Objectives: Prospective studies on vaccination status and mortality related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in low-resource settings are still limited. We assessed the association between vaccination status (full, partial, or none) and in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients at most hospitals in Jakarta, Indonesia during the Delta predomination wave. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study among hospitalized COVID-19 patients who met the study criteria (>18 years old and admitted for inpatient treatment because of laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection). We linked individual-level data in the hospital admission database with vaccination records. Several socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were also analyzed. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to explore the association between vaccination status and in-hospital mortality in this patient group. Results: In total, 40 827 patients were included in this study. Of these, 70% were unvaccinated (n=28 543) and 19.3% (n=7882) died during hospitalization. The mean age of the patients was 49 years (range, 35-59), 53.2% were female, 22.0% had hypertension, and 14.2% were treated in the intensive care unit, and the median hospital length of stay across the group was 9 days. Our study showed that the risk of in-hospital mortality among fully and partially vaccinated patients was lower than among unvaccinated adults (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40 to 0.47 and aHR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.77, respectively). Conclusions Vaccinated patients had fewer severe outcomes among hospitalized adults during the Delta wave in Jakarta. These features should be carefully considered by healthcare professionals in treating adults within this patient group.

Introduction: Indonesia has a serious burden of cardiovascular disease, especially coronary heart disease (CHD). The prevalence of CHD has not in fact increased; however, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of CHD risk factors. Several of these occurring together could cause metabolic syndrome, whose prevalence is relatively high in Indonesia, and consequently increase the risk of CHD. This study aims to obtain the risk of CHD in patients with metabolic syndrome in Indonesia. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study with a median followed up of 6.8 years, secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) waves 4 and 5 (2007-2014), and a study population of 6,571 respondents aged 40-69 years. The Joint Interim Statement criteria were used to define metabolic syndrome, with the omission of one component. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 20%; the highest component was low HDL at 69.1%, followed by hypertension at 59.7%, and central obesity at 39.7%. The incidence of CHD was 2.72%, with an incidence rate 34per 100,000 person-years. Multivariate analysis found that the relative risk (RR) hazard ratio (HR) was 2.16 (95% CI 1.564-2.985). Conclusion: Subjects with metabolic syndrome had a two times higher risk of developing CHD, as adjusted by sex, age, smoking status, and physical activity.