At the present time, a kind of monitoring technology assuring highly effectual anesthesia is urgently required in the clinical practice. Electroencephalogram (EEG) assumes a dominant position in the current research of the depth detection of anesthesia. In this paper, the monitoring technique of the depth detection of anesthesia by bispectral index (BIS) is systematically showed. The bispectral index is a compound parameter which is composed of time domain, frequency domain, and high order spectral subparameters of the electroencephalograph. This nonlinear compound calculation method is worth research and is of great significance to the development of a new monitor of closed-loop control of anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; methods ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; methods

According to the basic work principle of Datex Ohmeda 7100 anesthetic machine, the calculation formula of inspiratory tidal volume is deduced in the paper. The formula is verified by clinical application. The summary how to direct the applying and maintaining anesthetic machine and its monitoring instrument by using formula is presented.
Anesthesia ; methods ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; instrumentation ; methods ; Surgical Equipment ; Tidal Volume

Humans ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; methods ; trends ; Perioperative Care ; methods ; trends

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative monitoring during carotid endarterectomy is crucial for cerebral protection. We investigated the results of carotid endarterectomy under dual monitoring with stump pressure and electroencephalography. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 50 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy between March 2010 and February 2016. We inserted a temporary shunt if the stump pressure was lower than 35 mm Hg or if any intraoperative change was observed on electroencephalography. RESULTS: Seventeen (34%) patients used a temporary shunt, and the mean stump pressure was 26.8 mm Hg in the shunt group and 46.5 mm Hg in the non-shunt group. No postoperative mortality or bleeding occurred. Postoperatively, there were 3 cases (6%) of minor stroke, all of which took place in the shunt group. A comparison of the preoperative and the intraoperative characteristics of the shunt group with those of the non-shunt group revealed no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (p <0.01). CONCLUSION: Dual monitoring with stump pressure and electroencephalography was found to be a safe and reliable monitoring method with results comparable to those obtained using single monitoring. Further study should be performed to investigate the precise role of each monitoring method.
Carotid Artery Diseases ; Electroencephalography* ; Endarterectomy, Carotid* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring ; Medical Records ; Methods ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Stroke

Many researches have proved that auditory evoked potentials (AEP) can indicate the depth of anesthesia in the clinical practice. This paper introduces two methods of extracting AEP: the moving time average (MTA) model and the autoregressive model with exogenous input (ARX). In our study we used both the MTA model and the ARX model to extract AEP and the results show that using the ARX model can get the results significantly faster than using the MTA model, and the ARX model is more suitable for the real-time monitoring of the anesthetic depth.
Anesthesia ; methods ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; physiology ; Humans ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; methods ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the value of ultrasonic monitoring in induced abortion during the first trimester.

METHODSTotally 110 healthy women with a singleton pregnancy between 9 and 11 gestational weeks were enrolled. All the procedures of induced abortion were performed routinely. Ultrasonography was performed when the procedure of induced abortion was completed. Patients with normal ultrasonographic results were assigned in the control group, while patients with abnormal ultrasonographic findings were enrolled in the study group,in which these patients underwent further operations until the ultrasonography showed clear endomembrane line. All the recurretaged tissue in the study group were sent for pathological examinations.

RESULTSOf these 110 patients, 28 (25.5%) entered study group and 82 (74.5%) entered control group. In the study group, trophoblastic cell or chorion was found in the recurretaged tissue in 11 patients (39.3%), in which 3 had trophoblastic cell embedded in smooth muscular tissue, 6 had pathologic deciduas, and 11 had pathologic secretory endometria. In this control group,1 patient (0.9%) had retained products of conception. The operation duration [(20.6∓2.1) min vs.(11.5∓3.5) min, P0.05].

CONCLUSIONSUltrasonic monitoring in induced abortion during the first trimester can decrease the incidence of retained products of conception and will not induce endometrial damage. It is especially useful for women whose fetuses were at older gestational ages.

