Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Pathology, Molecular ; Precision Medicine

The development of an effective classification method for human health conditions is essential for precise diagnosis and delivery of tailored therapy to individuals. Contemporary classification of disease systems has properties that limit its information content and usability. Chinese medicine pattern classification has been incorporated with disease classification, and this integrated classification method became more precise because of the increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms. However, we are still facing the complexity of diseases and patterns in the classification of health conditions. With continuing advances in omics methodologies and instrumentation, we are proposing a new classification approach: molecular module classification, which is applying molecular modules to classifying human health status. The initiative would be precisely defining the health status, providing accurate diagnoses, optimizing the therapeutics and improving new drug discovery strategy. Therefore, there would be no current disease diagnosis, no disease pattern classification, and in the future, a new medicine based on this classification, molecular module medicine, could redefine health statuses and reshape the clinical practice.
Disease ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Molecular Medicine

No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus* ; Insulin* ; Molecular Medicine*

Traditionally tumors were classified based on anatomic location but now specific genetic mutations in cancers are leading to treatment of tumors with molecular targeted therapies. This has led to a paradigm shift in the classification and treatment of cancer. Tumors treated with molecular targeted therapies often show morphological changes rather than change in size and are associated with class specific and drug specific toxicities, different from those encountered with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. It is important for the radiologists to be familiar with the new cancer classification and the various treatment strategies employed, in order to effectively communicate and participate in the multi-disciplinary care. In this paper we will focus on lung cancer as a prototype of the new molecular classification.
Adenocarcinoma ; Classification* ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Precision Medicine*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of molecular imprinting phenomena of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) on basic theories of TCMs according to current situations of molecular imprinting technology and experimental studies.

METHODFundamental principles of molecular imprinting theory were followed to analyze the material basis for TCM molecules to generate the imprinting phenomena, in order to find other material basis with more direct efficacy in line with the requirements of basic theories and modernization of TCMs.

RESULTCompared with single-component structures, TCMs and their compound components could create super-molecular compounds through complexation, composition, chelation, inclusion, neutralization, self-assembly and chemical reaction. The material basis of TCMs was super-molecular compounds including single ingredients, and there was an inter-molecule imprinting phenomenon. Therefore, special attention should be paid to inter-super-molecule imprinting actions in studies on TCM property, quality control, processing, drug preparation and pharmacology. The compatibility of TCM compounds could significantly change the action.

CONCLUSIONThe material basis of TCMs is super-molecular compounds based on single molecular groups. Super-molecules and molecular groups act rules, which is another difference between TCM compounds and single molecular drugs.

Humans ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; Pathology, Molecular ; methods ; Precision Medicine

Based on the features of molecular pharmacognosy subjects, this paper analyzed and induced three features of the curriculum, basic contents and learning methods of it for the need of under-graduate or post-graduate students study. The future development of the molecular pharmacognosy was also introduced in this paper. It was aimed to make the students clear about the subject of molecular pharmacognosy on the whole and spread it in teaching.
Curriculum ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Molecular Biology ; education ; Pharmacognosy ; education

Cathepsin S is a cysteine protease which is closely related to autoimmune diseases,psoriasis and other diseases. In this study,we used virtual screening method to screen compounds,which from the natural product library of traditional Chinese medicine,with potential inhibitory effect on cathepsin S. The work involved in study on inhibitory mechanism of representative compounds,then analysis of the distribution of these compounds in traditional Chinese medicine and the correlation with disease,so as to provide a new drug research and data-base for cathepsin S. The complex crystal structure of cathepsin S,2FQ9,was used to establish the pharmacophore model of cathepsin S inhibitor,and the best pharmacophore model was selected. As a result,fifty compounds were selected from TCMD database. After molecular docking,65 potential inhibitors were identified. Potential inhibitors can produce multiple intermolecular interactions with targets,resulting in inhibition. There are 58 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines which include 65 natural inhibitors. Data collection and analysis of the nature,flavor xing,channel entry and modern pharmacological effects of these traditional Chinese medicines showed that most of them were related to the biological activity of cathepsin S,which supported the validity of the screening results. Cathepsin S has a certain correlation with autoimmune diseases and can be used as a target for further study of traditional Chinese medicine.
Cathepsins ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Molecular Docking Simulation

Molecular imaging is leading an important role in the era of molecular medicine. Optical imaging, a rising star in the filed of molecular imaging, largely consists of fluorescent imaging and bioluminescent imaging. In the fluorescence imaging, an illuminating light excites fluorescent reporters in the living subject, and a charged coupled device (CCD) camera collects an emission light of shifted wavelength. In the bioluminescent imaging, reporter genes code for the luciferase that is responsible for fireflies' glow. After the injection of the substrate iuciferin, animals carrying the luciferase gene are imaged with a supersensitive CCD camera to pick up the small number of photons transmitted through tissues. It has been shown that well aimed and creatively built reporters let researchers explore and answer a lot of biologically important questions in living subjects. Despite its relatively short history, optical imaging is rapidly being implemented in various clinical areas as well as research fields.
Animals ; Genes, Reporter ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Luciferases ; Molecular Imaging* ; Molecular Medicine ; Optical Imaging* ; Photons

Molecular imaging is leading an important role in the era of molecular medicine. Optical imaging, a rising star in the filed of molecular imaging, largely consists of bioluminescent imaging and fluorescent imaging. It has been shown that well-aimed and creatively-built optical-imaging-reporters let researchers explore and answer a lot of biologically important questions in living subjects. Despite relatively short history, molecular optical imaging is rapidly being implemented not only in many clinical areas but also in various research fields from tracking gene expression, protein-protein interaction or migrating cells to molecular diagnosis and treatment.
Diagnosis ; Gene Expression ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Molecular Imaging ; Molecular Medicine ; Neurosciences* ; Optical Imaging*