Although several studies have assessed the influence of the glycemic index on body weight and blood pressure among adults, limited evidence exists for the pediatric age population. In the current study, we compared the effects of low glycemic index (LGI) diet to the healthy nutritional recommendation (HNR)-based diet on obesity and blood pressure among adolescent girls in pubertal ages. This 10-week parallel randomized clinical trial comprised of 50 overweight or obese and sexually mature girls less than 18 years of age years, who were randomly assigned to LGI or HNR-based diet. Macronutrient distribution was equivalently prescribed in both groups. Blood pressure, weight and waist circumference were measured at baseline and after intervention. Of the 50 participants, 41 subjects (include 82%) completed the study. The GI of the diet in the LGI group was 42.67 +/- 0.067. A within-group analysis illustrated that in comparison to the baseline values, the body weight and body mass index (not waist circumference and blood pressure) decreased significantly after the intervention in both groups (P = 0.0001). The percent changes of the body weight status, waist circumference and blood pressure were compared between the two groups and the findings did not show any difference between the LGI diet consumers and those in the HNR group. In comparison to the HNR, LGI diet could not change the weight and blood pressure following a 10-week intervention. Further longitudinal studies with a long-term follow up should be conducted in this regard.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Diet ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glycemic Index ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Waist Circumference

Pycnogenol is a standardized extract from the bark of the French maritime pine. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to clarify the effect of Pycnogenol supplementation on C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration. To identify eligible studies in order to find clinical trials which examined the effect of Pycnogenol supplementation on the level of CRP in adult participants, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were systematically searched until December 2017. Mean of CRP was collected to estimate the effect size of the supplementation. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analysis. Five trials including 324 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled effect size showed significant effect of Pycnogenol supplementation on CRP (−1.22 mg/dL, 95% confidence interval, −2.43, −0.003; I2 = 99%, pheterogeneity < 0.001). When the meta-analysis was subgrouped by dose of Pycnogenol, heterogeneity was attenuated in > 150 mg/d category (I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.42). There was significant difference between-subgroup heterogeneity (p < 0.001). Furthermore, no evidence of publication bias for CRP (p = 0.27, Begg's test and p = 0.62, Egger's test) was seen. Present systematic review and meta-analysis suggested Pycnogenol consumption can decrease the level of CRP and have anti-inflammatory effect. So, Pycnogenol as an anti-inflammatory agent might be a priority in interventions. Further studies with large-scale and better design are needed to confirm this result.
Adult ; C-Reactive Protein* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Plasma* ; Population Characteristics ; Publication Bias

Pickle is consumed in high amount among Iranians. Pickle consumption may be related to body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) but limited evidence exist in this regard. The aim of current study was to determine the association between pickle consumption and risk of overweight, central obesity and BP among Isfahanian female youths. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 289 female students aged 18–27 years randomly selected from students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Diet was assessed by a validated and reliable food-frequency questionnaire. Mean pickle consumption was 15.1 ± 2.2 g/day. Individuals in the highest tertile of pickle consumption had a significantly higher BMI, systolic and diastolic BP (p = 0.001, 0.03, and 0.03, respectively), whereas we did not observe significant association for waist circumference (p = 0.21). Total energy intake (p = 0.02) and consumption of carbohydrate (p = 0.01), protein (p = 0.03), and fat (p = 0.05) in the upper tertile was higher than lower tertiles. There was a significant association between pickle consumption and obesity and BP among Iranian female youths. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm this association.
Adolescent ; Blood Pressure* ; Body Mass Index* ; Cross-Sectional Studies* ; Diet ; Energy Intake ; Female* ; Humans ; Iran ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Overweight ; Prospective Studies ; Waist Circumference