No Abstract Available.
Estrogens*

No abstract available.
Amniotic Fluid* ; Embolism, Amniotic Fluid* ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* ; Female ; Pregnancy

A clinical observation was made on the 20 cases of congenital hydronephrosis due to ureteral obstruction confirmed by pathological report or operation finding of the patients admitted to Severance Hospital during from 1965 to September 1971, and the followings were obtained: 1) The rate of congenital hydronephrosis accounted for 1.3 per cent of the total patient admitted to the Department of Urology, and 23.6 per cent of total patients with hydronephrosis during the period of seven years. 2) Fifteen cases were in male and only five cases in female. The distribution of age was between 2 and 1/2 years and 61 years, but the most common age was below 10 years as 6 cases of total cases. 3) The incidence of pathological side was more in the left side than the right and also two cases rare bilatera1. The pathological site of etiological factor was found near uretero-pelvic area chiefly, as 15 cases in upper one third, 6 cases lower one third, 1 case in body of ureter. 4) The symptoms on admission were flank pain in 50 per cent of total patients, palpable mass in 35 per cent, hematuria in 30 per cent, G-I trouble in 10 per cent, respiratory distress in one case, no symptom in one case. 5) The underlying causes were composed of intrinsic factor in 14 cases (63%), of which 3 cases were combined with aberrant vessel, and extrinsic factor in the remainder. Also one case of fibrous band combined with aberrant vessel was found. 6) The degree of hydronephrosis was determined by urography, pathological and operation finding, and according to these findings, grade 3 (advanced case) was prominent as rate of 54.3% of total cases and grade I (mild case) was only 18.0% of total cases. 7) The incidence of the associated disease in G-U tract of congenital hydronephrosis was 31. 5% of total cases, 6 cases in ipsilateral kidney and 1 case in opposite kidney. 8) On laboratory examination, abnormal finding in urinalysis was found in 60% of total cases and bacteriuria in urine culture was seen in 6 cases (30%) of total, of which 3 cases were infected with E. coli. Also, BUN was increased in 5 cases (25%), but highest level was 52mg% 9) In cases of impossibility to recover in view of renal function, the nephrectomy or uretero-nephroctomy was performed in 11 cases of total and plastic repair was performed in 4 cases as resection with oblique reanastomosis in 2 cases, Fenger's operation in one case, and Foley Y pyelo-ureteroplasty in one case. Besides above procedures, following: one was performed; ureterolysis in 4 cases, 5 cases in division of aberrant vessel, and 2 cases in ureteroneocystostomy. 19) As postoperative complication, continuous urinary leakage was seen in one case of 4 cases which plastic repair was performed and renal hypertension 3 months after operation developed in one cases of 5 cases which aberrant vessel was cut.
Bacteriuria ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Hypertension, Renal ; Incidence ; Intrinsic Factor ; Kidney ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Plastics ; Postoperative Complications ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction* ; Urinalysis ; Urography ; Urology

No abstract available.
Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins* ; Granulosa Cells* ; Progesterone*

No abstract available.
Population Characteristics* ; Vibrio vulnificus* ; Vibrio*

Adreno-hepatic fusion is rare condition defined as adhesion of the liver and right adrenal cortex with close intermingling of the respective parenchyme. It is suggested to be an aging phenomenon, because its incidence is much higher in older age group. Clinically it may pose a problem of operability of the organ involved. We report a case of incidentally found adreno-hepatic fusion in a 49 year old female patient with adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon. The segementectomy of VIII segement of the liver was done due to a 6 4 cm sized metastatic nodule of adenocarcioma. Pathological examination of the liver revealed an ovoid shaped, 1 0.5 cm sized adrenal cortical tissue. It was subcapsularly located and about 1cm apart from the metastatic adenocarcinoma with an intervening normal hepatic tissue. The adrenal tissue was mainly composed of zona fasciculata without medullary tissue. In the interphase, the adrenal tissue and liver tissue were admixed closely and partially septated by thin fibrous tissue. There was no inflammatory response to the heterotropically located adrenal tissue and there was no symptom related to the adrenal gland.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adrenal Cortex ; Adrenal Glands ; Aging ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Interphase ; Liver ; Middle Aged ; Zona Fasciculata

