No abstract available.
Pregnancy*

We measured the concentration of serum PSA to define statistical upper limits for PSA in relation to age in 228 men without clinical evidence of prostatic cancer. We defined the cancer-free group as men with a PSA less than or equal to 2.5ng/ml(ELSA-PSA' monoclonal immunoradiometric assay) and nonsuspicious digital rectal examination and those with an abnormality in either parameter underwent transrectal ultrasound and pathologically excluded prostatic cancer from the group by transrectal prostatic biopsy or transurethral resection. A total 252 men between 40 and 79 years of age entered the protocol, of whom 228 men satisfied our cancer-free criteria. There was a significant correlation between natural logarithm transformed PSA(In PSA) and age by linear regression analysis(r=0.32, p=0.02) and age-specific upper limits of PSA=mean+2SD) were 2.62ng/ml in the 40 to 49-year group, 3.45ng/ml in the 50 to 59-year group, 5.09ng/ml in 60 to 69- year group and 7.07ng/ml in the 70 to 79-year group.
Biopsy ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Ultrasonography

Simple cysts of the testis are rare benign lesions of uncertain etiology. A 3-month-old male infant presented with painful enlargement of the left testicle and was suspected for testicular torsion. On scrotal exploration, the diagnosis of intratesticular simple cyst was made intraoperatively and the patient treated with orchiectomy.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Spermatic Cord Torsion ; Testis

Congenital vaginal atresia is rare and occurs as a result of aplasia of the mullerian ducts This is a source of great embarrassment and distress to patients and their close relatives. These patients are usually treated with chronic dilatation of the shallow vaginal introitus (Frank Technique) or by skin graft vaginoplasty (McIndoe procedure). Neither of these procedures is entirely satisfactory, as both may lead to neovaginal stenosis, inadequate length or poor lubrication. The use of an isolated segment of intestine for vaginoplasty generally circumvents these problems. A 31-year-old unmarried woman had suffered from vaginal narrowing and stenosis after skin graft vaginoplasties. We treated her with vaginoplasty using an isolated ileal segment.
Adult ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dilatation ; Female ; Humans ; Ileum* ; Intestines ; Lubrication ; Mullerian Ducts ; Single Person ; Skin ; Transplants

A study was carried out to demonstrate that Colonlyte(polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution; PEG-ELS), a colonic lavage solution presently used for gut cleansing in preparation for colonic procedures, can be an effective agent in the preoperative bowel preparation for urologic surgery. Eighteen patients received 1-day preparation with 4,000ml of Colonlyte. Patient tolerance evaluated by a questionnaire showed overall comfortness in 77.8% of the patients. There was no electrolyte changes between pre- and post-preparation. Bowel cleansing was adequate(""good"" to ""excellent"" cleansing) in 89 % of the patients. Gas passage was identified 3 days and 9 hours postoperatively(mean) after termination of general anesthesia. One patient (5.6%) developed postoperative superficial wound infection but there was no serious complications such as intra-abdominal abscess, anastomotic disruption, or sepsis. Colonlyte is a safe, effective, and economic method of preoperative bowel preparation in urologic surgery.
Abdominal Abscess ; Anesthesia, General ; Colon ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sepsis ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; Wound Infection

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine cut-off point of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) adjusted body mass index (BMI) for sarcopenia in the Korean women and evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia in postmenopausal women. METHODS: This study was based on the data obtained from 2008 to 2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) IV and V. A whole body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan and measurement of BMI were performed on individuals of ≥10 years old. Five thousand, two hundred and fifteen women older than 50 years were included in the study. ASM was obtained by adding the muscle masses of the four limbs. To determine the young reference group, mean and standard deviation of ASM and ASM/BMI by ages was measured. We calculated the prevalence rate of sarcopenia by each age group according to the cut-off point based on ASM and ASM/BMI. RESULTS: In determining the cut-off values related ASM/BMI, using the value that is two standard deviations below mean values for young reference group (20's and 30's) thus recommends 0.50 m² in women. The overall prevalence among women older than 50 years was 15.6%. Among women older than 65 years prevalence of sarcopenia was 22.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of sarcopenia among Korean women obtained in this study is within the proper range of value to research about sarcopenia. Furthermore, using 0.50 m² as the cut-off value can help compare various studies about sarcopenia in Korea.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Body Mass Index* ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Nutrition Surveys ; Postmenopause ; Prevalence* ; Republic of Korea ; Sarcopenia*

