No abstract available.
Mongolia*

No abstract available.
Mongolia*

This paper investigates and counts the ethnic medicines of the Ewenki,Daur and Oroqen ethnic groups,which are known as the " Three Minorities" in Inner Mongolia. Through the methods of literature collection,interview investigation,and resource investigation,different ethnic medicines were collected on the main diseases,drug varieties,drug-injection sites,and drug administration methods. Through data statistics and SPSS analysis,the similarities and individual differences between the three ethnic groups were clarified. The results indicated the predicament of the current national medicine,which is helpful for the protection and inheritance of ethnic medicine.
China ; Ethnic Groups ; Ethnopharmacology ; Humans ; Mongolia

The first skin-flap procedures were performed in Mongolia by a team of Chinese doctors (Chenod, Chen) who treated children with burn injuries in the 1950s. The field of plastic surgery was further developed through assistance from the former Soviet Union and is now widely practiced by a number of surgeons around the country. In recent years, the fast evolving field of plastic surgery in Mongolia has created a need for clear and consistent system for the classification of various plastic materials. A team of Mongolian surgeons at the National Hospital for Traumatology, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Teaching Research have completed a research programme aimed at adopting a leading classification system that can facilitate effective communication between plastic surgeons. This requires the chosen system to be in line with modern trends in plastic surgery and the established international norms. As a result of extensive research and analysis, they have developed a customized version of Vasiliev's classification that focuses on formulating general principles of the description of plastic materials based on their functional characteristics. The main reason for this selection is its similarity with existing Mongolian standards as well as its principles that contain important implications for surgery.
Humans ; Mongolia ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps

Asian-lineage H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have caused continuous outbreaks in poultry and wild birds. Development of rapid and accurate diagnostic methods is needed for preventing further spread of the virus and reducing the time required for eradication of the virus. We developed a low-density microarray for the rapid detection and identification of avian influenza virus subtypes H5, H7, and H9 and their pathotypes in a previous study. In the present study, we evaluated previously developed diagnostic microarray using avian influenza viruses isolated in Mongolia, including H5 HPAI viruses. All H5 HPAI viruses isolated in Mongolia were shown as H5-specific and highly pathogenic pattern in the microarray. H2, H3 and H12 viruses isolated in Mongolia used in this study did not show any H5, H7 and H9 patterns. These results indicated that this diagnostic microarray has enormous potential for the rapid subtyping and pathotyping of influenza viruses, including viruses isolated in Mongolia.
Animals ; Birds ; Disease Outbreaks ; Influenza in Birds* ; Mongolia* ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Poultry

OBJECTIVETo understand the allele structure and genetic polymorphism at D3S1358, D13S317, D5S818 short tandem repeats (STRs) loci in Nongqu Mongolian of China, and to construct a preliminary database.

METHODSThe allele frequencies of the three STRs loci in 291 unrelated individuals from Nongqu Mongolian were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

RESULTSSix, ten, and eight alleles were observed at D3S1358, D13S317, D5S818, respectively, and all 3 loci met Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The statistical analysis of 3 STR loci showed the heterozygosity >or=0.7332, the polymorphic information content >or=0.6884; the combined discrimination power and the probabilities of paternity exclusion were 0.9991 and 0.9806 respectively.

CONCLUSIONAll three of the loci in this study were found to have high heterozygosity and polymorphic information content, so they could provide useful markers for genetic purposes. These results could serve as valuable data to enrich the Mongolian genetic database and play an important role in Chinese population genetic application.

Mongolia was conducted later than proper timing for surgery. As the results were indicated, our new technique should be considered for the correction of cleft palate in old aged patients.]]>
Aged ; Cleft Palate ; Fistula ; Humans ; Mongolia ; Palate, Hard ; Postoperative Complications

Inner Mongolia autonomous region of China and Mongolia are the primary regions where Chinese and Mongolian medicine and its medicinal plant resources are distributed. In this study, 133 families, 586 genera, and 1 497 species of medicinal plants in Inner Mongolia as well as 62 families, 261 genera, and 467 species of medicinal plants in Mongolia were collected through field investigation, specimen collection and identification, and literature research. And the species, geographic distribution, and influencing factors of the above medicinal plants were analyzed. The results revealed that there were more plant species utilized for medicinal reasons in Inner Mongolia than in Mongolia. Hotspots emerged in Hulunbuir, Chifeng, and Tongliao of Inner Mongolia, while there were several hotspots in Eastern province, Sukhbaatar province, Gobi Altai province, Bayankhongor province, Middle Gobi province, Kobdo province, South Gobi province, and Central province of Mongolia. The interplay of elevation and climate made a non-significant overall contribution to the diversity of plant types in Inner Mongolia and Mongolia. The contribution of each factor increased significantly when the vegetation types of Inner Mongolia and Mongolia were broadly divided into forest, grassland and desert. Thus, the distribution of medicinal plant resources and vegetation cover were jointly influenced by a variety of natural factors such as topography, climate and interactions between species, and these factors contributed to and constrained each other. This study provided reference for sustainable development and rational exploitation of medicinal plant resources in future.
Humans ; Plants, Medicinal ; Mongolia ; Climate ; Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; China

PURPOSE: The Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences is the only national university in Mongolia and has produced more than 90% of health professionals in the country. Experts from Mongolia and Korea embarked on a collaborative effort to develop educational programs for faculty development based on the personal and professional needs of faculty members. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of those educational programs to determine whether this transnational collaboration was successful. METHODS: A needs assessment survey was conducted among 325 faculty members. Based on the results of this survey, the joint expert team developed educational programs on seven core topics: clinical teaching, curriculum development, e-learning, item writing, medical research, organizational culture, and resident selection. Surveys evaluating the satisfaction and the attitudes of the participants were conducted for each program. RESULTS: Throughout the 17-day program, 16 experts from Korea and 14 faculty members from Mongolia participated as instructors, and a total of 309 participants attended the program. The average satisfaction score was 7.15 out of 8.0, and the attitudes of the participants towards relevant competencies significantly improved after each educational program. CONCLUSION: The faculty development programs that were developed and implemented as part of this transnational collaboration between Mongolia and Korea are expected to contribute to the further improvement of health professions education in Mongolia. Future studies are needed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of these educational programs.
Cooperative Behavior* ; Curriculum ; Education* ; Health Occupations* ; Humans ; Joints ; Korea ; Medical Writing ; Mongolia* ; Needs Assessment ; Organizational Culture

The analysis of ancient human DNA is increasingly used recently in the study of anthropology and human evolution. Although mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosomal DNA has commonly been the target in the field of human DNA study, HLA analysis of ancient human DNA is extremely rare. This study aimed to develop the PCR method of ancient human DNA for analyzing the sequence of HLA. Authors established a new method for HLA-DRB1 analysis by sequence-based typing. Alleles of HLA-DRB1 were analyzed and typed by sequencing with DNA of ancient human skeletons from Korea and Mongolia 3000-500 years ago. The types of HLA-DRB1 were determined by comparing the sequences with those of HLA database (http://www. ebi.ac.uk/Tools/blast2/nucleotide.html). The alleles of HLA-DRB1 of ancient human DNA from Korea and Mongolia were classified by types. The frequencies of HLA-DRB1 types of Mongolia were also presented according to the geography such as West, Central, East, and North. In summary, our method was successful in the analyzing the type of HLA-DRB1 from DNA of ancient human bones. Authors anticipate that many researchers could do their research in a better way to get the genetic information for the kinship analysis between individuals or communities from ancient human bones.
Alleles ; Anthropology ; DNA ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Geography ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; Humans ; Korea ; Mongolia ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skeleton