Telemedicine is described as combination of topics from the fields of telecommunication, medicine, and information and literally telemedicine means medicine at a distance. In this study, we present a web based real-time telemedicine application(WEBRETA) that was designed for patients who needs diagnosis on the Internet. The WEBRETA system is supporting transmitting of MPEG-4 video format(640*480)that was appropriate for Internet and designed with ActiveX controls technology that is also suitable for telecommunication link such as ADSL, VDSL and Cable modem which are very popular communication link in Korea. To improve the reliability and the usefulness of this prototype we involved the PSNR method and subjective score measuring from doctors. Futhermore, we will evaluate the WEBRETA with various communication network environment to improve how this system can contribute the diagnosis of patients and to analysis.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Internet ; Korea ; Modems ; Telecommunications ; Telemedicine*

In the complexity and diversity of modem society, there is an urgent need for an information system which can systematically collect, manage and analyze data. The purpose of this paper is to find the relationship between traits of medical and non-medical staffs with indicators of computer-related effectiveness. In order to fulfill this purpose, dependent and independent variables are extracted from previous findings, and hypotheses are formulated. To test these hypotheses we carried out field research. The sample size which we studied is 203 employees of a general hospital in Taegu. Some of the meaningful findings of this study are as follows: The educational level has a positive relationship with computer usage time. And the attitude about computers has a positive relationship with degrees of satisfaction. Nurses' group especially has the most positive relationship with degrees of satisfaction, and physicians' group, resident doctors' group, pharmacologists' group, non-medicals' group(administrative etc.) are ranked in order of satisfaction.
Daegu ; Empirical Research* ; Hospitals, General ; Information Systems ; Modems ; Sample Size

We developed the Tele-PACS of radiology, which uses the communication network as asymmetric satellite data communication system. The asymmetric satellite data communication system uses receive-only satellite links for data delivery and PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network) modem or N-ISDN(Narrow-band Integrate Services Digital Network) for communication. The satellite communication linking we implemented showed the very high-speed performance compared to the terrestrial linking such as 28.8 kbps modem linking or 56Kbps linking. The satellite linking was 5-10 times faster than the terrestrial linking on the average. We developed the down-link system of satellite and the medical collaborative tools and the Web-based Image-viewer. We concluded that 1) Satellite networking is currently the cheapest and fastest solution for internet access. 2) Web-based Image-Viewer enables small size hospitals in rural area to connect to the central PACS easily and to retrieve the image data reliably. 3) The suggested teleradiology system using satellite networking could be adequate to the fast telemedicine and telecare for rural hospitals especially located in geographically isolated areas such as islands.
Hospitals, Rural ; Internet ; Islands ; Modems ; Satellite Communications ; Telemedicine ; Telephone ; Teleradiology

We developed the Tele-PACS of radiology, which uses the communication network as asymmetric satellite data communication system. The asymmetric satellite data communication system uses receive-only satellite links for data delivery and PSTN(Public Switched Telephone Network) modem or N-ISDN(Narrow-band Integrate Services Digital Network) for communication. The satellite communication linking we implemented showed the very high-speed performance compared to the terrestrial linking such as 28.8 kbps modem linking or 56Kbps linking. The satellite linking was 5-10 times faster than the terrestrial linking on the average. We developed the down-link system of satellite and the medical collaborative tools and the Web-based Image-viewer. We concluded that 1) Satellite networking is currently the cheapest and fastest solution for internet access. 2) Web-based Image-Viewer enables small size hospitals in rural area to connect to the central PACS easily and to retrieve the image data reliably. 3) The suggested teleradiology system using satellite networking could be adequate to the fast telemedicine and telecare for rural hospitals especially located in geographically isolated areas such as islands.
Hospitals, Rural ; Internet ; Islands ; Modems ; Satellite Communications ; Telemedicine ; Telephone ; Teleradiology

This study was to develop the home care nursing network system for low income and vulnerable health people by utilizing wire- wireless network and mobile computing in order to record and send patients' data in real time, and connect the headquarter office and four local community health centers. The methods were the Method/1 and Prototyping were adopted to develop the main network system. Results were: 1) home care nursing standard guidelines for Diabetes, cancer and peritoneal-dialysis, dementia/mental disorder, and chronic arthritis were added in 12 domains of nursing problem field with nursing assessment/intervention algorithms. 2) upgrading PDA system by utilizing the machinery and tools where the PDA and the data transmission modem are integrated, CDMX - 1X base construction in order to reduce a transmission hour and the transmission failure.
Arthritis ; Community Health Centers ; Home Care Services* ; Modems ; Nursing*