Purpose: The incidence and characteristics of ipsilateral adrenal involvement in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were assessed to determine whether a routine ipsilateral adrenalectomy is still required during radical nephrectomy.Materials and Methods: Between October 1994 and June 2003, the records of 543 patients with RCC, who underwent radical nephrectomy, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two subgroups: 325 patients that had undergone a radical nephrectomy with ipsilateral adrenalectomy, and 218 with adrenal-sparing. The medical records, pathologic specimens, preoperative and postoperative computerized tomography (CT) finding were reviewed. The influence of an adrenalectomy on the disease- specific survival rate was also analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: There were no significant differences between the ipsilateral adrenalectomy and adrenal-sparing groups in terms of age, sex, location and T and M stages. There were no significant differences in the disease-specific survival rates between the two groups (p=0.092). Of the 325 patients with ipsilateral adrenalectomy, 12 (3.7%) had adrenal involvement, all of which were diagnosed as cT3 or greater, with 9 detected with preoperative CT. Preoperative CT had 75% sensitive, a 33% positive predictive value, 94.2% specificity and a 99% negative predictive value for adrenal involvement by RCC. Among patients without adrenal involvement, there were no significant differences in the disease-specific survival rates between patients with an ipsilateral adrenalectomy and adrenal-sparing. Conclusions: A routine ipsilateral adrenalectomy during a radical nephrectomy does not improve the survival rate. A routine ipsilateral adrenalectomy may not be needed, particularly when no ipsilateral adrenal involvement is found to exist on the preoperative CT.
Adrenalectomy* ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Medical Records ; Nephrectomy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Survival Rate

A new data management system for urologic patient was designed by composing revised discharge summary and a computer program. The revised .discharge summary consists of more detailed clinical records and maintenance of clinical records during the follow-up period post discharge. The computer program was written in FoxPro Version 2.0 and the urologic code system was developed by applying some modifications on the international classification of diseases. The present program takes major advantages in easy and errorless entry and retrieval of data. These include pull-down menus using simultaneous input and coding system without any needs of typing the required codes for problem, management, and diagnosis. Data search and case statistics can be easily obtained with any combinations of problem, management, and diagnosis. The authors consider the present system, in which the revised discharge summary and computer program were closely linked, is very useful in patient data management.
Clinical Coding ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; International Classification of Diseases ; Urology*

BACKGROUND: This study assessed the perceptions of healthcare staff of the health risks of exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF). METHODS: In total, 328 healthcare workers (e.g., physicians, nurses, medical students, and paramedics) completed a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed the following: risk perceptions of 17 environmental factors as potential health threats; EMF sources; information for the potential risks of EMF; and thoughts on how to protect the public from potential EMF-related health risks. RESULTS: Of the included environmental factors, high-tension power lines and mobile phone handsets were ranked as the second and fourth lowest perceived risk, respectively. Approximately 60% of respondents were concerned about the potential health risks of EMF and dissatisfied with the information they received. The main reason for dissatisfaction was insufficient information. The most frequently cited action was that the government should review the available scientific evidence on potential EMF-related health risks. CONCLUSIONS: Having scientific basis through well-designed researches and providing accurate information to the public on the potential health risks of EMF will be important in the future.
Cellular Phone ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Delivery of Health Care* ; Electromagnetic Fields* ; Humans ; Students, Medical

OBJECTIVES: The use of administrative data is an affordable alternative to conducting a difficult large-scale medical-record review to estimate the scale of adverse events. We identified adverse events from 2002 to 2013 on the national level in Korea, using International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (ICD-10) Y codes. METHODS: We used data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (NHIS-NSC). We relied on medical treatment databases to extract information on ICD-10 Y codes from each participant in the NHIS-NSC. We classified adverse events in the ICD-10 Y codes into 6 types: those related to drugs, transfusions, and fluids; those related to vaccines and immunoglobulin; those related to surgery and procedures; those related to infections; those related to devices; and others. RESULTS: Over 12 years, a total of 20 817 adverse events were identified using ICD-10 Y codes, and the estimated total adverse event rate was 0.20%. Between 2002 and 2013, the total number of such events increased by 131.3%, from 1366 in 2002 to 3159 in 2013. The total rate increased by 103.9%, from 0.17% in 2002 to 0.35% in 2013. Events related to drugs, transfusions, and fluids were the most common (19 446, 93.4%), followed by those related to surgery and procedures (1209, 5.8%) and those related to vaccines and immunoglobulin (72, 0.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Based on a comparison with the results of other studies, the total adverse event rate in this study was significantly underestimated. Improving coding practices for ICD-10 Y codes is necessary to precisely monitor the scale of adverse events in Korea.
Clinical Coding ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Delivery of Health Care ; Immunoglobulins ; International Classification of Diseases ; Korea ; National Health Programs ; Republic of Korea ; Vaccines