1.Human Microsporidiosis In Malaysia: Review Of Literatures
Nurul Shazalina Zainudin ; Siti Nur Su’aidah Nasarudin ; Norhayati Moktar ; Aishah Hani Azil ; Emelia Osman
Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 2017;17(2):9-18
The purpose of this study is to review the literature on microsporidiosis in various high-risk groups among the Malaysian population, i.e., HIV/AIDS, cancer, hospitalised patients and Orang Asli, and to update information with regards to microsporidia prevalence, diagnosis and association of the disease with gastrointestinal symptoms in Malaysia. Hospitalised patients showed the highest prevalence (28.3%) of microsporidiosis compared to other risk groups. This review did not find any direct correlations between gastrointestinal symptoms and microsporidiosis. Since microsporidiosis is an emerging threat to the high-risk groups, greater awareness should be instilled among clinicians to consider microsporidiosis in their differential diagnosis if no other causes can be defined.
3.UKM Medical Graduates’ Perception of their Communication Skills during Housemanship
Abdus Salam ; Ahmad Faizal Mohd Perdaus ; Siti Harnida Md Isa ; ZulkifliZainuddin ; Azian Abdul Latiff ; Ng Soon Pheng ; ; Zauyah Yusuf ; Ima Nirwana Soelaiman ; Nabishah Mohamad ; Norhayati Moktar
Medicine and Health 2008;3(1):54-58
The art of talking to patients and their relatives does not come naturally to most of us and
the ability to put oneself in the patients’ predicament is difficult particularly for the young
doctors. To identify the communication abilities of the young doctors, a cross sectional
study was carried out on 32 house officers who graduated from UKM in 2004 during their
house jobs at different hospitals in Malaysia. A standardized questionnaire was used to
collect the data. Fifty nine percent respondents claimed that they had communicated very
well with patients while 69% with support staff and 88% with peers. On the other hand 38%
and 41% of the respondents claimed they communicated very well with their superiors and
families of patients. Only 22% of the graduates’ skills of communication in breaking bad
news were very well, while 50% and 81% were very well in counselling patients and taking consent for procedures. Curriculum planners need to emphasize the importance of
developing good communication skills in all aspects for the future doctors.
4.Cat Flea Infestation in a Hospital: A Case Report.
Muthupalaniappen LEELAVATHI ; Moktar NORHAYATI ; Yin Yin LEE
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2012;50(1):79-82
Cat flea bite in humans results in extremely pruritic skin lesions. It has been reported to occur among those living in domiciliary accommodation. However, nosocomial infestation with cat flea has not been reported. We hereby report a case of nosocomial infestation of cat flea in a hospital facility. Identification of the parasite, its appropriate eradication, and adequate medical management of the patients resulted in a satisfactory outcome.
Adult
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Animals
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Bites and Stings/diagnosis/*parasitology
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Cross Infection/diagnosis/*parasitology
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Ctenocephalides/*physiology
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Female
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Flea Infestations/diagnosis/*parasitology
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Humans
5.Different Clinical Outcomes of Entamoeba histolytica in Malaysia: Does Genetic Diversity Exist?.
Tengku Shahrul ANUAR ; Hesham M AL-MEKHLAFI ; Mohamed Kamel ABDUL GHANI ; Siti Nor AZREEN ; Fatmah Md SALLEH ; Nuraffini GHAZALI ; Mekadina BERNADUS ; Norhayati MOKTAR
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2013;51(2):231-236
The present study was conducted to investigate the clinical outcomes of Entamoeba histolytica infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic Orang Asli (aborigine) communities in Malaysia. Examination was performed on 500 stool samples obtained from Orang Asli communities in 3 different states using formalin-ether concentration, trichrome staining, and single-round PCR techniques. Out of 500 stool samples, single infection of E. histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, and Entamoeba moshkovskii was identified in 3.2%, 13.4%, and 1%, respectively. In addition, 10 samples had mixed infections with E. histolytica and E. dispar. Six samples containing E. dispar were also positive for E. moshkovskii, and only 2 samples had E. histolytica in association with E. dispar and E. moshkovskii. Seventeen E. histolytica-positive samples were from symptomatic subjects, whereas the remaining 11 samples came from asymptomatic subjects. These findings suggest a predominant distribution of pathogenic potential of E. histolytica strains in this community. Therefore, further studies on genotyping of E. histolytica is required, to find out association between E. histolytica genotype and the outcome of the infection.
