No Abstract Available.
Clostridium* ; Molecular Typing*

Animals ; Clostridium difficile ; classification ; genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Typing ; Ribotyping

Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Molecular Biology ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; classification ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo identify and characterize the Brucella strains from Guizhou province in 2010-2013.

METHODSA total of 12 strains of Brucella suspicious bacteria were isolated in Guizhou province from 2010 to 2013. Four strains (GZLL3, GZLL4, GZLL11 and SH2) were isolated from goat blood samples and eight strains (SH4, GZZY, GZSQ, GZZA, BR13001, BR13004, BR13005 and BR13006) were isolated from blood samples of patient 12 Brucella suspicious strains were identified and characterized using conventional methods. Brucella genus specific gene BCSP31-based PCR (BCSP31-PCR) was used to identify the genus of Brucella and IS711 insert sequence-based PCR (AMOS-PCR) was applied to identify the species of Brucella strains. Goats and patients originated Brucella strains were comparatively analysed using Pulse-field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE).

RESULTSBoth of conventional methods and PCR identified the 12 Brucella suspicious strains as B. melitensis biotype 3. BCSP31-PCR identification results showed that a specific DNA bands (223 bp) were detected in all the 12 strains and positive control samples with no DNA band in negative samples. AMOS-PCR amplified a 731 bp-DNA bands in all the 12 strains, with 731 bp, 498 bp and 275 bp in M5, S2 and A19 strains, respectively, and no DNA band was detected in the negative control samples. PFGE analysis showed that 12 Brucella isolates from patients and goats showed consistent PFGE patterns with the digestion of restriction enzyme Xba I.

CONCLUSIONThe epidemic species/type of Brucella in both human and animal in Guizhou province was B. melitensis biotype 3 and goat was the main animal source of infection of brucellosis in Guizhou province.

Animals ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Brucella ; classification ; Brucellosis ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA, Bacterial ; Goats ; Humans ; Molecular Typing ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

BACKGROUND: In the year 1996, there were some outbreaks of Salmonella typhi infection in Pusan and therefore, the incidence of S. typhi infection was markedly increased in comparison with the previous year. To differentiate the isolates epidemiologically, a random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) fingerprinting method has been developed. METHODS: A total of 9 arbitrary primers were screened with S. typhi strains isolated in Pusan, 1996. This allowed selection of a panel of primers capable of detecting DNA polymorphisms among S. typhi isolates. This panel was used to examine 54 strains of S. typhi, which had been isolated in Pusan including the cases of outbreaks that was previously characterized by phage typing. RESULTS: Four single primers and one combination of two primers were selected to discriminate the S. typhi isolates. RAPD analysis resolved the 54 strains into 20 different subtypes. At least two outbreaks were found by RAPD analysis. The isolates of E1 phage type, which are the most common in Korea, were perfectly differentiated with each other, except the strains isolated within the outbreaks. CONCLUSION: The RAPD approach is the useful epidemiologic tool to S. typhi subtyping, which is providing high discriminatory power. There were at least two outbreaks when the epidemic Salmonella infections of Pusan in 1996 had been occurred. The primers or their comb ination capable to discriminate the S. typhi isolates were described.
Animals ; Bacteriophage Typing ; Bacteriophages ; Busan ; Comb and Wattles ; Dermatoglyphics ; Disease Outbreaks ; DNA* ; Incidence ; Korea ; Molecular Typing* ; Salmonella Infections ; Salmonella typhi* ; Salmonella*

Acute Disease ; Adenovirus Infections, Human ; Child ; Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Molecular Typing ; Respiratory Tract Infections

Traditional identification of fungi is based on their gross morphology and microscopic findings. It takes a long time and needs experience and sometimes it is difficult because their morphology may change. Nucleic acid detection methods such as PCR have become a common tool for microbial identification and diagnosis. Molecular typing techniques provide information to detect their infection routes. They are fast, sensitive, and reproducible. Pure DNA, the targets, and methods are important for good results. There are lots of techniques like sequencing, RFLP, RAPD, and hybridization. Each method has its advantage and limitation, and proper selection is essential. In clinical application, careful consideration will reduce errors. There is a limited number of reports about cutaneous fungal infection. We review the molecular methods for fungal identification and typing, and discuss the advantages and limitations of the methods.
Diagnosis ; DNA ; DNA, Ribosomal ; Fungi ; Molecular Biology* ; Molecular Typing ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

The molecular genetics of colorectal cancers (CRCs) is among the best understood of common human cancers. It is difficult to predict the prognosis and/or to predict chemoresponding in CRC patients. At present, prognosis is based predominantly on the tumor stage and pathological examination of the disease. Molecular classification of CRCs, based on genomics and transcriptomics, proposed that CRCs can be classified into at least three-to-six subtypes, depending on the gene expression pattern, and groups of marker genes representing to each subtype have also been reported. Gene expression-based subtyping is now widely accepted as a relevant source of disease stratification. We reviewed the previous studies on CRC subtyping, international consortium dedicated to large-scale data sharing and analytics recently established four consensus molecular subtypes with distinguishing features. Predictive markers identified in these studies are under investigation and large-scale clinical evaluations of molecular markers are currently in progress.
Classification* ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Consensus ; Gene Expression ; Genomics ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Molecular Biology ; Molecular Medicine ; Molecular Typing ; Prognosis

DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Typing ; Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B ; classification ; genetics

In order to investigate pathogenic genes and genetic relationships of Y. pseudotuberculosis strains, We isolated 9 strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis from 380 spring water sites in Seoul from 2000 to 2003. All isolates were distributed to the northeast area in Seoul. The isloates were analyzed for chromosomal virulence gene (inv) and plasmid-borne genes (yadA and lcrF) using PCR to assume pathogenicity. As a result, all isolates were positive for the inv gene, but only five isolates (55.6%) were positive for the yadA and lcrF genes. RAPD and PCR-ribotyping were tested and all isolates were grouped with 90% similarity. RAPD revealed 4 clusters and PCR-ribotyping revealed 2 clusters. The result of this experiments confirmed the view that RAPD had better powerful discrimination than PCR-ribotyping and RAPD typing was effective to distinguish between various strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis from spring water.
Discrimination (Psychology) ; Molecular Typing* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seoul* ; Virulence ; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis* ; Yersinia*