Compensatory hypertrophy of muscle fibers has been known to occur when burden on a skeletal muscle is increased. However, there have not been reports concerning the response of extraocular muscles following a monocular resection and recession of horizontal muscles, which procedure is a common form of strabismus surgery. A large lateral rectus resection and medial rectus recession was performed in each right eye of 28 rats. After the horizontal muscle surgery, both medial and lateral rectus muscles were obtained from both eyes of each rat with an interval of 2 weeks from the initial operation until 8th week after operation. A mid-portion of an extirpated muscles were frozen and prepared for ATPase staining. With a differential preincubation in two buffered solutions, pH 4.6 and pH 10.3 and ATPase staining, muscle fibers were classified into 3 kinds-global singly innervated fiber(GSIF, alkali-stable), global multi-innervated fiber(GMIF, alkali-labile), and orbital surface layer fiber(OSLF). These muscle fibers were measured using micrometer to find out their diameters and compared with the diameter of extraocular muscle fibers of unoperated rats. All kinds of muscle fibers of a resected lateral rectus showed an increase in their diameteris(p<0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum test) but there was no hypertrophy in the recessed medial rectus the yolk muscle of the resected lateral rectus, medial rectus of the fellow eye also showed hypertrophy of GMIF and OSLF. The lateral rectus of the unoperated fellow eye did not reveal muscle fiber hypertrophy. The postoperative hypertrophy of muscle fibers were observed only at the 2nd and 4th postoperative week specimens. the hypertrophied muscles subsequently returned to the baseline fiber diameter.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Animals ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypertrophy* ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles ; Orbit ; Rats* ; Strabismus

OBJECTIVES: The present study was performed to investigate whether estrogen and progesterone induce the change of vascular tone in endothelium-denuded human uterine artery and vascular reactivity may be mediated by intracelluar calcium modulation through receptor- and voltage-dependent calcium channels. METHODS: The uterine arteries were obtained at the time of hysterectomy from 28 women followed by denudation of endothelium. After confirmation of functional integrity of endothelium-denuded uterine artery, vascular reactivity was measured by using isometric force transducer and recorded by physiograph. Contraction was induced by 10-6 M norepinephrine and 35mM high concentrated potassium chloride solution which activated receptor-dependent calcium channel and voltage-dependent calcium channel, respectively.Thereafter estradiol of 4 different concentrations from 3x10-11M to 3x10-8M was administered. Progesterone was also administered to endothelium-denuded uterine artery which was contracted by 10-6M norepinephrine and high potassium chloride solution. To evaluate the effect of additional progesterone on vascular smooth muscle relaxation effect of estrogen,4 different progesterones in concentrations from 3x10-8M to 3x10-5M were given to vascular smooth muscle which was initially pretreated with norepinephrine followed by relaxation of estradiol. RESULTS: Estradiols from 3x10-11M to 3x10-8M showed in significant dose-dependent vascular relaxation. Progesterones result in significant decrease in vascular contraction in concentration dependent manner. Additional progesterone on estrogenic effects also results in significant decrease in vascular contraction. CONCLUSION: Estradiol may have endothelium independent vasorelaxation effect in human uterine artery. These vasorelaxant effects may be mediated through antagonistic action for receptor-and voltage-dependent calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle. Progesterone also bring about vasorelaxation by same action in endothelium-denuded vascular smooth muscle. On estrogen induced vascular relaxation, progesterone results in additional vasorelaxation.
Calcium ; Calcium Channels ; Endothelium ; Estradiol ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Humans* ; Hysterectomy ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Norepinephrine ; Potassium Chloride ; Progesterone* ; Relaxation ; Transducers ; Uterine Artery* ; Vasodilation

