The neurology profession was established after the completed liberation of the North of Vietnam. The psychological and neurological department of Bach Mai hospital was established in the 2 nd December 1956, currently the psychological and neurological faculty of Hanoi medical University also was founded. Up to now, the neurology profession has been undergoing over 40 years of the development and has surpassing progressed both proffession level, facilities and the human resource
Neurology ; Models, Psychological

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the impacts of job stress and job embeddedness on presenteeism among container terminal workers. METHODS: The participants were 299 workers at the S Harbor in P City. Data were collected from April 22 to June 5, 2015. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé's test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and logistic regression. RESULTS: These workers on presenteeism were affected by the department of work, annual pay, and exercise of more than 30 minutes per day, revealing a statistically significant difference according to these variables. In other words, when job stress was high, job embeddedness was less, the extent of work impairment was higher, and in turn perceived productivity was lower. Work impairment was 3.11 times higher in workers with above-average job stress than those with lower job stress. Perceived productivity was 2.31 times higher in workers with above-average job embeddedness than those with lower job embeddedness. CONCLUSION: To reduce work impairment and increase productivity among container terminal workers, it is necessary to decrease their job stress, to increase their job embeddedness, and especially to do exercise for more than 30 minutes a day.
Career Mobility ; Efficiency ; Logistic Models ; Stress, Psychological

OBJECTIVES: Cognitive psychological models propose that auditory hallucinations arise from a problem with monitoring one's auditory verbal imagery. Most auditory hallucinations are derogatory in content and accompany negative emotions. If auditory verbal imagery plays an critical role in the pathogenesis of auditory hallucination, it must be influenced by negative emotions. This study was aimed at understanding the influence of negative emotions on the development of hallucinations by investigating the way by which negative emotions have influence on cortical activity induced by auditory verbal imagery. METHODS: For both normal subjects and patients with schizophrenia, quantitative electroencephalography(Q-EEG) was applied during the auditory verbal imagery tasks using a two word list. The one word list accompanied negative emotion and the other accompanied neutral emotions. The difference of EEG activity between two tasks was compared by paired t-test. WE also compare the difference of the influence of negative emotions between normal subjects and patients with schizophrenia. RESULTS: In normal subjects, amplitude of beta wave was increased in temporal area such as TCP1, and, the amplitude of theta frequency wave was decreased in right hemisphere such as FP2, F4, C4, CP2, P4, But, in the schizophrenia group, there were no significant differences. CONCLUSION: These results may suggest that auditory verbal imagery with negative emotion requires more activation in left temporal area, but, appropriate activation may not achieved in schizophenia patients. So, the possibility that the resultant disturbance of verbal self monitoring may be related to auditory hallucination is suggested in this study.
Electroencephalography ; Hallucinations ; Humans ; Models, Psychological ; Schizophrenia*

PURPOSE: There is growing interest in synthesizing qualitative research. Stroke is a very common cause of disability often leaving stroke survivors dependent on their family. This study reports an interpretive review of research into subjective experience of families with stroke survivors based on the components of the Double ABCX Model including stressors, resources, perception, coping strategies, and adaptation of these families. METHODS: Metasynthesis was applied to review qualitative research looking at stroke family members' experiences and responses to having a stroke survivor as a family member. Electronic database from 1990 to 2013 were searched and 18 separate studies were identified. Each study was evaluated using methodological criteria to provide a context for interpretation of substantive findings. Principal findings were extracted and synthesized under the Double ABCX Model elements. RESULTS: Loss of independence and uncertainty (as stressors), struggling with new phase of life (as perception), refocusing time and energy on elements of recovery process (as coping strategy), combined resources including personal, internal and external family support (as resources), and striking a balance (as adaptation) were identified as main categories. Family members of stroke survivor respond cognitively and practically and attempt to keep a balance between survivor's and their own everyday lives. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study are in conformity with the tenets of the Double ABCX Model. Family adaptation is a dynamic process and the present study findings provide rich information on proper assessment and intervention to the practitioners working with families of stroke survivors.
*Adaptation, Psychological ; Family/*psychology ; Humans ; *Models, Psychological ; Qualitative Research ; *Stress, Psychological ; Stroke/*psychology

Under the assumption that people go through stages in making dietary behavior change, this study was attempted to apply the stages of a change model for fat intake by examining the associations of social psychological variables with stages of change in dietary fat reduction. Derived from social psychological theories, 10 social psychological variables on motivational beliefs(6), social influence(3) and self-efficacy(1) related specifically to selecting every day diets low in fat were constructed. Fat and energy intakes were assessed by a short form semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The associations of stages of change with motivational beliefs, social influence, and self-efficacy variables and energy and fat intakes were assessed in 333 female adults from large cities in Korea. Dietary stage groups differed significantly on most of the social psychological variables in ways predicted by theory. Motivational factors that lead to a psychological state of readiness to take action were important in the early stages of the dietary change process. Social influences were more important in the stages as people decide to take action. Self efficacy and motivational beliefs, particularly, reduction of perceived barriers were important in maintaining fat reduction behavior. The results of our study indicate differences in stages of change in fat reduction behavior in terms of nutrient intakes and social psychological correlates and suggests that adding a time dimension to social psychological models increases our understanding of dietary change, which assist us in designing nutrition education interventions that are more appropriately targeted by stage of change.
Adult* ; Diet ; Dietary Fats ; Education ; Female* ; Humans ; Korea ; Models, Psychological ; Psychological Theory ; Self Efficacy ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parental stress, social support, and coping behavior on burnout among mothers caring for children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: Participants in this cross-sectional, descriptive study were 185 mothers who completed a self-report structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation and multiple linear regression analyses with IBM SPSS Win 22 program. RESULTS: Parental stress and coping behavior were strong predictors of burnout among mothers of children with cerebral palsy. These variables explained 50.0% of the variance in burnout. Social support was not a predictor of burnout. A higher level of burnout was associated with higher levels of parental stress and lower levels of social support and coping behavior. CONCLUSION: Mothers of children with cerebral palsy are vulnerable to burnout. These results show that effective strategies for reducing parental stress and improving positive coping behavior are needed to reduce burnout in these mothers.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Cerebral Palsy* ; Child* ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Mothers* ; Parenting ; Parents ; Stress, Psychological

