1.The Global Landscape of Domestic Violence against Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review
Priya Dharishini KUNASAGRAN ; Khalid MOKTI ; Mohd Yusof IBRAHIM ; Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul RAHIM ; Freddie ROBINSON ; Adora J MUYOU ; Sheila Miriam MUJIN ; Nabihah ALI ; Gary Goh Chun CHAO ; Rudi NASIB ; Abraham Chiu En LOONG ; Nachia Banu Abdul RAHIM ; Mohd Hafizuddin AHMAD ; Prabakaran Solomon DHANARAJ ; Pathman ARUMUGAM ; Jamilah YUSOFF
Korean Journal of Family Medicine 2024;45(1):3-11
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to an alarming increase in domestic violence against women owing to lockdown measures and limited access to support services. This article provides insights into the global prevalence of domestic violence, barriers to seeking help, its impact on women and children, and the best practices implemented worldwide. Domestic violence encompasses various forms of abuse; many young women experience partner violence. Barriers to seeking help include fear, financial constraints, lack of awareness of available services, and distrust among stakeholders. The consequences of domestic violence affect the mental health of both mothers and children. Countries have increased shelter funding and developed innovative protocols to reach survivors and address this issue. However, the healthcare sector’s involvement in addressing domestic violence has been limited. This review advocates collaboration among healthcare institutions and government bodies. Key recommendations include utilizing telehealth services, implementing comprehensive training programs, establishing effective referral systems, enhancing health education, developing a domestic violence registry, improving the responses of law enforcement and justice systems through healthcare integration, promoting data sharing, and conducting further research. Healthcare systems should recognize domestic violence as a public health concern and detect, prevent, and intervene in cases to support survivors.
2.Comorbidities and clinical features related to severe outcomes among COVID-19 cases in Selangor, Malaysia
Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani ; Shubash Shander Ganapathy ; Chong Zhuo Lin ; Halizah Mat Rifin ; Mohammad Nazaruddin Bahari ; Muhammad Haikal Ghazali ; Noor Aliza Lodz ; Muhammad Hafizuddin Taufik Ramli ; Nur Liana Ab Majid ; Jane Ling Miaw Yn ; Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff ; Noor Ani Ahmad ; Anita Suleiman ; Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff ; Venugopalan Balan ; Sha&rsquo ; ari Ngadiman
Western Pacific Surveillance and Response 2021;12(1):46-52
Background: Pre-existing comorbidities can predict severe disease requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission among COVID-19 cases. We compared comorbidities, clinical features and other predictive factors between COVID-19 patients requiring ICU admission for intubation/mechanical ventilation and all other COVID-19 cases in Selangor, Malaysia.
Methods: Field data collected during the COVID-19 outbreak in Selangor, Malaysia, up to 13 April 2020 were used, comprising socio-demographic characteristics, comorbidities and presenting symptoms of COVID-19 cases. ICU admission was determined from medical records. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with ICU admission requiring intubation/mechanical ventilation among COVID-19 cases.
Results: A total of 1287 COVID-19-positive cases were included for analysis. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (15.5%) and diabetes (11.0%). More than one third of cases presented with fever (43.8%) or cough (37.1%). Of the 25 cases that required intubation/mechanical ventilation, 68.0% had hypertension, 88.0% had fever, 40.0% had dyspnoea and 44.0% were lethargic. Multivariate regression showed that cases that required intubation/mechanical ventilation had significantly higher odds of being older (aged 360 years) [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.9] and having hypertension (aOR = 5.7), fever (aOR = 9.8), dyspnoea (aOR = 9.6) or lethargy (aOR = 7.9) than cases that did not require intubation/mechanical ventilation.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 cases in Selangor, Malaysia requiring intubation/mechanical ventilation were significantly older, with a higher proportion of hypertension and symptoms of fever, dyspnoea and lethargy. These risk factors have been reported previously for severe COVID-19 cases, and highlight the role that ageing and underlying comorbidities play in severe outcomes to respiratory disease.