No abstract available.
Depression* ; Moclobemide*

In January 1988, district medical insurance plan was executed on a national scale in Korea. We conducted an evaluation of the impact of execution of district medical insurance plan on number of hospital patients: number of outpatients; and occupancy rate. This study was carried out by Box-Jenkins time series analysis. We tested the statistical significance with intervention component added to ARIMA model. Results of our time series analysis showed that district medical insurance plan had a significant effect on the number of outpatients and occupancy rate. Due to this plan the number of outpatients had increased by 925 patients every month which is equivalent to 8.3 percents of average monthly insurance outpatients in 1987, and occupancy rate had also increased by 0.12 which is equivalent to 16 percents of that in 1987.
Humans ; Insurance* ; Korea ; Moclobemide ; Outpatients

The main objective of this case study is to develop demand forecasting model for drug inventory control in a university hospital. This study is based on the pertinent records during the period of January 1975 to August 1981 in the pharmacy and stock departments of the hospital. Through the analysis of the above records the author made some major findings as follows: 1. In A.B.C. classification, the biggest demand(A class) consists of 9 items which include 6 items of antibiotics. 2. Demand forecasting level of an index or discrepancy in A class drug compared with real demand for 6 months is average 30.4% by X-11 Arima method and 84.6% by Winter's method respectively. 3. After the correcting by the number of bed, demand forecasting of drug compared with real demand for 6 months is average 23.1% by X-11 Arima method and 46.6% by Winter's method respectively.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Classification ; Forecasting* ; Moclobemide ; Pharmacy

The objective of this study was to provide basic reference data for stabilization scheme of medical insurance benefits through forecasting of the medical care utilization rate, the medical expense per case, and the treatment days per case in medical insurance program for government employees and private school teachers and for industrial workers. For the achievement of above objective, this study was carried out by Bos-Jenkins time series analysis (ARIMA Model), using monthly statistical data from Jan. 1979 to Dec. 1989, of medical insurance program for government employees and private school teachers and for industrial workers. The results are as follows; ARIMA model of the medical care utilization rate in medical insurance program for government employees and private school teachers was ARIMA (1, 1, 1) and it for outpatient in medical insurance program for industrial workers was ARIMA (1, 1, 1), while it for inpatient in medical insurance program for industrial workers was ARIMA (1, 0, 1). ARIMA model of the medical expense per case in medical insurance program for government employees and private school teachers and for outpatient in medical insurance program for industrial workers were ARIMA (1, 1, 0), while it for inpatient in medical insurance program for industrial workers was ARIMA (1, 0, 1). ARIMA model of the treatment days per case of both medical insurance program for government employees and private school teachers and industrial workers were ARIMA (1, 1, 1). Forecasting value of the medical care utilization rate for inpatient in medical insurance program for government employees and private school teachers was 0.0061 at dec. 1989, 0.0066 at dec. 1994 and it for outpatient was 0.280 at dec. 1989, 0.294 at dec. 1994, while it for inpatient in medical insurance program for industrial workers was 0.0052 at dec. 1989, 0.0056 at dec. 1994 and it for outpatient was 0.203 at dec. 1989, 0.215 at 1994. Forecasting value of the medical expense per case for inpatient in medical insurance program for government employees and private school teachers was 332,751 at dec. 1989, 354,511 at dec. 1994 and it for outpatient was 11,925 at dec. 1989, 12,904 at dec. 1994, while it for inpatient in medical insurance program for industrial workers was 281,835 at dec. 1989, 293,973 at dec. 1994 and it for outpatient was 11,599 at dec. 1989, 11,585 at 1994. Forecasting value of the treatment days per case for inpatient in medical insurance program for government employees and private school teachers was 13.79 at dec. 1989, 13.85 at dec. 1994 and it for outpatient was 5.03 at dec. 1989, 5.00 at dec. 1994, while it for inpatient in medical insurance program for industrial workers was 12.23 at dec. 1989, 12.85 at dec. 1994 and it for outpatient was 4.61 at dec. 1989, 4.60 at 1994.
Forecasting ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Insurance Benefits ; Insurance* ; Moclobemide* ; Outpatients