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to obtain a clearer understanding of spirituality and examine the process of spirituality through defining the meaning and attributes of spirituality. METHOD: Concept analysis was done in the three phases, theoretical phase, fieldwork phase, and analytical phase suggested in the Hybrid Model. Five people participated in the fieldwork phase. RESULTS: Spirituality is activated through self-awareness which occurs as spirit being activated through self-introspection, and through restoration of the relationship with Supreme Being. This interconnectedness with Supreme Being has an absolute impact on one's harmonious interconnectedness with self and neighbors, thus leads all the critical attributes of spirituality to be revealed. The core energy of this harmonious interconnectedness is love. When activated, it has a great impact on an individual as integrative energy, leads one to go beyond everyday experience as well as to have new perspectives, and to live a satisfactory life in every aspect. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that promotion of connectedness is the most important element in spiritual nursing interventions. The results can also be used effectively in developing spirituality assessment scales and theory.
*Spirituality ; *Models, Psychological ; *Mind-Body Relations (Metaphysics) ; Korea ; Humans

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify the emotional labor and workplace violence status among toll collectors by assessing and comparing the same with that in workers in other service occupation. It also aimed to analyze the relationship between emotional labor and workplace violence. METHODS: This study examined emotional labor and workplace violence status in 264 female toll collectors from August 20 to September 4, 2015. The emotional labor was assessed using the Korean Emotional Labor Scale (K-ELS), and a questionnaire was used to examine the presence or absence, and type and frequency of workplace violence experienced by the subjects. A linear regression analysis was also performed to analyze the relationship between workplace violence and emotional labor. RESULTS: The scores on “emotional demanding and regulation (p < 0.001),”“overload and conflict in customer service (p = 0.005),”“emotional disharmony and hurt (p < 0.001),” and “organizational surveillance and monitoring (p < 0.001)” among the sub-categories of emotional labor were significantly high and indicated “at-risk” levels of emotional labor in those who experienced workplace violence, whereas they were “normal” of emotional labor in those who did not. Even after being adjusted in the linear regression analysis, the emotional labor scores for the above 4 sub-categories were still significantly high in those who experienced workplace violence. On comparing the present scores with 13 other service occupations, it was found that toll collectors had the highest level in “emotional disharmony and hurt,”“organizational surveillance and monitoring,” and “organizational supportive and protective system”. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that the toll collectors engaged in a high level of emotional labor. Additionally, there was a significant relationship between emotional labor and the experience of workplace violence among the toll collectors.
Female ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Occupations ; Stress, Psychological ; Workplace Violence*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to present and test a structural model for describing and predicting the factors affecting subjective career satisfaction of nurses experiencing rotation and to develop human resources management strategies for promoting their career satisfaction related to rotation. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 233 nurses by convenience sampling who had over 1 year of career experience and who had experienced rotation at least once at G university hospital. Data were collected from August to September in 2016 using self-reported questionnaires. The exogenous variables consisted of rotation perception and rotation stress. Endogenous variables consisted of career growth opportunity, work engagement, and subjective career satisfaction. A hypothetical model was tested by asymptotically distribution-free estimates, and model goodness of fit was examined using absolute fit, incremental fit measures. RESULTS: The final model was approved and had suitable fit. We found that subjective career satisfaction was directly affected by rotation stress (β=.20, p=.019) and work engagement (β=.58, p<.001), indirectly affected by rotation perception (β=.43, p<.001) through career growth opportunity and work engagement. However, there was no total effect of rotation stress on subjective career satisfaction (β=−.09, p=.270). Career growth opportunity directly and indirectly affected subjective career satisfaction (β=.29, p<.001; β=.28, p<.001). These variables accounted for 65% of subjective career satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to establish systematic and planned criteria for rotation so that nurses can grow and develop through sustained work and become satisfied with their career.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Models, Structural ; Stress, Psychological

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between job stress and the common cold which is one of the most common infectious disease. METHODS: A KOSS (Korean Occupational Stress Scale)-based questionnaire survey was conducted targeting 6,699 workers, of which 4,637 questionnaires were returned and the data for 237 were excluded due to poor response and having pulmonary disease other than common cold. Consequently, 4,400 (65.7%) returned questionnaires were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression analysis and multiple linear regression, adjusted for daily life stress, confounding variables and both, were used to evaluate the relationship between job stress and the common cold. RESULTS: After adjustment for confounding variables and daily life stress, most of the subscales of job stress contributed to an increased risk of common cold. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that job stress may play a significant role in increasing the risk of the common cold and that further preventive efforts and studies are needed to reduce job stress and address infectious disease caused by job stress among Korean employees.
Common Cold ; Communicable Diseases ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Linear Models ; Logistic Models ; Lung Diseases ; Questionnaires ; Stress, Psychological