Severance Hospital during from 1965 to September 1971, and the followings were obtained: 1) The rate of congenital hydronephrosis accounted for 1.3 per cent of the total patient admitted to the Department of Urology, and 23.6 per cent of total patients with hydronephrosis during the period of seven years. 2) Fifteen cases were in male and only five cases in female. The distribution of age was between 2 and 1/2 years and 61 years, but the most common age was below 10 years as 6 cases of total cases. 3) The incidence of pathological side was more in the left side than the right and also two cases rare bilatera1. The pathological site of etiological factor was found near uretero-pelvic area chiefly, as 15 cases in upper one third, 6 cases lower one third, 1 case in body of ureter. 4) The symptoms on admission were flank pain in 50 per cent of total patients, palpable mass in 35 per cent, hematuria in 30 per cent, G-I trouble in 10 per cent, respiratory distress in one case, no symptom in one case. 5) The underlying causes were composed of intrinsic factor in 14 cases (63%), of which 3 cases were combined with aberrant vessel, and extrinsic factor in the remainder. Also one case of fibrous band combined with aberrant vessel was found. 6) The degree of hydronephrosis was determined by urography, pathological and operation finding, and according to these findings, grade 3 (advanced case) was prominent as rate of 54.3% of total cases and grade I (mild case) was only 18.0% of total cases. 7) The incidence of the associated disease in G-U tract of congenital hydronephrosis was 31. 5% of total cases, 6 cases in ipsilateral kidney and 1 case in opposite kidney. 8) On laboratory examination, abnormal finding in urinalysis was found in 60% of total cases and bacteriuria in urine culture was seen in 6 cases (30%) of total, of which 3 cases were infected with E. coli. Also, BUN was increased in 5 cases (25%), but highest level was 52mg% 9) In cases of impossibility to recover in view of renal function, the nephrectomy or uretero-nephroctomy was performed in 11 cases of total and plastic repair was performed in 4 cases as resection with oblique reanastomosis in 2 cases, Fenger's operation in one case, and Foley Y pyelo-ureteroplasty in one case. Besides above procedures, following: one was performed; ureterolysis in 4 cases, 5 cases in division of aberrant vessel, and 2 cases in ureteroneocystostomy. 19) As postoperative complication, continuous urinary leakage was seen in one case of 4 cases which plastic repair was performed and renal hypertension 3 months after operation developed in one cases of 5 cases which aberrant vessel was cut.
Bacteriuria ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Hypertension, Renal ; Incidence ; Intrinsic Factor ; Kidney ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Plastics ; Postoperative Complications ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction* ; Urinalysis ; Urography ; Urology

No abstract available.
Sinusitis*

BACKGROUND: There has been a lot of changes in prehospital medical environment with development of EMSS(emergency medical service systems). Especially in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the patients could survive when they are moved to the hospitals earlier. The purpose of this research is to know the status of EMSS in Korea by analyzing CPR(cardiopulmonary resuscitation) outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients at 3 hospital in the western area of Seoul and Incheon. METHODS: From July 1997 to June 1998, we collected data about out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims at Ewha Womens University Mokdong Hospital, Catholic University Medical College St. Mary Hospital, and Kachon University Chung Ang Gil Hospital. We used same record form based on the 'Utstein Style'. RESULTS: CPR were performed in 265 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients at 3 hospitals. One hundred twelve(42.3%) patients recovered the spontaneous circulation at least once and eight(3.0%) patients discharged alive. One hundred ninety four(73.2%) patients died of medical causes, one hundred two(38.5%) cardiogenic and ninety two(34.7%) non-cardiogenic, and seventy(26.4%) patients died of traumatic causes. Initial EKG showed VT/VF(ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation) in thirty one(11.7%) patients, asystole in one hundred fifty one(57.0%) patients and other rhythms in eighty three(31.3%) patients. Among one hundred two cardiogenic cardiac arrest patients, two(2.0%) patients was discharged alive. CONCLUSION: Overall survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac angst patients was 3% which was poorer than that of the western country. The proportion of the cardiogenic cause was 3% which was only hart of the western country. VT/VF is relatively not common as a initial EKG rhythm. These differences might be due to difference in the prevalence pattern of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest as well as prematurity of the EMSS.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Incheon ; Korea ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest* ; Prevalence ; Seoul ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured* ; Cerebral Veins* ; Veins*

