Objective To observe the incidence of acute radiation pneumonitis (ARP) in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer treated by three-dimensional conformation radiotherapy or intersity-modulated radiation therapy,and investigate the predictive value of high dose volume and low dose volume of the total and ipsilateral lung on ARP.Methods 174 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer verified by pathology who received radical radiotherapy in our hospital from Aug 2013 to Nov 2015 were screened.Radioactive dose was 60 Gy-70 Gy,with 97 patients' dose of 60-64 Gy and 77 patients' dose of 65-70 Gy.Chemotherapy was done by paclitaxel + pentium first line treatment.155 patients were treated with radiotherapy alone and 19 with radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy.The V5～ V30,MLD (mean lung dose),V5ipis ～ V30ipsi,MLDipsi were calculated from the dose volume histogram system.The ARP was evaluated according to Common Toxicity Criteria 4.0 (CTC4.0).Univafiate and nultivariate analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to assess the correlated factors of ARP.Results Of 174 patients,26 patients (14.94％) developed radioactive pneumonia at grade 2,11 patients (6.32％) at grade 3,2 patients (1.15％) at grade 4.The correlative factors included the radiochemotherapy regimen (sequential chemotherapy to radiotherapy or concurrent radiochemotherapy),V5,V10,V20,V30,MLD of the total lung and ipsilateral lung according to univariate analysis.Multivariate analysis of all the factors mentioned above showed the V5,V20ipsi and MLD were the independent predictive factors associated with ARP.ROC analysis indicated that the cut-off point of V5,V20ipsi,MLD were 62.38％,47.14％and 16.85Gy respectively.According to the V5,V20ipsi value,174 patients were divided into three groups:B group V5＜62％+V20ipsi≥47％,C group V5≥62％+V20ipsi＜47％,D group V5≥62％+V20ipsi≥47％.The chisquare test between the C group and D group has statistical significance.Conclusion V5,V20ipsi,and MLD are the independent risk factors of ARP.Compared with V5,limiting V20ipsi threshold is more likely to result in ARP.

Purpose To observe white matter structure features of patients with early stage (Hoehn-Yahr 1-2 phase) Parkinson''s disease (PD) by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) based on the fiber bundle analysis tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS); and to explore the brain regions of PD patients in which DTI parameters are significantly correlated with unified Parkinson''s disease rating scale (UPDRS) score elevation. Materials and Methods DTI sequence was performed on 27 cases of PD and 30 cases of healthy volunteers. DTI parameters including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were analyzed in all participants by using TBSS technique, and the parameters of two groups were compared. The correlation of clinical UPDRS score with FA value, MD and RD value in the PD group were analyzed.Results Compared with that in the control group, FA values of several brain regions in PD group decreased, while MD and RD value increased (P<0.05). AD showed no obvious change (P>0.05). UPDRS score of PD group was correlated with FA, MD and RD value (P=0.001). The brain regions that showed FA value decreased, MD and RD value increased included corpus callosum, left anterior limb of internal capsule, bilateral anterior radial crown, bilateral superior radial crown and left posterior thalamic radiation (P=0.001).Conclusion There is some changes in white matter structure of the patients with early stage Parkinson''s disease, which may due to demyelination or fiber integrity damaged.

Obej ctive Abnormal proliferation of T cells plays an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases. The article aimed to study the inhibitory effect of small molecule compound BD691 on T cell proliferation and its mechanism. Methods Human peripheral blood T-lymphocytes were isolated and purified by the immunomagnetic microbeads,then T cells were ac-tivated with anti-CD3/CD28 mAbs or alloantigen.The inhibitory effect of BD691 on activated T cell proliferation, the cytotoxic effect BD891 on resting T cells and the expression of activated T cells marker CD25 were measured by flow cytometry.Furthermore, ELISA was used to detect the secretion of cytokines associated with T cell differentiation. Results BD691 significantly inhibited the prolif-eration of T cells being stimulated by anti-CD3/CD28 mAb or alloantigen in a dose-dependent manner, and IC50 values are (8.5 ± 1.5)μmol/L and (7.2 ±1.3)μmol/L, respectively.However, BD691 had no obvious cytotoxic effects on resting T cells and periph-eral blood mononuclear cells, even at a high concentration ( up to 100μmol/L) .In T cells which were not activated by anti-CD3/CD28 mAb, the percentage of CD25+T cells is only 1.6%of the total cells, while the number increased to 68% after activating treatment.Mean-while, in T cells which were activated by 0, 3.3, 10, 30μmol/L BD691, no obvious change of CD25 expression were observed, while immunosuppressant FK506 (0.1μmol/L) significantly decreased the expression of CD25 +T cells (14.9%).In unactivated T cells, 95.6%cells were at G0/G1 phase, while after activation, the percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase reduced to 57.7%.In addition, BD691 inhibited the secretion of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-17 in activated T cells, but had no effects on the secretion of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10. Co nclusion BD691 exerts no effects on T cell activation, but it inhibits T cell proliferation by inducing T cell cycling arrest at G0/G1 phase.Moreover, BD691 inhibits the secretion of key cytokines (such as IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17) closely related to the differ-entiation of Th1 and Th17 cells.The results suggest that BD 691 is a potential lead compound to develop a new immunosuppressant for the inhibition of abnormal proliferation and differentiation of T cells.

