PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explain a structural model of posttraumatic growth among psychiatric nurses based on existing models and a literature review and verify its effectiveness.METHODS: Data were collected from psychiatric nurses in one special city, four metropolitan cities, and three regional cities from February to March 2016. Exogenous variables included hardiness and distress perception, while endogenous variables included self-disclosure, social support, deliberate rumination, and posttraumatic growth. Data from 489 psychiatric nurses were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0 and AMOS 20.0.RESULTS: The modified model was a good fit for the data. Tests on significance of the pathways of the modified model showed that nine of the 14 paths were supported, and the explanatory power of posttraumatic growth by included variables in the model was 69.2%. For posttraumatic growth among psychiatric nurses, deliberate rumination had a direct effect as the variable that had the largest influence. Indirect effects were found in the order of hardiness, social support, and distress perception. Self-disclosure showed both direct and indirect effects.CONCLUSION: A strategy to improve deliberate rumination is necessary when seeking to improve posttraumatic growth among psychiatric nurses. Enhancing psychiatric nurses' hardiness before trauma would enable them to actively express negative emotions after trauma, allowing them to receive more social support. This would improve deliberate rumination and consequently help promote psychological growth among psychiatric nurses who have experienced trauma.
Models, Structural ; Psychiatric Nursing

PURPOSE: This study was designed to identify a path model that anticipates the interpersonal competence of nurses by anticipating factors that explain interpersonal competence within an organization, and analyzing the effects of these factors. A hypothetical model was formulated based on a literature review of interpersonal competence. For the study, influential factors were divided into two variables: exogenous variables including communication style, coaching leadership, and social support, and endogenous variables of self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. METHODS: The sample included 202 hospital nurses. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. RESULTS: The overall fitness was good (chi2=74.707, p<.001), d.f=19, chi2/df= 3.932, GFI=.940, AGFI=.826, RMR=.009). Social support, self-efficacy, horizontal communication and organizational commitment directly affected the interpersonal competence of the nurses, and informal type of communication, horizontal, upward communication and coaching leadership indirectly effected the interpersonal competence of the nurses. Horizontal communication, social support, self-efficacy, and organizational commitment explained 46.5% of the variance in interpersonal competence of nurses. CONCLUSION: Based on the study results, nurses in hospitals need informal types of communication, horizontal, upward communication and coaching leadership to increase their interpersonal competence.
Job Satisfaction ; Leadership ; Mental Competency* ; Models, Structural*

PURPOSE: This study was designed to construct a model which explains the career management, career plateau and career satisfaction of the factors influencing the career commitment of nurses. METHOD: The data collection was conducted from Aug. 24, 2009 to Sep. 22, 2009 through self-reported questionaries. Participants were 441 nurses who had worked in 2 national university hospitals, 1 university hospitals, and 1 hospitals founded by business enterprises. The data was analyzed by SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 15.0 for structural model. RESULTS: Career commitment was directly impacted by career management, career plateau, career satisfaction. The predictable variables of the hypothetical model explained 28.4% of career commitment. Career commitment was significantly influenced by career management, career plateau, career satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The results of study suggest that some strategies are needed which focus on career management, career plateau and career satisfaction in order to promote the nurse's career commitment.
Commerce ; Data Collection ; Hospitals, University ; Models, Structural

This study examined those problems noticed under the Asymptotically Generalized Least Squares estimator in evaluating a structural model of physical health. The problems were highly correlated parameter estimates and high standard errors of some parameter estimates. Separate analyses of the endogenous part of the model and of the metric of a latent factor revealed a highly skewed a kurtotic measurement indicator as the focal point of the manifested problems. Since the sample sizes are far below that needed to produce adequate AGLS estimates in the given modeling conditions, the adequacy of the Maximum Likelihood estimator is further examined with the robust statistics and the bootstrap method. These methods demonstrated that the ML methods were unbiased and statistical decisions based upon the ML standard errors remained almost the same, Suggestions are made for future studies adopting structural equation modeling technique in terms of selecting a reference indicator and adopting those statistics corrected for normality.
Least-Squares Analysis* ; Models, Structural ; Sample Size

OBJECTIVE: To empirically investigate the relationship of internal and external customer satisfactions, service quality, and customer loyalty in medical services. METHODS: This essay proposes an integrated model to explain the causality of internal and external customer satisfactions, service quality, and customer loyalty. To this end, a structural model was developed, consisting of the following factors: internal and external customer satisfactions, service quality, and customer loyalty. The study included 214 sets of data, with 107 sets being collected for both out-patients and in-patients. The data were analyzed using AMOS 4.0. RESULTS: We found the greater the internal customer satisfaction, the greater the out-patient quality of service quality. Secondly, the greater the service quality, the greater the external customer satisfaction of both in- and out-patients. The service quality of doctors, compared to that of the nurses, had a greater effect on external customer satisfaction. Thirdly, the service quality of doctors and nurses affected both internal and external customer satisfactions, which ultimately affected the customer loyalty. Finally the greater the external customer satisfaction, the greater the customer loyalty. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the positive relationship among the internal and external customer satisfactions, service quality, and customer loyalty, which proves the doctors quality of service is the primary factor for external satisfaction, and customer loyalty relating to medical services.
Humans ; Models, Structural ; Outpatients ; Quality of Health Care