No abstract available.
Nephrotic Syndrome*

Active infective endocarditis, involving native, is often complicated by conduction abnormalities. These conduction disturbances are considered to represent an extension of the infection from the valve to the annulus, and to the surrounding myocardium. We describe a case of a 59-year-old woman who presented with dyspnea due to staphylococcal endocarditis, which was complicated by a complete heart block.
Dyspnea ; Endocarditis ; Endocarditis, Bacterial* ; Female ; Heart Block* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Myocardium

No abstract available.
Goldenhar Syndrome*

Following the acute diarrhea in patients (n = 24) overnight with commonly used laxatives for bowel preparation, the changes in electrolytes and acid-base balance in blood and urine were investigated. Though no alterations of serum sodium or potassium concentrations were noted, mild but significant reduction of mean values (+/- SEM) of plasma pH and HCO3 after diarrhea when compared to those before it developed (pH, from 7.42 +/- 0.01 to 7.39 +/- 0.01, p<0.01; HCO3, from 25.8 +/- 0.6 to 23.7 +/- 0.6 mEq/L, p<0.05). However, significant reduction of concentration in spot urine sodium from 150 +/- 12.3 to 93 +/- 14 mEq/g of crea. (p<0.01) and increase in spot urine potassium from 33 +/- 3.2 to 51 +/- 6.0 mEq/g of crea. (p<0.05) following diarrhea were seen with significant reduction of urine pH from 6.67 +/- 0.21 to 5.5 +/- 0.13 (p<0.001). Also, with this effective urinary acidification following diarrhea, a significant reduction of urinary anion gap as well as significant increment of spot urine ammonium was accompanied (anion gap, from 80.4 +/- 11.1 to 44 +/- 8.5 mEq/g of crea. p<0.001; ammonium, from 87 +/- 18.5 to 229 +/- 37 mg/g of crea. p<0.001) in addition to the significant inverse correlation between these changes in spot urine from basal levels in 24 study subjects (y = -1.13 x +61, r = 0.7, p<0.001). In conclusion, we observed that the acute diarrhea with laxatives used for bowel preparation caused a mild degree of metabolic acidosis with no changes in blood electrolytes.
Acid-Base Equilibrium/*drug effects ; Acute Disease ; Cathartics/pharmacology ; Diarrhea/*metabolism ; Electrolytes/*metabolism ; Human ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

The unilateral megalencephaly is a rare brain malformation characterized by cerebral asymmetry and cortical dysplasia caused by faulty migration of the subependymal neuroblasts. We experienced a case of unilateral megalencephaly in a two day-old male with the chief complaint of asymmetric head appearance. Large left hemisphere with agyria, pachygyria, dilatation of lateral ventricle, and the thick cortex of the ipsilateral hemisphere were showed in brain MRL, Clinical findings in this case were intractable seizure, hemiparesis, and psychomotor retardation. A review of literatures was also presented briefly.
Brain ; Dilatation ; Head ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles ; Lissencephaly ; Male ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; Paresis ; Seizures

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of 2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-18-FDG) whole body scan (FDG W/B Scan) using dual-head gamma camera equipped with ultra high energy collimator in patients with various cancers, and compare the RESULTS with those of coincidence imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Phantom studies of planar imaging with ultra high energy and coincidence tomography (FDG CoDe PET) were performed. Fourteen patients with known or suspected maligancy were examined. F-18-FDG whole body scan was performed using dual-head gamma camera with high energy (511 keV) collimators and regional FDG CoDe PET immediately followed it. Radiological, clinical follow up and histologic RESULTS were correlated with F-18-FDG finding. RESULTS: Planar phantom study showed 13.1 mm spatial resolution at 10 cm with a sensitivity of 2638 cpm/MBq/ml. In coincidence PET, spatial resolution was 7.49 mm and sensitivity was 5351 cpm/MBq/ml. Eight out of 14 patients showed hypermetabolic sites in primary or metastatic tumors in FDG CoDe PET. The lesions showing no hypermetabolic uptake of FDG in both methods were all less than 1 cm except one lesion of 2 cm sized metastatic lymph node. The metastatic lymph nodes of positive FDG uptake were more than 1.5 cm in size or conglomerated lesions of lymph nodes less than 1 cm in size. FDG W/B scan showed similar RESULTS but had additional false positive and false negative cases. FDG W/B scan not visualize liver metastasis in one case that showed multiple metastatic sites in FDG CoDe PET. CONCLUSION:S: FDG W/B scan with specially designed collimators depicted some cancers and their metastatic sites, although it had a limitation in image quality compared to that of FDG CoDe PET. This study suggests that F-18-FDG positron imaging using dual-head gamma camera is feasible in oncology and helpful if it should be more available by regional distribution of FDG.
Electrons ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gamma Cameras* ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Whole Body Imaging*