The continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) has been clinically applied to monitor the dynamic change of the subcutaneous interstitial glucose concentration which is a function of the blood glucose level by glucose sensors. It can track blood glucose levels all day along, and thus provide comprehensive and reliable information about blood glucose dynamics. The clinical application of CGMS enables monitoring of blood glucose fluctuations and the discovery of hidden hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia that are difficult to be detected by traditional methods. As a CGMS needs to work subcutaneously for a long time, a series of factors such as biocompatibility, enzyme inactivation, oxygen deficiency, foreign body reaction, implant size, electrode flexibility, error correction, comfort, device toxicity, electrical safety, et al. should be considered beforehand. The study focused on the difficulties in the technology, and compared the products of Abbott, Medtronic and DexCom, then summarized their cutting-edge. Finally, this study expounded some key technologies in dynamic blood glucose monitoring and therefore can be utilized as a reference for the development of CGMS.
Blood Glucose ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/methods* ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Monitoring, Ambulatory/methods* ; Monitoring, Physiologic

This article introduces the present development situations and research progress on key technologies of BAN. After a review on BAN propagation channel modeling, transmission technologies and multiple accessing methods, the technical difficulties as well as the focus of study both at home and abroad are discussed. We further put forward the new appealing technologies and their practical feasibility.
Medical Informatics ; instrumentation ; methods ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; methods

Motion artifacts are a main interference source of ambulatory physiology signals. The interference in wearable detection systems is more serious because of using dry electrodes. On account of the instantaneity in motion artifacts and periodicity in physiological signal, we presented a new method based on periodic component analysis for motion artifact reduction. The single channel signal is transformed into multi-channel signal with multi resolution analysis, and then periodic component analysis can help us to separate the normal physiological signal from motion artifacts. A case study in electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrates that periodic component analysis is better than the empirical mode decomposition and adaptive filtering methods. Periodic component analysis as a time domain method can discriminate the signal with frequency aliasing, and recover the ECG waveform feature corrupted. This method can be easily extended to other physiological signal processing.
Algorithms ; Ambulatory Care ; methods ; Artifacts ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ; methods ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; methods ; Principal Component Analysis ; methods ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

According to inpatient records, data managing demand of cardiac remote monitoring network and computer, this software was designed with relative database ACCESS. Its interface, operational button and menu were designed in VBA language assistantly. Its design included collective design, amity, practicability and compatibility. Its function consisted of registering, inquiring, statisticing and printing, et al. It could be used to manage users effectively and could be helpful to exerting important action of cardiac remote monitoring network in preventing cardiac-vascular emergency ulteriorly.
Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; methods ; Remote Consultation ; methods ; Software Design ; Telemedicine ; instrumentation ; methods ; User-Computer Interface

This paper proposes a portable dual-wavelength HGB measurement system to avoid the defect that the single-wavelength HGB (Hemoglobin) admeasuring apparatus needs to measure the blank solution for comparison and correction, The system consists of constant light sources, residual, core controller based on ARM, data processing unit, LCD part and so on. Compared with the methods of single-wavelength measurement, the system is proved to be high-efficiency and can work at a high speed, and well meet the need of clinical medicine, The technology and methods adopted in the system are practical and can be extensively used.
Equipment Design ; Hemoglobinometry ; methods ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; methods ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; Software ; Software Design

A falling is a risky incident of safety and health of human. It may cause serious injuries, such as bone fracture, and even death. A falling detection method based on inclinometer is described. At first, we collect angle data recorded by a wearable inclinometer placed at subject's waist. The angular data are transmitted to PC through a wireless data transmission device. Then, the falling duration is divided into three phases: the state of fall, the impact phase, and the posture phase. We make threshold-based fall-detection decisions in every phase after feature extraction and analysis of the short-time angle data. Finally, a robust falling detection result is given by comprehensive considerations of the three phases decisions. The experiment results proved that the accuracy of our falling detection method was up to 97.23% without undetected falls.
Accidental Falls ; prevention & control ; Aged ; Algorithms ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; methods ; Posture

In order to study the way of evaluating human performance under heat and cold stresses, we developed a wearable physiological monitoring system-intelligent belt system, capable of providing real-time, continuous and dynamic monitoring of multiple physiological parameters. The system has following features: multiuser communication, high integration, strong environment adaptability, dynamic features and real time physiological monitoring ability. The system uses sensing belts and elastic belts to acquire physiological parameters, uses WIFI to build wireless network monitoring for multiuser, and uses Delphi to develop data processing software capable of real-time viewing, storagng, processing, and alerting. With four different intensity-activity trials on six subjects and compared with standard laboratory human physiological acquisition instruments, the system was proved to be able to acquire accu-rate physiological parameters such as ECG, respiration, multi-point body temperatures, and body movement. The system worked steadily and reliably. This wearable real-time monitoring system for human heat and cold stresses can solve the problem facing our country that human heat stress and cold stress monitoring technology is insufficient, provide new methods and new ways for monitoring and evaluation of human heat and cold stresses under real task or stress environment, and provide technical platform for the study on human ergonomics.
Biosensing Techniques ; methods ; Cold Temperature ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Stress, Physiological ; physiology

Utilizing the three dimensional accelerations measurement and the four-quadrant inclination switch which is developed to send an orientation warning, the fall detection method combining the impact detection and orientation prewarming is presented. And the accuracy of the fall detection is effectively improved.
Accidental Falls ; prevention & control ; Algorithms ; Equipment Design ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; methods ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

OBJECTIVE: Current clinical evidence on the effects of home blood pressure telemonitoring (HBPT) on improving blood pressure control comes entirely from developed countries. Thus, we performed this randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether HBPT plus support (patient education and clinician remote hypertension management) improves blood pressure control more than usual care (UC) in the Chinese population. METHODS: This single-center, randomized controlled study was conducted in Beijing, China. Patients aged 30-75 years were eligible for enrolment if they had blood pressure [systolic (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg; or SBP ≥ 130 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 80 mmHg with diabetes]. We recruited 190 patients randomized to either the HBPT or the UC groups for 12 weeks. The primary endpoints were blood pressure reduction and the proportion of patients achieving the target blood pressure. RESULTS: Totally, 172 patients completed the study, the HBPT plus support group ( n = 84), and the UC group ( n = 88). Patients in the plus support group showed a greater reduction in mean ambulatory blood pressure than those in the UC group. The plus support group had a significantly higher proportion of patients who achieved the target blood pressure and maintained a dipper blood pressure pattern at the 12th week of follow-up. Additionally, the patients in the plus support group showed lower blood pressure variability and higher drug adherence than those in the UC group. CONCLUSION HBPT plus additional support results in greater blood pressure reduction, better blood pressure control, a higher proportion of dipper blood pressure patterns, lower blood pressure variability, and higher drug adherence than UC. The development of telemedicine may be the cornerstone of hypertension management in primary care.
Humans ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Hypertension/therapy* ; Telemedicine/methods* ; Hypotension

This thesis is about a new technology of program-controlled telemetry for pacemakers. The system utilizes digital logic circuit design, and the program-controlled part uses single chip to control for display and debug. PWM and reflectance telemetry may improve the preciseness and correctness of signal transmission, and reduce the power consumption of pacemakers and prolong the lifetime.
Electrocardiography ; instrumentation ; methods ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Microcomputers ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; methods ; Pacemaker, Artificial ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Telemetry ; instrumentation ; methods