Clinical and preclinical in vivo immune cell imaging approaches have been used to study immune cell proliferation, apoptosis and interaction at the microscopic (intra-vital imaging) and macroscopic (whole-body imaging) level by use of ex vivo or in vivo labeling method. A series of imaging techniques ranging from non-radiation based techniques such as optical imaging, MRI, and ultrasound to radiation based CT/nuclear imaging can be used for in vivo immune cell tracking. These imaging modalities highlight the intrinsic behavior of different immune cell populations in physiological context. Fluorescent, radioactive or paramagnetic probes can be used in direct labeling protocols to monitor the specific cell population. Reporter genes can also be used for genetic, indirect labeling protocols to track the fate of a given cell subpopulation in vivo. In this review, we summarized several methods dealing with dendritic cell, macrophage, and T lymphocyte specifically labeled for different macroscopic wholebody imaging techniques both for the study of their physiological function and in the context of immunotherapy to exploit imaging-derived information and immune-based treatments.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Tracking ; Dendritic Cells ; Genes, Reporter ; Immunotherapy ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Molecular Imaging ; Optical Imaging ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Track and Field

Clinical and preclinical in vivo immune cell imaging approaches have been used to study immune cell proliferation, apoptosis and interaction at the microscopic (intra-vital imaging) and macroscopic (whole-body imaging) level by use of ex vivo or in vivo labeling method. A series of imaging techniques ranging from non-radiation based techniques such as optical imaging, MRI, and ultrasound to radiation based CT/nuclear imaging can be used for in vivo immune cell tracking. These imaging modalities highlight the intrinsic behavior of different immune cell populations in physiological context. Fluorescent, radioactive or paramagnetic probes can be used in direct labeling protocols to monitor the specific cell population. Reporter genes can also be used for genetic, indirect labeling protocols to track the fate of a given cell subpopulation in vivo. In this review, we summarized several methods dealing with dendritic cell, macrophage, and T lymphocyte specifically labeled for different macroscopic wholebody imaging techniques both for the study of their physiological function and in the context of immunotherapy to exploit imaging-derived information and immune-based treatments.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Tracking ; Dendritic Cells ; Genes, Reporter ; Immunotherapy ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Molecular Imaging ; Optical Imaging ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Track and Field

No abstract available.
Molecular Imaging

Molecular Imaging could understanding disease or state the disease processes from the physiology and the biochemistry level. Not only it can improve the capability of disease diagnosis, but also it can discover the disease from molecule level. It's the real method of early diagnosis and preemptive therapy. Because of it's development and capacity, molecular imaging will be the development direction of Medical imageology, and lead to the biomedical model revolution.
Diagnostic Imaging ; Molecular Imaging

In this paper the concept of molecular imaging is introduced, and its importance is addressed. Besides, the key points of molecular imaging are briefly reviewed from a view of engineering. Particular emphasis is given to the analysis of the function and the position of traditional medical imaging modalities in the era of molecular imaging. Finally a discussion is made for the further development of medical imaging modalities along the line of molecular imaging.
Diagnostic Imaging ; methods ; Molecular Imaging

No abstract available.
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal* ; Molecular Imaging*

No abstract available.
Genetic Therapy* ; Molecular Imaging*

Medical molecular imaging not only promotes the development of medical imaging, but also pushes research progress of life science and benefits the amalgamation of multi-subjects in medical imaging. This editorial overviews the history and development trends of medical molecular imaging.
Humans ; Molecular Imaging ; trends

Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a new medical imaging tool, which was born at the beginning of the 21st century. Compared with traditional imaging techniques, the preliminary research indicates that MPI shows higher sensitivity, resolution and imaging speed. This article presents the principle of MPI, its recent development from three different perspectives is introduced.
Diagnostic Imaging ; Magnetic Phenomena ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Molecular Imaging

Nanobodies are derived from the variable domain of the heavy-chain antibodies (HCAbs) that occur naturally in the serum of camels. Using nanobody-based probes, several imaging techniques such as radionuclide-based, optical and ultrasound have been employed for visualization of target expression in various disease models. Combined with application and clinical data of nanobody in molecular imaging in recent years, this paper introduces its application in the diagnosis of diseases and the future development as a novel molecular imaging tool.
Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains ; Molecular Imaging ; methods ; Molecular Probes ; Nanotechnology