PURPOSE: This study was performed to examine predictors of allied health science students' exercise behavior using Pender's Health Promotion Model. METHOD: The subjects were 203 university students majoring in nursing, emergency medical service, and exercise prescription. The hypothetical model was based on the HPM(Pender, 1996). Exogenous variables of the model were exercise habit and role belief. Endogenous variables were exercise-related affect, exercise self-efficacy, exercise barrier, exercise intention, and exercise behavior. The data were analyzed by SAS PC program and LISREL 8.12 program. RESULT: The degree of exercise behavior was low(mean 1.86, range 1~4). The overall fit of the model to the data was acceptable. Exercise habit, exercise self-efficacy and exercise-related affect were significant predictors of exercise intention and exercise behavior. CONCLUSION: This study shows the necessity of the program to increase the level of exercise participation of university students majoring in allied health science. The model constructed in this study is applicable to explain exercise behavior of university students majoring in allied health science, and suggests that we should focus on exercise habit, exercise self- efficacy and exercise-related affect to increase the level of exercise behavior of this group.
Emergency Nursing ; Health Promotion* ; Humans ; Intention ; Models, Structural ; Prescriptions

PURPOSE: This study aimed to present and test a structural model for describing and predicting the factors affecting subjective career satisfaction of nurses experiencing rotation and to develop human resources management strategies for promoting their career satisfaction related to rotation. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 233 nurses by convenience sampling who had over 1 year of career experience and who had experienced rotation at least once at G university hospital. Data were collected from August to September in 2016 using self-reported questionnaires. The exogenous variables consisted of rotation perception and rotation stress. Endogenous variables consisted of career growth opportunity, work engagement, and subjective career satisfaction. A hypothetical model was tested by asymptotically distribution-free estimates, and model goodness of fit was examined using absolute fit, incremental fit measures. RESULTS: The final model was approved and had suitable fit. We found that subjective career satisfaction was directly affected by rotation stress (β=.20, p=.019) and work engagement (β=.58, p<.001), indirectly affected by rotation perception (β=.43, p<.001) through career growth opportunity and work engagement. However, there was no total effect of rotation stress on subjective career satisfaction (β=−.09, p=.270). Career growth opportunity directly and indirectly affected subjective career satisfaction (β=.29, p<.001; β=.28, p<.001). These variables accounted for 65% of subjective career satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to establish systematic and planned criteria for rotation so that nurses can grow and develop through sustained work and become satisfied with their career.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Models, Structural ; Stress, Psychological

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among the health concern, health practice and health status of Koreans. This study utilized the data from Korean individuals(1,304 male and 1,495 females), whose ages were between 20 and 59. The data were analyzed using SAS version 6.04 and LISREL version 7.13. The analytic methods for the study were chi-square analysis and covariance structural analysis. The results of the study were as follows. (1) There were significant positive relationships between health concern level and health practice index, and between health practice index and self-perceived health status. (2)There were negative relationships between practice index and chronic illness, and between health practice index and acute illness only in female. (3) Based on the findings, the structural model of the health concern, health practice, health status and socioeconomic variables was established and then the covariance structural analysis was used. The higher educational level and economic status were, the higher the health concern was. And urban residents were much more concerned with their health than rural residents. The more persons were concerned with health, the more they did health practices. And the more the health practice was, the higher the health status was. The younger the persons were and the higher the health status of one's family was, the higher the health status was. In female, the higher the economic status was, the higher the health status was.
Chronic Disease ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Structural*

PURPOSE: In this study an exploration was done of the quality of lives of patients with schizophrenia in South Korea and factors related to quality of life, and to develop a model that predicts the quality of their lives. METHODS: The participants were 225 patients with schizophrenia, aged 18 and above, residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Province. Collected data was analyzed using SAS 9.3 and AMOS 18.0. RESULTS: Social support and psychological well-being were the two factors that most affected the quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Symptoms, empowerment, and internalized stigma were not found to influence the quality of the patients' lives. However, symptoms, social support, empowerment, internalized stigma affected the patients' psychological well-being, and psychological well-being was identified as an influential variable for quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, symptoms, social support, empowerment, and internalized stigma are influential to the patients' quality of lives through psychological well-being. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the quality of life in patients with schizophrenia should be examined through the variable of psychological well-being as many variables related to the patients' quality of life affect psychological well-being.
Humans ; Korea ; Models, Structural ; Power (Psychology) ; Quality of Life* ; Schizophrenia* ; Seoul

PURPOSE: This study was designed to construct a structural model for explaining model health-related quality of life in acquired people with physical disabilities. METHOD: The hypothetical model of this study was consisted of 6 latent variables and 14 observed variables. Exogenous variables included in this model were physical status and economical level. Endogenous variables were social attitudes, family function, self-esteem, and health-related quality of life. Data were collected from 226 acquired people with physical disabilities residing in Seoul and Kyunggi-do from January to February, 2005. The collected data were analyzed using SAS 8.2 version and LISREL 8.32 version program. RESULTS: The results of the fitness test of the modified model were follow as; chi-square=67.479 (df=50, p=.05), GFI= .959, AGFI=.914, SRMR=.049, NFI=.961, NNFI=.979, CN=249.244. Health-related quality of life was influenced directly by physical status, economic level, and social attitudes and accounted for 88.8% of the variance by these factors. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that physical status is the most significant effect on health-related quality of life, and social attitudes and economic level are important factors having influences on health- related quality of life. Therefore improving physical status and economic level, and modifying negative attitudes are necessary to increase health-related quality of life of acquired people with acquired physical disabilities.
Disabled Persons ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Models, Structural ; Quality of Life* ; Seoul