Objective To construct expression vectors of calmodulin(CaM)mutants N2 and C2,and to express,purify,and identify the mutant proteins,in order to study the interactions between CaM and calcium channels. Methods The cDNA of N?lobe and C?lobe of CaM were used to prepare the cDNA of N2 and C2. Next,the recombinant cDNAs were cloned into a pGEX?6p?3 plasmid,and the recombinant plasmids were trans?ferred into E.coli BL21 cells. The transfected BL21 cells were stimulated with IPTG. The fusion proteins were extracted by ultrasonication and puri?fied by using GS?4B beads. Finally,protein activity was identified by the pull?down assay. Results Both the restriction digestion map and the DNA sequence identification results confirmed that the recombinant plasmids were successfully constructed. SDS?PAGE results showed high purity and concentration of N2 and C2 proteins. Their activities and binding abilities with the calcium channel fragment were confirmed by the pull?down assay.Conclusion In this study,expression vectors of N2 and C2 are successfully constructed,and physiologically active N2 and C2 CaM mutant proteins are obtained.

Objective To study the evolutionary characteristics and rules of two lineages on influenza B virus.Methods A total of 126 HA1 sequences of strains isolated during 1940 to 2012were downloaded from the GenBank.Time of the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) and divergence of the two lineages were calculated based on the data from phylogenetic analysis of HA1gene,using Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (Bayesian-MCMC) and molecular clock method.Results The average amino acid variant ratios were ranged from 5.4％ to 10.2％ within the strains of influenza B virus isolated during 1978 to 2010.Compared with the Victoria-like strains,all Yamagatalike strains showed an amino acid deletion at 163th site,while some of them showing a deletion at position 166.HA1 gene of influenza B virus seemed not have been affected by positive selection except a few sites.The evolutionary average rate on HA1 gene was 2.138 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year (95％HPD:1.833 × 10-3-2.437 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year).The estimated dates for TMRCA of the two lineages of influenza B virus could be dated back to 1971 (95％ HPD:1969-1972),while the divergence times of the two lineages were 1973 (95％ HPD:1971-1974) and 1977 (95％ HPD:1975-1978) respectively.Conclusion Significant differences were found on HA1 gene between earlier and recent identified strains of Victoria and Yamagata lineage.Differences between the two lineages increased and showing the potential of dividing themselves into different subtypes in the future.More attention should be paid to these trends and the related epidemiological significance.

OBJECTIVEThe pathologic slides and clinical data of 119 patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of salivary glands were reviewed. All patients underwent surgical therapy in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University. The postoperative overall observed survival rates and specific survival rates were statistically caculated, and the correlative clinicopathologic factors influencing the prognosis were evaluated.

METHODSStatistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 10.0 software. The survival rates were obtained by the Kaplan-Meier method. The clinicopathologic parameters were evaluated using log rank test (univariate analysis) and Cox proportional hazards regression model (multivariate analysis).

RESULTSThe overall observed survival rates of this group were 92.53%, 87.52% and 85.39% at 5, 10 and 15 years respectively after surgical therapy. Univariate analysis demonstrated that the factors correlated with lower in survival rates were patient's age (> or = 40 years), advanced clinical stage (TNM III, IV stage) and the poorly differentiated tumors (P < 0.05). The survival rates of male patients with MEC in the major salivary glands were significantly lower than those of female patients (P = 0.008). The degree of differentiation, TNM stage and preoperative symptoms were three important prognostic factors that were selected into the Cox proportional hazards regression model.