PURPOSES: The authors derived two forecasting models which can be used as objective tools for detecting epidemics and predicting the future frequencies of communicable diseases. METHODS: In this study, regression analysis using trigonometric functions, Box and Jenkins's seasonal ARIMA model were applied to the monthly accumulated data of five nationally notifiable communicable diseases from January 1987 to December 1998 in Korea. RESULTS: Between two forecasting models, seasonal ARIMA model gives more precise predicted frequencies than regression model in the neighborhood of the current time points and future time, but the regression model is better in overall agreement between the predicted and observed frequencies during 7 years(1992-1998). CONCLUSIONS: These forecasting models can be usefully applied in deciding and carrying out a national policy in preventing epidemics in the future, and graphic program is much helpful to understand the present status of disease occurrence.
Communicable Diseases* ; Forecasting* ; Korea* ; Moclobemide ; Residence Characteristics ; Seasons

OBJECTIVE: With respect to the pharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorder (SAD), it has been suggested that treatment duration is an important factor that can significantly predict responses. The present study aimed to compare the treatment adherence of SAD patients who were taking either SSRIs or reversible inhibitors of MAO-A (moclobemide) by measuring treatment duration and all-cause discontinuation rates of pharmacotherapy in a natural clinical setting. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed the data of 172 patients diagnosed with SAD. Depending on their medication, we divided the patients into two groups, SSRI (n=54) or moclobemide (n=118). The expected number of all-cause discontinuation every 2 weeks after starting treatment was calculated by life table survival methods. A multi-variable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to analyze the potential influence of explanatory variables. RESULTS: Treatment duration was significantly longer in the SSRI group [46.41+/-56.96, median=12.0 (weeks)] than in the moclobemide group [25.53+/-34.74, median=12.0 (weeks), Z=2.352, p=0.019]. Overall, all-cause discontinuation rates were significantly lower with SSRIs (81%) than moclobemide (96%, chi2=4.532, p=0.033). CONCLUSION: The SSRI group had a longer treatment duration and lower all-cause discontinuation rate than moclobemide. Further, only the type of medication had a significant effect on all-cause discontinuation rates and therefore, we could predict better treatment adherence with the SSRIs in the treatment of SAD.
Anxiety ; Anxiety Disorders ; Humans ; Life Tables ; Moclobemide ; Monoamine Oxidase ; Retrospective Studies ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors

PURPOSE: We aimed to develop and validate a prediction model for the number of patients visiting emergency departments. METHODS: Enrolled patients were from eleven regional emergency departments (EDs) (level-1) that inputted information on emergency patients into the National Emergency Department Information System since 2004. We developed the automated regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA)-based prediction model using a dataset covering 2005 to 2007. To validate the prediction model, we performed Bland-Altman plot analysis for a new dataset, that of 2008, calculating the agreement rate. RESULTS: The total number of enrolled patients was 1,532,294. Of these, 844,802 (55.1%) were male and mean age was 36.5. The ARIMA (1, 1, 1) (1, 1, 1) 7 was selected as the best-fit prediction model. When we tested the validity using Bland-Altman plots, the agreement rate was 96.4% (95% CI, 94.0%~98.1%). Non-agreement dates were national holidays (n=9), and the other weekdays (n=4), respectively. CONCLUSION: We developed the ARIMA-based prediction model for emergency patients at regional EDs. The model showed a very high validity.
Chronology as Topic ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Holidays ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Male ; Moclobemide ; Models, Statistical ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVE: Although there are a few studies reporting the efficacy of moclobemide in the treatment of social phobia, it has been poorly studied in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the short term efficacy of moclobemide in Korean patients with social phobia. METHOD: Sixty six patients with social phobia based on DSM-IV criteria were enrolled to 4-week trial with a flexible-dose regime of moclobemide. Treatment responses were assessed at baseline and week 4 with Liebowits Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation (BFNE), Mattick's Social Phobia Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Sheehan's Disability Scale (SDS). RESULT: Thirty eight of 66 patients completed the 4-week trial. Scores of LSAS, BFNE, and Mattick's Social Phobia Scale at baseline were not significantly reduced after 4-week trial (p=0.084, p=0.537, p=0.283, p=0.111, respectively). But scores of BDI and 3 of 4 Sheehan's Disability Subscale at baseline were significantly reduced (p=0.026, p=0.000, p=0.005, p=0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION: Overall results of preliminary study showed that moclobemide could be used for the treatment of depression and functional impairment, but that it was not effective for treatment of anxiety and phobic avoidance of social phobic patients. More controlled, long-term studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of moclobemide for treatment of social phobia.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Humans ; Korea ; Moclobemide* ; Phobic Disorders*