Adolescent
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Adult
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Asymptomatic Diseases
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Child
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Child, Preschool
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Coinfection/parasitology/pathology
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Entamoeba/*classification/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity
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Entamoebiasis/parasitology/*pathology
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Feces/parasitology
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Female
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*Genetic Variation
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Humans
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Malaysia
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Treatment Outcome
6. Prevalence and risk factors of Blastocystis infection among underprivileged communities in rural Malaysia
Nabilah Amelia MOHAMMAD ; Tengku Shahrul ANUAR ; Hesham M. AL-MEKHLAFI ; Hesham M. AL-MEKHLAFI ; Norhayati MOKTAR ; Tengku Shahrul ANUAR
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017;10(5):491-497
Objectives To determine the prevalence and risk factors of Blastocystis among underprivileged communities living in rural Malaysia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 253 participants aged between 1 and 85 years. Stool samples were examined using Wheatley's trichrome stain after in-vitro cultivation in Jones' medium to detect the presence of Blastocystis. Information pertaining to the demography, socioeconomic and environment were collected using pre-validated questionnaires. Results The total prevalence of Blastocystis infection was 40.7%. The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≥15 years (OR = 2.72; 95% CI = 1.47–5.04) and presence of infected family members (OR = 8.56; 95% CI = 4.47–16.38) were the significant risk factors associated with blastocystosis in these communities. Conclusions Blastocystosis is revealed through this study to be still prevalent among Orang Asli communities in rural Malaysia. The two main approaches that should be implemented by the public health authority in battling this infection would be the screening of other family members and giving treatment to the infected individuals. Moreover, it is imperative for health education on good personal and food hygiene practices are provided in order to reduce the morbidity and transmission of Blastocystis infection among the Orang Asli in their communities meaningfully.
7. Trichomonas vaginalis infection in a low-risk women attended in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre
Norhayati MOKTAR ; Nor Liyana ISMAIL ; Phoy Cheng CHUN ; Mohamad Asyrab SAPIE ; Nor Farahin ABDUL KAHAR ; Yusof SUBOH ; Noraina ABDUL RAHIM ; Nor Azlin MOHAMED ISMAIL ; Tengku Shahrul ANUAR
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016;6(8):702-705
Objective To investigate the presence of trichomoniasis among women attending the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre. Methods A total of 139 high vaginal swabs were taken from the subjects and sent to the laboratory in Amies gel transport media. The specimens were examined for the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis using wet mount, Giemsa staining and cultured in Diamond's medium. Sociodemographic characteristics and gynaecological complaints were obtained in private using structured questionnaire applied by one investigator. Results The median age was 32 years, with an interquartile interval of 9.96. Most of the subjects were Malays (76.9%) and the remaining were Chinese (15.1%), Indians (2.2%) and other ethnic groups (5.8%). One hundred and thirty eight (99.3%) of the women were married and 98.6% had less than 6 children. More than half (75.5%) of the women's last child birth was less than 6 years ago. Forty seven percent of them were involved in supporting administrative work and 64.7% of the women gave a history of previous or current vaginal discharge. Conclusions The present study reported zero incidence rate of trichomoniasis. The low incidence rate was postulated due to all women who participated in this study were categorized into a low-risk group.
8. Impact of seasonality on the prevalence and risk factors of Giardia lamblia infections among the aborigines
Samseh Abdullah NORADILAH ; Norhayati MOKTAR ; Ii Li LEE ; Fatmah Md SALLEH ; Tengku Shahrul ANUAR ; Tengku Shahrul ANUAR
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019;12(7):315-320
Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of Giardia (G.) lamblia infections among the aboriginal community during the wet and dry seasons. Methods: A total of 473 stool samples from the aborigines in Temerloh, Pahang, Malaysia were collected during wet (n=256) and dry seasons (n=217). Smear of all the PVA-preserved stool samples were subjected to Trichrome staining and microscopic examination under 1 000 x magnification (Nikon eclipse E100) for the detection of G. lamblia. Positivity was recorded based on the presence of G. lamblia in trophozoite and/or cyst forms. Results: The prevalence of giardiasis was 12.10% and 8.29% during the wet and dry season, respectively. Age of less or equal to 15 years old and presence of other family members with G. lamblia infection were found to be the significant risk factors to acquire G. lamblia infections during both seasons. Untreated water supply was the significant risk factor of giardiasis during the dry season. This study highlighted the possibility of anthroponotic transmission of G. lamblia during both seasons and waterborne transmission during the dry season in the aboriginal community. Conclusions: This study suggests that seasonal variation plays an important role in the prevalence and risk factor of G. lamblia infection in the aboriginal community. Therefore, close contact with Giardia-infected family members and water-related activities or usage of untreated water must be avoided to reduce the burden of G. lamblia infection in this community.