CONCLUSIONSMost patients with highly differentiated MEC in salivary glands had a favorable outcome after receiving adequate surgical treatment. The degree of differentiation and the TNM stage of MEC in the salivary glands are two useful factors to evaluate the prognosis of these neoplasms.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms ; mortality ; pathology ; surgery ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: Few studies have examined the relationship between the risk of cancer and exposure to pesticides in Korea or in other East Asian that have until recently used chlorophenoxy herbicides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the exposure to pesticides and cancer incidence. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study with a follow-up period of 13 years (1985-1998). The subjects included 2,687 male and 3,589 female Kangwha Island residents, Koreans aged fifty-five or more as of March 1985, who received a personal health interview and completed a health examination survey. A Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risks (RR). RESULTS: At baseline, the mean age of the study participants in 1985 was 66.4 for males and 67.1 for females. During the 13 years follow-up, a total of 300 incidents of cancer in males and 146 in females developed. In males, the total cancer incidence in the highest group was RR, 1.4 (95% CI=1.0-1.9), p for trend=0.041, for digestive organ cancer incidence in the highest group, RR, 1.5 (95% CI=1.0-2.3), p for trend=0.057, for stomach cancer incidence in the highest group, RR, 1.6 (95% CI=0.9-2.8), p for trend=0.094, for gallbladder cancer incidence in the highest group, RR, 9.1 (95% CI=1.1-77.0), p for trend=0.014 were elevated according to the higher frequency of pesticide use per year. In particular, the risk of gallbladder cancer was very high. Although not significant, the risk of liver cancer was higher than in the non-exposed group (in the highest group, RR, 2.0 (95% CI=0.7-5.9)). In females, although not significant, breast cancer incidence in the highest exposure group was higher than in the non-exposed group (in the highest group, RR, 4.7 (95% CI=0.8-27.9)). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that Korean farmers who use pesticides, particularly males, have a significantly higher total cancer incidence, particularly from digestive organ cancers such as, stomach, gallbladder, and liver cancer. In particular, the risk of gallbladder cancer was very high.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cohort Studies* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gallbladder ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; Herbicides ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Korea ; Liver Neoplasms ; Male ; Pesticides* ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare and analyze the effectiveness of different regimens in the treatment of malignant gestational trohphoblastic disease from 1981 to 2001. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 307 patients with malignant gestational trophoblastic disease, who were admitted in Chonnam National University Hospital from 1981 to 2001. Remission rate, remission induction period, toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents depending on risk group and stages were analyzed. RESULTS: While stage I and II showed 100% of remission rate, stage III and IV showed 99.2%, 64.7% of remission rate respectively, resulting in 99.7% of overall remission rate. From 1981 to 1988, average number of cycle and periods for complete remission were 3.4 cycles and 80.3 days for low risk GTT, 6.2 cycles and 144.8 days for high risk GTT. From 1989 to 2001, average number of cycle and remission induction period were 4.1 cycles and 69.9 days, 5.3 cycles and 88.9 days, 6.6 cycles and 162.2 days for low, middle, and high risk GTT, respectively. As adjuvant therapy, 3 cases of hysterectomy and 2 cases of lobectomy were done. And radiation therapy was done on 2 cases of lung lesions and 1 cases of brain lesion. Etoposide and Actinomycin D caused less hepatotoxicity than Methotrexate did. EMA regimen shortened the overall period of treatment and caused less side effect, showing effectiveness equivalent to that of EMA CO regimen. With same therapeutic effect, less side effect and shortened administration period, EMA regimen might be able to substitute EMA CO regimen in high risk GTT. However, there should be more clinical trials before confirmation of its superior therapeutic efficacy over EMA CO regimen. CONCLUSION: When chemotherapy combined with adjuvant therapy such as operation and irradiation was done on appropriate patient group, which were selected based on risk factors and stage, it produced higher remission rate. For better therapeutic outcome, there should be further study on early detection technique and therapeutic effect of other chemotherapeutic agents.
Brain ; Dactinomycin ; Drug Therapy ; Etoposide ; Gestational Trophoblastic Disease* ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Jeollanam-do ; Lung ; Methotrexate ; Remission Induction ; Risk Factors

Struma ovarii is a rare form of ovarian neoplasm, composed entirely or predominantly of thyroid tissue and generally a benign germ cell tumor of the ovary. The tumor usually present with findings of an asymptomatic mature mass. Despite containing thyroid tissue, only 5% of struma ovarii have features of hyperthyroidism. Ascites have been reported in approximately 15-20% of all cases. The combination of struma ovarii and elevated CA125 has rarely been reported. We experienced an case of benign struma ovarii showing the clinical characteristics such as massive ascites, high serum CA125 level and a complex pelvic mass strongly suggestive of the malignancy. So, we report this case with a brief review of literature.
Ascites ; Female ; Hyperthyroidism ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary ; Struma Ovarii* ; Thyroid Gland

OBJECTIVETo study the differences between epidemic strains of influenza virus subtype A3 circulated in China and Occident in past 18 years, in genetic level, and vaccine strains recommended by WHO in corresponding time.

METHODSAmino acid sequences of HA1 regions of the epidemic strains, which circulated in China and Occident from 1988 to 2005, and the vaccine strains of influenza virus subtype A3 were compared by BioEdit and analyzed on the differences of HA1 and it's antigen determinants

RESULTSDifferences between epidemic strains and vaccine strains recommended in corresponding year, both in HA1 and it' s antigen determinant regions, were obviously greater than that between epidemic strains and vaccine strains recommended in next round (P< 0.01). However, differences between epidemic strains in Occident and vaccine strains recommended in corresponding year were slightly greater than that between epidemic strains and vaccine strains recommended in next round and it was not marked (P >0.05). In addition, differences between epidemic strains and vaccine strains which being used for several years, whether in China or in Occident, constantly increased accompanying the used time prolonged.

CONCLUSIONThere was an obvious lag between vaccine strains recommended by WHO, analyzed in genetic level, and epidemic strains of influenza virus subtype A3 circulated in China.

Antigens, Viral ; analysis ; China ; epidemiology ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; analysis ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; classification ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human ; classification ; epidemiology ; prevention & control