BACKGROUND: Since dysthymia begins in late childhood or adolescence and has a chronic course, long-term pharmacotherapy may be required. New generation antidepressant, moclobemide, with more acceptable side effect profiles, is effective in the treatment of dysthymia. The main objective of this study was to determine whether they exhibit comparable efficacy and tolerability in dysthymia to amitriptyline. METHOD AND MATERIALS: The efficacy and tolerability of the moclobemide and amitriptyline, were compared in a eight-week single-centre double-blind study in patients(n=37) with dysthymia using he HAMD-17, the Clinical Global Impression Scale(CGI), the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale(MADRS), Efficacy Index-Therapeutic Index(EITE), 4-point Index Side Effect Scale(4-PISES), and Efficacy Index-Side Effect Scale(EISE). RESULTS: A total of 37 patients entered the study, 19 were randomly assigned to the moclobemide group and 18 to be amitriptyline group. Demographic and illness characteristics were similar in both groups. There were no significant difference between two groups at the total 17-HDRS score, the HAMD-17% improvement, the total MADRS score, CGI response, and the EITE. In the comparison of EISE between two groups, the scores of the moclobemide group were relatively lower than the amitriptylinen group in full treatment. And the differences were significant(moclobemide group 1.39+/-0.61 ; amitriptyline group 2.00+/-0.85, p<.001). At the 4-PISE. There was no serious or treatment threatening side effects. And there was no specific difference in side effects between two groups. The moclobemide group reported higher EIR scores than the amitriptyline group at every follow up day, but the differences were not significant. And there was no significant differences in the scores of five HRQOL subcategories which is compared between two groups at every follow up days. CONCLUSIONS: In terms of 17-HDRS and MADRS, moclobemide and amitriptyline are equally effective at least in allevating dysthymic symptoms. But moclobemide tended to be less troubling and better tolerated than amitriptyline. Therefore, moclobemide treatment can be used as a safe, and higher satisfactory treatment strategy for the dysthymia.
Adolescent ; Amitriptyline* ; Depression ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Therapy ; Dysthymic Disorder* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Moclobemide*

OBJECTIVES: The diagnosis of depression is based on a highly variable set of symptoms. Therefore, depression should not be viewed as a single disease, but a heterogenous syndrome comprised of different pathophysiologies. There are several subtypes of depression which were already incorporated in DSM-IV. This article provides a systematic review of pharmacological treatments of two recognized subtypes of depression-dysthymic disorder and atypical depression. METHODS: Systematic search of relevant literatures on dysthymic disorder and atypical depression was performed by proposed search strategy of the Clinical Research Center for Depression of Korean Health 21 R&D Project. All identified literatures were carefully reviewed and classified according to SIGN grading system and summarized in a narrative manner. RESULT: For the treatment of dysthymic disorder and atypical depression, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) and moclobemide have more evidence than the other antidepressants. SSRIs and moclobemide showed superior tolerability than tricyclic antidepressants. CONCLUSION: The authors proposed treatment recommendations for dysthymic disorder and atypical depression by the methods of evidence-based medicine(EBM). However, guideline developing methods of EBM also have several inevitable limitations. Therefore, in the absence of clear and significant differences in efficacy, the choice of medication must be individualized for a particular patient based on psychiatrist's own clinical decision.
Antidepressive Agents ; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic ; Depression* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Dysthymic Disorder* ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Moclobemide ; Serotonin