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate whether 1) estrogen induces the change of vascular tone in endothelium-denuded human uterine artery, and 2) endothelium-independent vascular reactivity may be mediated by intracellular calcium ion modulation. METHODS: The uterine arteries from 34 premenopausal women were obtained at the time of hysterectomy due to various indications and endothelium was denuded. Vascular reactivity was monitored by using Isometric force transducer and recorded by physiograph. Endothelial integrity was assessed by sequential administration of 1micrometer norepinephrine(alpha-adrenergic stimulant) and 10 micrometer acetylcholine (endothelium -dependent vasorelaxant). Integrity of smooth muscle was measured by administration of 10 micrometer sodium nitroprusside (endothelium - independent vasorelaxant) and 10 micrometer tamsulosin(alpha-adrenergic blocker). A dose-dependent action of estrogen was measured on denuded uterine arteries, pretreated with norepinephrine and potassium chloride. In media contained denuded uterine arteries pretreated with 70mM potassium chloride and estradiol(3X10-5M), nitric oxide and its inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME) was administered, respectively, in order to verify the vasodilation effect. Statistical tests were performed at the 5% level of significance using the SPSS PC+ package. RESULTS: Acethylcholine has little effect but sodium nitroprusside & talmsulosin showed marked relaxation, which suggested loss of endothelial function and adequacy of smooth muscle function. The contraction by norephinephrine(1 M) revealed estrogen induced relaxation which was concentration-dependent from 3 10-8M to 3 10-5M in concentration of 17 -estradiol. The contraction by high potassium solution 70mM was also inhibited by estrogen in concentration-dependent manner. This vasorelaxant effect of estrogen on endothelium-denuded uterine artery was not affected by addition of nitric oxide(NO) precursor, L-arginine and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) inhibitor, L-NAME. CONCLUSION: The results of this study revealed that estrogen has vasorelaxant effect on endothelium endothelium-denuded uterine artery by calcium antagonistic property through direct inhibitory effect on receptor- and voltage dependent calcium ion channels of smooth muscles. This vasorelaxant effect of estrogen on endothelium-denuded uterine artery was NO independent.
Acetylcholine ; Arginine ; Calcium ; Calcium Channels ; Endothelium* ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Humans* ; Hysterectomy ; Muscle, Smooth ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitroprusside ; Norepinephrine ; Potassium ; Potassium Chloride ; Relaxation ; Transducers ; Uterine Artery* ; Vasoconstriction* ; Vasodilation

OBJECTIVE: In Korea, only a few reports were introduced about body fat mass of women with using the Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), highly sensitive and specific measurement for fat mass analysis. This study was carried out to determine whether total and regional body composition changes measured by DEXA were more related to age or to menopause. METHODS: One hundred fifteen postmenopausal women who had never received estrogen replacement therapy were enrolled in Menopausal Clinic from January 2001 to April 2002. BMD and body composition were measured by DEXA. The proportions of android and gynoid fat were calculated in all women and differences were sought by ANOVA test, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: They were classified as perimenopausal women (n=31), young postmenopausal women (n=60) or old postmenopausal women (n=24). Bone mineral content (BMC), BMD, leg lean body mass and gynoid fat were significant differences among three groups. In multiple linear regression, age was a predictor of total, trunk and leg BMC (p<0.01), total, L2-4 and proximal femur BMD (p<0.01), total, arm and trunk fat percentage of total body mass and trunk regional fat percentage of regional tissue (p<0.05), whereas years since of age was not a predictor of any of the body composition variables. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that BMC, BMD and body fat distribution with a shift toward a more central location in postmenopausal women. This change appears to be more related to age than to menopause.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adipose Tissue ; Arm ; Body Composition* ; Body Fat Distribution ; Bone Density ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy ; Female ; Femur ; Humans ; Korea ; Leg ; Linear Models ; Menopause*