This is the sccond part of the studies on the variations of the muscles of the upperextremity in the Chinese. The muscles included in this study are: M. Coraco-bachialis,M. Biceps brachii, M. Brachialis, M. Triceps brachii and M. Anconeus. The manner oftheir origin, frequency of their separation into several parts, their fusion with adjacentmuscles and the appearance of some anomalous muscles were recorded and percentagesof such variations were given.

Variations in the insertion of the M. trapezius in 50 Chinese female bodieswere studied and analyzed. It was found that the presence of the anomalousinsertion of this muscle was 22?5.86% in terms of body or 12?3.25% in termsof side. The anomalous insertion consisted of separation of a part of the mus-cular fibers which are inserted at some distance from the normal attachment. Five types have been classified according to the manner of attachmentby some authors. However, the present author failed to find "Type 3" (joiningthe M. sterno-cleido-mastoideus without clavicular insertion) in his study. The probable cause of this anomaly was discussed from the point of viewof its development.

Objective To investigate the toxicity attenuation and efficacy potentiation effects of Shiquan Dabu Tang (SDT) on high dose chemotherapy in T739 mice with bladder carcinoma. Methods Mouse bladder carcinoma tissue was inoculated subcutaneously into T739 mice to establish tumor-beating mice model. The tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into a CTX group (100, 200, 400 mg/Kg respectively), a SDT group (high or low dose respectively), a high-dose SDT combined with 200 mg/Kg CTX group and a control group. The body weight, diameter of tumor nodules and complete blood count were observed subsequently. Results Different doses of SDT could effectively inhibit tumor growth in mice. SDT + CTX treatment significantly prolonged the survival time of mice by 49.4±23.3 days (P<0.01, 0.05, 0.01), compared with high dose SDT treatment (17.4±5.77) days, 200 mg/kg CTX treatment (23±14.02) days and control group (11.75±2.06) days respectively. The peripheral platelet count increased more significantly in mice treated with SDT within a week as compared to mice without SDT treatment (P<0.05). The peripheral RBC count and liB concentration increased more significantly in mice treated with SDT for 2 weeks as compared to mice without SDT treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions SDT could enhance the anti-tumor effects of high dose CTX on tumor-bearing mice and reduce toxicity in its peripheral red blood cells. The results showed that SDT combined with high dose of CTX chemotherapy had toxicity attenuation and efficacy potentiation effects in tumor-beating T739 mice.

AIM: To investigate the significance and function of IFN-γ on the changes of peripheral blood platelet count during tumor-rejection induced by a low dose of melphalan in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS: Mouse tumor rejection model induced by a single dose of melphalan was used in this experiment. Different gene-type tumor-bearing mice (IFN-γ~(+/-) and IFN-γ~(-/-)), which had the same genetic background of C57BL/6, were treated intraperitoneally with melphalan (7.5 mg/kg). Tumor size was observed and recorded every one to three days in these different gene-type mice subsequently. Blood samples were obtained from orbital venous sinus on different days before and after melphalan treatment, and then complete blood counts were performed. The function of IFN-γ on the efficacy of chemotherapy and the changes of blood platelet count in IFN-γ~(+/-) and IFN-γ~(-/-) mice after melphalan treatment was analyzed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in tumor sizes and blood platelet count between IFN-γ~(-/-) and IFN-γ~(+/-) mice (P>0.05). On the first day after melphalan (7.5 mg/kg) treatment, there were no significant changes in tumor sizes between mice in these two groups (P>0.05). Tumors shrank a little in IFN-γ~(-/-) mice and then grew gradually. Tumors relapsed in 2 w after melphalan injection in all IFN-γ~(-/-) mice, while tumor volumes decreased progressively and tumor cured at last in IFN-γ~(+/-) mice. The number of blood PLT in IFN-γ~(+/-) mice increased to (1935±378)×10~9/L 6 h after melphalan treatment, significantly higher than before (P<0.01); While in IFN-γ~(-/-) mice it was (1183±186)×10~9/L 6 h after melphalan treatment, no obvious increase than before. There was significant difference in blood PLT 6 h after melphalan treatment between IFN-γ~(+/-) and IFN-γ~(-/-) mice (P<0.01). Later, the numbers of blood PLT in IFN-γ~(+/-) mice decreased gradually and it dropped to normal (1158±270)×10~9/L on 11th day after melphalan treatment (P>0.05); While it sustained in normal range in IFN-γ~(-/-) mice. There was no significant difference in blood platelet count between IFN-γ~(-/-) and IFN-γ~(+/-) mice. CONCLUSION: Peripheral blood platelet count increased on the first day after melphalan treatment and tumors cured in IFN-γ~(+/-) mice; While tumors relapsed and there is no increase in blood platelet count on the first day after melphalan treatment in IFN-γ~(-/-)mice. These data indicated that the increase of blood PLT count was related to the function of IFN-γ in tumor-bearing mice in vivo during tumor rejection induced by a low dose of melphalan.

Objective To investigate the expression of NLRP3 in different time point of HIBD neonatal rats and to search for critical time points and alleviate HIBD dysfunction.Methods 96 newborn rats of 7 days old were randomly divided into HIBD group(n=48) and Sham operation group(n=48).HIBD model was prepared by referring to Rice method.Brain tissue was taken after 6 h,24 h,72 h,7 d.Brain injury was detected by HE stain.The expression and distribution of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 were detected by immune fluorescence and Western blot,and IL-1β and IL-18 were detected by ELISA.Results HE staining and immunofluorescence showed that NLRP3 protein (HIBD group (0.63±0.07),Sham group(0.43±0.04)) was increased significantly since 6 h in HIBD group,and its downstream protein Caspase-1,IL-1β and IL-18 were successive activated.The results showed IL-1β (HIBD group(732.28± 108.42)pg/ml,Sham group(584.58± 36.35) pg/ml) was increased significantly since 6 h in HIBD group;Caspase-1 (HIBD group(0.67±0.09),Sham group(0.30±0.05)),IL-18 (HIBD group(683.84±31.83) pg/ml,Sham group(571.32±50.91) pg/ml) was increased significantly since 24 h in HIBD group(P＜0.05).Conclusion NLRP3 and its downstream inflammatory cytokines IL-1 β and IL-18 are up-regulated when HIBD occurs.The change of NLRP3protein expression in group HIBD is earlier than changes of neuron.NLRP3 signal may mediate and participate in the occurrence and development of HIBD.