The prevalence for the development of dementia is about 10% and 20% in people over the age of 65 and 80, respectively. Underlying causes for its development are various. With the progress of modem medicine, the mean survival age is dramatically increased and for the consequence, greater number of people suffer from dementia. According to the postmortem studies, 70% of the dementia patients were of the Alzheimer's type. In recent times, active research on the relationship between the Alzheimer's disease and the neurochemical changes is being conducted and much progress has been made. In addition to the consistant deficiency of cholinergic system, abnormal ities in noradrenergic and GABAergic systems and reductions of somatostatin have been reported. In the same areas of brain of patients who suffered from Alxheimer's disease where these changes of neurotransmitters were found, there were massive accumulation of aluminium. Therefore, this review discusses the specific changes of various neurotransmitters in the brain and the potential therapeutic agents in Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Brain ; Dementia ; Humans ; Modems ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Prevalence ; Somatostatin

In modem medical industries as in others, it has been emphasized by many experts such as Dr. Mayer and Dr. Donabedean that there should be quality assurance activities applying statistical knowledges in the processes of medical management and medical staff themselves for the better medical care and customer satisfaction. Three of our quality assurance programs for the purpose of shortening the treatment time In the department of emergency medicine in Keimyung University, Dong-San Medical Center had been carried out during the period of June 94 through December 95. Our methodology was mainly the process emphasized ; finding the causes of delaying factors in various processes related to the works of nurses, doctors, laboratory services, radiology services etc. in the emergency room, holding various meetings among the related groups with genuine discussions, notifying the new results in each step, encouraging the positive ones and also applying the new leadership technics. During the period of June 94 through December 95(for 1.5 years), the average E.R. patient treatment time from registrations to dispositions had been reduced by about 2 hours (from 5 hours 3 minutes to 2 hours 5 minutes) and its variations among the different specialities had been narrowed down to significant degree (p<0.05) revealing the preprogram base line standard deviation of 2.43 to 1.28 in post program through continuous quality assurance programs. It was also noted that the successful results of Q/A program have been closely related to the fact that the process should be designed and redesigned repeatly as needed and that all the participants related were actively involved in the planning and redesigning processes.
Emergency Medicine ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Leadership ; Medical Staff ; Modems

As information communication technology developed we could check our blood pressure, pulsation, electrocardiogram, saturation of arterial oxygen (Sa02) and serologic chemical tests easily at home. It is possible though interlocking the house medical instrument with the wireless public data network. Data from patients can be transmitted to the distant hospital and will be essentially applied through wireless public data network. In this study we measured electrocardiogram (ECG) for the telemetry. We put the EGG function into the movable device and add 900MHz band wireless public data interface, through which patients could record EGG and keep the data at home. We used wireless network modem and NCL (Native Gontrol Language) protocol to contact through wireless network, and 8CR (Standard Context Routing) protocol in the networkto connect to the wired host computer. The host computer checks the recorded individual EGG data and then sends the correspondant reply to the movable device. The study suggests the medical transmit system model utilized by the wireless public data network. The suggestion in the study of telemetry system provides movement and preservation. And it will exam the health condition in distance or at home.
Blood Pressure ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Modems ; Ovum ; Oxygen ; Telemetry*

Recently, renal traumas caused by traffic and industrial accidents have risen sharply due to rapid industrialization and an increase in automobiles. Renal traumas in such a modem industrialized era show different aspects compared with those in the past. We reviewed the charts and x-ray films of the 80 patients who had been hospitalized due to renal trauma during the period January 1988 to June 1993 to examine the causes and the extents of trauma, methods of imaging study, their treatments and results. According to the review, the ratio of men to woman was 66:14. with 46 cases in the active 21 to 50 age group. By cause, traffic accidents comprised 41 cases or 51.3%, falls marked 20 cases, followed by 16 cases of assault and 3 cases of stab injury. 5 patients died among the 28 cases suffering serious renal trauma associated with multiple injuries, for a high mortality rate of 19%. The reason for this high rate was that the degree of multiple injuries with renal trauma was most severe in traffic accidents and falls. We are of the opinion that close and prompt cooperation with other associated medical departments is mandatory in order to reduce morbidity and mortality caused by multiple injury.
Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Automobiles ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Modems ; Mortality ; Multiple Trauma ; X-Ray Film

In the complexity and diversity of modem society, there is an urgent need for an information system which can systematically collect, manage and analyze data. Especially in the discipline of Nursing, a nursing information system is necessary to maximize nursing resources and improve nursing care in the present system which is faced with increases in client needs and multiple changes in recent hospital environment. This research was done to provide a basis for the development of nursing information system, which was extracted from an analysis of the demand of nurses and other medicine staffs in the general wards excluding the special unit(ER, OR, CSR, etc.). The ward nursing information system was analysed through analysis of nursing practice related to recordings, such as the work book, work list, kardex, other nursing practice recording on 24 wards, and open questionnaire of 288 nurses. Through this process, only four subsystems of output material for nursing practice were described in this study; (1) order communication system in nursing, (2) ward management system in nursing, (3) census reporting system in nursing, (4) materials management system.
Censuses ; Information Systems* ; Modems ; Nursing Care ; Nursing* ; Patients' Rooms ; Surveys and Questionnaires