The non-starch polysaccharides,mainly composed of glucomannans,are the major bioactive compounds in Dendrobium catenatum. In order to evaluate the quality of the medicinal materials and guide the production and processing,a quantification method of non-starch polysaccharides was established by stems of D. catenatum C15 strain collected from the pear epiphytic cultivation. The non-starch polysaccharides were obtained by " water extraction,α-amylase pretreatment,and alcohol precipitation once" method. The contents of starches,non-starch polysaccharides and monosaccharides were analyzed. In addition,the system suitability was tested. Compared with method of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia( 2015 edition),the contents of total polysaccharides,glucose,and mannose were decreased by 20. 9%,58. 8% and 1. 6% respectively. The method effectively digested starch and retained non-starch polysaccharides,and the analysis result was accurate and repeatable. Therefore,it is suitable for the content measurement of non-starch polysaccharides of D. catenatum. Furthermore,it could be an alternative method for quality control of D. catenatum and a reference in the determination of non-starch polysaccharides in other starch-containing medicinal materials.
Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Monosaccharides ; analysis ; Phytochemicals ; analysis ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; Starch ; analysis

The saponins extracted from the stem of Asparagus officinalis L., is a glucoside. In the mean time, it solved the problem of environment pollution about wastes of Asparagus officinalis L., and made the waste useful. The factors affected extractive efficiency of the saponin from Asparagus officinalis L. was investigated. The optimal conditions were 95% alcohol; V/W = 6:1; 90 degrees C; 4h. The saponins average abstraction rate from fresh and dry wastes of Asparagus officinalis L. was 1.70% and 4.01% respectively. The saponins were dissociated with Al2O3 column. The eluent was 40% alcohol, the elute curves showed a symmetrical peak. The compound structure was determined by UV, IR and HPLC spectra et al. The results indicated that it belonged to the furostanol saponins and its glycosyl composed of xylose, fucose, arabinose, as well as the mole ratio was Xyl: Fuc : Ara = 1.0:0.13:19.42, Mw 18 500. In this paper, the saponins were extracted from wastes of Asparagus officinalis L. and analyzed glycosyl component in detail.
Asparagus Plant ; chemistry ; Monosaccharides ; analysis ; Saponins ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

A high-performance liquid chromatography method of pre-column derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5 -pyrazolone (PMP) has been established for determination of 6 kinds of monosaccharides simultaneously. A special Agilent HC-C18 column (4. 6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), optimized for the separation of PMP derivatives, was used at ambient temperature of 40 degrees C. The PMP derivatives elution was performed with a mixture of 0.1 mol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (pH 6. 8) and acetonitrile in a ratio of 84: 16 at a flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), and UV absorbance of the effluent was monitored at 245 nm. The results showed that the polysaccharides from exopleura of Ginkgo biloba were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly containing mannose, rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, with the molar ratio of 0.032: 0.14: 0.296: 0.403:0.106: 0.046.
Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Hydrolysis ; Monosaccharides ; analysis ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the extraction, isolation and composition of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP).

METHODLBP was extracted from L. barbarum with water, isolationed and purified by DEAE ion-exchange cellulose and gel chromatography, and their structural composition was studied by means of SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis, GC, amino acid automatic analysis, etc.

RESULTPure LBP has four water solubie polysaccharides, M W was 1.524 x 10(5). LBP was composed of 6 kinds of monosaccharides (Ara, Rha, Xyl, Man, Gal and Glc), galacturonic acid and 18 kinds of amino acids.

CONCLUSIONLBP is a kind of complex polysaccharides consisting of acidic heteropolysaccharides and polypeptide or protein, and LBP has Glycan-O-Ser glycopeptide structures.

Amino Acids ; analysis ; Hexuronic Acids ; analysis ; Lycium ; chemistry ; Monosaccharides ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Seeds ; chemistry

To simultaneously determine paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 4'-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol in Zhengtian pills. In the test, Insertil ODS-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was adopted, with acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1), the column temperature was 30 degrees C and the detection wavelength was 230 nm. According to the results of the test, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 4'-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol showed good linear relations between peak areas and sample sizes in 11.37-170.5, 2.188-32.82, 2.896-43.44, and 3.000-45.00 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 9, 0.999 9, 1.000 0, 1.000 0), respectively. The average recoveries (n = 6) were 102.3% (RSD 1.2%), 99.71% (RSD 1.9%), 101.2% (RSD 1.2%), and 99.40% (RSD 2.4%), respectively. The above four components were determined in five batches of samples by using the established method, with satisfactory results. The method was so simple, accurate and highly reproducible that it could be used for quality control of the four components in Zhengtian pills.
Benzoates ; analysis ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Coumaric Acids ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; standards ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Monosaccharides ; analysis ; Monoterpenes ; Quality Control ; Xanthenes ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo establish a quantitative method for the content determination and monosaccharide composition analysis of Konjac glucomannan (KGM) in Konjac refined powder by pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC).

