Horseshoe kidney is an uncommon anomaly of the urinary system with an increased risk of injury during penetrating and blunt abdominal traumas. Self-inflicted abdominal stab wound, a rare type of abdominal injury, accounts for only a small percentage of suicidal attempts and may be infrequently encountered by physicians in trauma centers. Psychiatric disorders and alcohol or drug abuse are common risk factors in cases of self-stabbing. Here we report a rare case of self-stabbing of a horseshoe kidney. The case was a 19-year-old man with self-inflicted abdominal stab wound who was referred to our department of radiology due to re-occurred gross hematuria three days after exploratory laparotomy and surgical repair of injured abdominal organs. A horseshoe kidney was incidentally found in the patient's abdominal computed tomography. Renal angiography revealed active contrast extravasation from one of the segmental arteries. Selective transarterial embolization with a coil was successfully performed to control the hematuria.
Abdominal Injuries ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Fused Kidney ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Kidney ; injuries ; Wounds, Stab

OBJECTIVES: Tuberculin skin reaction size is one indicator of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine efficacy and a way to diagnose latent infection. Several primary studies have examined this issue. Combining the results of these studies using a meta-analysis will provide reliable evidence regarding this indicator for policymakers. This study aimed to estimate the total frequency of different tuberculin skin test reactions among Iranian children and teenagers who received the BCG vaccination at birth. METHODS: National and international databanks were searched using relevant keywords. After the search strategy was restricted and duplicates were excluded, the titles and abstracts of the remaining papers were screened. All included studies included healthy children who received the BCG vaccine without confirmed tuberculosis exposure. Heterogeneity of the results was assessed using the Cochrane test and I² index showed the random effects model as the best model for estimating the pooled results. RESULTS: We combined the results of 14 primary studies including purified protein derivative reaction test measures of 26,281 Iranian children. The frequencies (95% confidence intervals) of the reactions were 8.5% (6.2–10.8) for patients with a reaction size ≥ 10 mm, 29.9% (22.3–37.4) for a reaction size of 5–9 mm, and 60% (48.9–71.1) for a reaction size < 5 mm. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that large numbers of Iranian children and teens have no positive BCG vaccine reaction and a considerable number of children have been exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Adolescent* ; Bacillus* ; BCG Vaccine ; Child* ; Humans ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Parturition* ; Population Characteristics ; Skin Tests* ; Skin* ; Tuberculin* ; Tuberculosis ; Vaccination*