Abortion, Induced ; methods ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; methods ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Ultrasonography

Objective: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is widely used for intraoperative cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring in patients with acute type A aortic dissection. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between NIRS-derived oxygen saturation and risk of postoperative stroke. Methods: This study included 193 patients with acute type A aortic dissection undergoing emergency surgery and elective unilateral cerebral perfusion via the right axillary artery at the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China, from 2018 to 2020. NIRS was used for intraoperative cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring, and the basal values and the lowest values of cerebral oxygen saturation during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) were recorded. The patients were divided into no-stroke group (n=178, 92.2%) and stroke group (n=15, 7.8%) according to the absence or presence of postoperative stroke. The differences in preoperative, operative and postoperative clinical differences between the two groups were compared, and the relationship between the lowest cerebral oxygen saturation value and the change in cerebral oxygen saturation value ((base-lowest)/basal) and postoperative stroke were analyzed. Results: The proportion of preoperative atrial fibrillation (6.7% vs. 0.6%, P=0.026), and the proportion of preoperative hypotension (26.7% vs. 9.0%, P=0.031) were significantly higher in the stroke group than no-stroke group. There were no differences in the surgical approach between the two groups. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time ((256.1±84.8) h vs.(217.8±58.4) h, P=0.020), postoperative mechanical ventilation time ((139.3±172.8) h vs. (35.6±45.6) h, P<0.001) were significantly longer in stroke group as compared to no-stroke group. Incidence of postoperative tracheotomy (20.0% vs. 1.1%, P<0.001), acute kidney injury (73.3% vs. 30.3%, P=0.001) and continuous renal replacement therapy (46.7% vs. 11.8%, P<0.001) as well as mortality (20.0% vs. 5.1%, P=0.022) were significantly higher in the stroke group than in non-stroke group. There was no significant difference in the basal NIRS value and the lowest NIRS value during DHCA between the two groups. Patients in the stroke group had a significantly greater intraoperative change rate of right NIRS as compared to no-stroke group (15.2%±15.7% vs. 9.2%±7.0%, P=0.006). Conclusions: NIRS is valuable for monitoring cerebral oxygen saturation during acute type A aortic dissection surgery, and the rate change of NIRS during operation correlates significantly with postoperative stroke.
Aortic Dissection/surgery* ; Humans ; Monitoring, Intraoperative/methods* ; Oxygen ; Oxygen Saturation ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods* ; Stroke

The methods for measurement of blood flow contain dilution, electro-magnetism, nuclear magnetic resonance, Doppler etc. The dilution, which includes heat dilution, 131Xe, etc., can not display the moving blood flow in real-time. The expenses of nuclear magnetic resonance expenses are very high. Electromagnetism must be used in the surgical operation. And ultrasound Doppler can not record other parameters of hemodynamics synchronously. This paper brings up a kind of blood flow measuring method with simple operating rules, dependable performance, and low cost to meet the needs in hemodynamic studies. The differential pressure between stay and fluxion points of the tube is produced in proportion to the square of velocity while fluid flows through the tube. We not only measure blood pressure or transfer drug using the detention catheter with double chamber, but also detect the differential pressure related within blood flow. The result of detecting cerebral blood flow (CBF) in clinical setting shows this method can record the diagram of dynamic blood flow and is a valid was of detecting blood flow for hemodynamic studies.
Blood Flow Velocity ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; physiology ; Equipment Design ; Hemorheology ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Monitoring, Intraoperative

Humans ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; methods ; Perioperative Care ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; nursing ; therapy

Based on Client/Server architecture, a software of automated anesthesia record system running under Windows operation system and networks has been developed and programmed with Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0, Visual Basic 6.0 and SQL Server. The system can deal with patient's information throughout the anesthesia. It can collect and integrate the data from several kinds of medical equipment such as monitor, infusion pump and anesthesia machine automatically and real-time. After that, the system presents the anesthesia sheets automatically. The record system makes the anesthesia record more accurate and integral and can raise the anesthesiologist's working efficiency.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesiology ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Medical Records Systems, Computerized ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; methods ; Operating Room Information Systems