METHODThe two derivatives combined reducing monosaccharides with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) were separated by reverse-phase HPLC using a developed fragment gradient elution process, and monitored by ultraviolet detector at 250 nm. The broad reagent peak of PMP was separated very well from all the PMP-sugars, and good separation was achieved for derivatives of mannose and glucose. The quantitative methods of two reducing monosaccharides were studied by the method combined internal and external standard; while the KGM content in Konjac refined powder was determined.

RESULTLinearity of glucose was good (r = 0.9990) in range of 1.002-8.016 nmol; while mannose (r = 0.9994) in range of 1.001-8.008 nmol. The average recovery of this method was 98.1%, RSD of repeatability was 1.72%. KGM content in Konjac refined powder was 79.5%, ratio of glucose to mannose in KGM was 1:1.51.

CONCLUSIONThis method is a sample, convenient and rapid method that can determine KGM content and analyze monosaccharide compositions in KGM, which will be helpful to quality assessment of Konjac refined powder.

Amorphophallus ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Glucose ; chemistry ; Mannans ; analysis ; chemistry ; Mannose ; chemistry ; Monosaccharides ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Powders ; chemistry

According to existing problems in polysaccharide determination methods in new Chinese drug applications, the method suitability, chemical reference selection, components interference and method research were introduced. The author suggests that suitable determination method should be selected according to the structure and property of the polysaccharide, and validated. Some influent factors should be examined to assure the accuracy of the method, such as the stability and using amount of the visualizing reagent, visualizing time, maximum detection wavelength etc. Monosaccharide and other water soluble components should be removed from polysaccharide sample, and suitable reference substance and detection wavelength should be selected. It should pay attention to mutual interference of neutral and acidic saccharide, and use inhibitor to eliminate the interference. Because the slopes of the standard curves are different for different monosaccharide, it is proposed that the types and ratios of the monosaccharide in heteroglycan should be understood, and mixed reference substance solution in the ratio is prepared for determination.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Monosaccharides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Research ; trends ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; trends

OBJECTIVETo evaluate injections of ginseng polysaccharide from 4 different manufacturers of 5 batches on the market.

METHODBased on quality analysis, normal examinations were investigated, and monosaccharide composition and the molecular weight of polysaccharide in ginseng injections were performed.

RESULTProducts from 4 different manufacturers were in line with the requirements of quality standard and Chinese Pharmacopeia (2010 edition). But there were great differences in molecular weight and monosaccharide composition.

CONCLUSIONIt is suggested to enhance the quality standard to ensure the medication safety use.

Calibration ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Injections ; Molecular Weight ; Monosaccharides ; analysis ; Panax ; chemistry ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; Quality Control

We purified specific 31/36 kDa antigenic molecules from sparganum in different intermediate hosts (snakes and mice) and analyzed their monosaccharide compositions. Compositional analysis showed that glucose and mannose concentrations were 2-3 fold higher in the 31/36 kDa molecule purified from snakes than those from mice. This result implies that antigenic glycoproteins of sparganum from snakes might be modified in mammalian sparganosis with respect to their carbohydrate composition.
Animals ; Antigens, Helminth/*chemistry ; Human ; Mice ; Monosaccharides/*analysis ; Snakes/parasitology ; Sparganum/immunology ; Spirometra/*immunology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

OBJECTIVETo develop HPLC methods for the determination of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-methylvisammisoide in Saposhnicovia divaricata and of HPLC fingerprint to compare the wild and culture varieties.

METHODConditions of determination: Shimadzu C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm), methanol-water (40:60) as mobile phase with the flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was 254 nm. Conditions of HPLC fingerprint: MG II C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water with the flow rate of 1 mL x min(-1), using linear gradient elution, the column temperature was 30 degrees C.

RESULTThe average recovery of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin was 99.6% (RSD 0.72%, n=6). The average recovery of 5-O-methylvisammisoide was 102.6% (RSD 0.88%, n=6). The contents of prim-o-glucosylcimifugin in wild and culture varieties were (4.96 +/- 2.59) and (3.61 +/- 1.82) mg x g(-1) respectively. The contents of 5-O-methylvisammisoide were (3.91 +/- 2.09) and (4.37 +/- 2.02) mg x g(-1) respectively. The compositions of S. divaricata were effective separated under the conditions of HPLC fingerprint.

CONCLUSIONThe HPLC determination method of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-methylvisammisoide is convenient and accurate. The HPLC fingerprint analysis method could be a basis for quality control and classification evaluate of S. divaricata.

Apiaceae ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Monosaccharides ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Quality Control ; Xanthenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification