Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease developing from early fatty streaks to highly rupture-prone unstable plaques.Many cellular and molecular events are involved in each step.With the development of targeting probe technology,molecular magnetic resonance imaging techniques are expected to revolutionize the treatment strategies of atherosclerosis in the near future.Many desirable molecular probes targeting various components of plaque have emerged in recent years.This article reviews the molecular magnetic resonance imaging techniques of atherosclerosis and their application.

Objective To screen key genes related to deep vein thrombosis (TDVT) after trauma using gene function assembly analysis. Methods Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into control, thrombosis and non-thrombosis groups. Traumatic limb DVT models were established in rats through quantitative beating on the bilateral posterior limbs. The Genechip Rat genome 430 2. 0 genechips were applied to detect changes in genes expressions on difference phases of DVT. On the basis of the differential gene expressions in the thrombosis and non-thrombosis groups, the gene function assembly analysis was conducted to define the most significant and concentrated gene functions leading to the biological characters of DVT.Results B factor (bf), complement 4 binding protein α (C4bpα), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (serpinel), urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (plaur) were screened to be the key genes related to DVT, because they were found to be involved in the functions like complement activation, development,growth, morphogenesis, primary metabolism, cell motility, protein metabolism, localization of cell, locomotion and localization. The abundance values of the genes expressed were 1.6, -0. 2, 2. 1, 5. 1 in the thrombosis group, and -0. 5, - 1.4, 2. 7, 3. 3 in the non-thrombosis group. Conclusion Bf, C4bpα,serpinel, plaur may be the key genes that play a role in the process of DVT.

Objective To investigate risky factors,and predictability of portal vein thrombsis in patients with portal hypertension caused by hepatic cirrhosis after spleenectomy and portaazygous devascularization. Methods Between Jan 2004 to Nov 2009,clinical data of 27 patients suffering from postoperative PVT were compared with 37 patients admitted during the same period without postoperative PVT. Results There were 4 factors proved to be risk factors for PVT.Perioperative peripheral platelet count (postoperative to preoperative) 、D-dimer、the whole blood viscosity and the blood flow of portal vein postoperatively.The right predictive rate of PVT was 87.3%. Conclusion The risk factors of PVT are the ratio of platelets、D-dimer、the whole blood viscosity and the blood flow of portal vein postoperatively.By this method it is probable that postoperative PVT is predictable.

OBJECTIVE:To explore security of interstitial chemotherapy by implanting 5-fluorouracil sustained-release reagent into interstitial tissues of oesophageal tumor tissue and tumor peripheral tissue under orthoptic endoscope. METHODS:Relative articles were retrieved from Pubmed database from January 1988 to December 2008 and CNKI database from January 2000 to December 2008. Inclusion criteria:articles which were related to 5-fluorouracil sustained-release reagent for the treatment of esophageal carcinoma were included;Exclusion criteria:Duplicated articles were excluded. A total of 29 patients with grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ esophageal carcinoma who received implantation of 5-fluorouracil sustained-release reagent under orthoptic endoscope were collected from Department of Oncology,Shenyang Red Cross Hospital from March 2001 to December 2007. There were 22 males and 7 females,aging 51-82 years and mean age of 60.2 years. 5-fluorouracil sustained-release particles were implanted into tumor interstitial tissue under orthoptic endoscope. 800 mg 5-fluorouracil sustained-release particles were gradually implanted for 3-5 particles each time. RESULTS:Implantation of 5-fluorouracil sustained-release reagent has been reported to safely and effectively treat esophageal carcinoma. Clinical results indicated complete remission(n=3) ,partial remission(n=16) ,stable pathogenetic condition(n=6) ,and no remission(n=4) . Body mass increased in 21 patients(72.4%) ,and average effectiveness level was 70.9%. Symptoms including hemorrhage,light descent of leukocyte,light malignancy,diarrhea but excluding functional disorder of liver and kidney were found. Easement of pain in 22 patients was 75.8%,and discontinuing analgesics accounted for 50%(P

Currently,tracheal stents used in clinic include silicone,dynamic and metal types.The metal stents contain Ni-Ti memory alloy,stainless steel,and coating stents,which are cylinder and network structured.These stents are more expensive than silicone stents.The internal stents,mainly metal stents,have been used recently in clinic to treat tracheal stenosis.Tracheal stenting methods are divided into bronchofibroscope and hard lens implantation.Both tracheal and esophageal stent implantations are invasive treatment.However,tracheal stent implantation is different from esophageal stent implantation.As patients with airway obstruction are always complicated by dyspnea and hypoxemia,even respiratory failure,which increases risk and difficulty of stent implantation.During tracheal stent implantation,the bronchofibroscope or stent entering the stenosis site may lead to complete tracheal obstruction-induced asphyxia.Corrosion of metal wire of stent to airway mucosa and vessels may result in hemorrhea,leading to postoperative hemoptysis.Stent dislocation is mainly caused by inappropriate selection of stent,inappropriate implantation position or severe cough.Carcinoma tissue growing along stent lumens can induce re-obstruction in stent,resulting in atelectasis relapse.Although there are many unsolved problems and the incidence of complication is 10%-20%,tracheal stent is still a safe,effective and simple therapy for tracheal stenosis.Prevention and treatment of tracheal stenosis following stent implantation and development of novel stents with better effect and fewer side effects is future study focus.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of continuity nursing model in caring patients with malignant obstructive jaundice treated with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD).Methods A total of 120 patients with malignant obstructive jaundice treated by PTCD were enrolled in this study.The patients were divided into the control group (n=60) and the observation group (n=60).Routine discharge guidance and health education was conducted for the patients of control group,while for the patients of observation group,in addition to conventional discharge education,the continuity nursing was executed by the responsible nurse.Continuity nursing was meant to continue the service,to guide the observation of the wound and dressing change,the observation of the quantity and quality of drainage solution,to teach the knowledge of the management of PTCD catheter as well as its complications,to guide patient's diet and rest,and to establish the continuity nursing records.Results The patients of both groups were followed up for 3 months.The patients' awareness rate of the knowledge related to PTCD tube in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group.The wound infection rate,the rate of PTCD tube prolapse or blockage,and the tube-related re-hospitalization rate in the observation group were strikingly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The continuity nursing model can significantly improve patients' awareness rate about the knowledge related to PTCD tube,reduce the incidences of biliary tract infection,PTCD tube prolapse or blockage,wound infection,and tube-related re-hospitalization,therefore,the quality of life can be surely improved.

AIM:To explore the roles of Akt ( also called protein kinase B ) and active caspase-3 in the leptin-mediated chronic morphine antinociceptive tolerance in rats .METHODS: A model of chronic morphine antinociceptive tolerance was established in the SD rats .The protein levels of spinal Akt and cleaved caspase-3 were tested by Western blotting.The technique of immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the immunoreactivity positive cells of phospho -rylated ( p)-Akt and cleaved caspase-3 in the spinal cord .Double staining of immunohistochemistry was used to examine the cellular location of the p-Akt and cleaved caspase-3 positive cells.RESULTS: The chronic intrathecal injection of morphine (15 μg) for 7 d markedly upregulated the spinal protein levels of p-Akt and cleaved caspase-3 in the rats.Thirty min before injection of morphine , intrathecal injection of leptin antagonist (3μg) for 7 d significantly attenuated the upreg-ulation of the protein levels of p-Akt and cleaved caspase-3 induced by chronic morphine treatment .The p-Akt was exclu-sively observed in the spinal neurons .The cleaved caspase-3 was only localized with the spinal astrocytes .Intrathecal injec-ting the inhibitors of leptin , Akt and caspase-3 ameliorated the chronic antinociceptive tolerance .CONCLUSION: The spinal Akt pathway and active caspase-3 are involved in the leptin-mediated chronic morphine antinociceptive tolerance in rats.

Objective To verify the application value of the Oxford classification in child IgA nephropathy (IgAN) .Methods The clinical and pathological data by renal biospy in 123 children patients with IgAN from January 2010 to September 2013 were collected and retrospectively analyzed .84 cases were followed up .The results were divided into 4 grades(A ,B ,C ,D) based on the manifestations at the end of follow‐up .Finally the pathological analysis was performed .Results Among 123 cases ,the clinical man‐ifestations were dominated by nephrotic syndrome (42 .28% ) ,followed by hematuria complicating proteinuria (24 .39% ) .The scores of 4 pathological indexes were dominated by M 1 (82 .11% ) ,E1 (53 .66% ) ,S0 (59 .35% ) and T0 (82 .11% ) respectively ;the mesangial cells proliferation and endocapillary proliferation were related with the hematuria severity (P<0 .01);mesangial cells pro‐liferation ,endocapillary proliferation and renal tubule atrophy/interstitial fibrosis were related with the edema occurrence ( P<0 .05);the mesangial cells proliferation ,segmental glomerulosclerosis and renal tubule atrophy/interstitial fibrosis were related with the average arterial pressure increase(P<0 .05) .4 pathological indexes were related with 24 h urinary protein amount(P<0 .01);the segmental glomerulosclerosis and renal tubule atrophy/interstitial fibrosis were related with the decrease of the estimated glo‐merular filtration rate(P<0 .01) .84 cases were successfully followed up ,the clinical outcome was grade A in 43 cases(51 .19% ) , grade B in 30 cases(31 .71% ) ,grade C in 8 cases(9 .52% ) and grade D in 3 cases(3 .57% ) .Only the renal tubule atrophy/intersti‐tial fibrosis was related with prognosis(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The Oxford classification has certain relation with clinical indexes of children with IgAN .Only the renal tubule atrophy/interstitial fibrosis are the risk factors of prognosis .

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-218 in cervical cancer tissues and bioinformatically analyze the target genes of miR-218 to provide theoretical basis on further studies of miR-218 functions in cervical cancer.Methods miRNA array was applied to detect miRNA expression profile in cervical cancer tissues,and real-time RT-PCR was used for validation.The bioinformatic analysis of the target genes of miR-218 involved gene ontology and signal transduction pathway enrichment was performed.Results miR-218 expression significantly decreased in cervical cancer tissues compared with that of normal cervical tissues.The functions of predicted target genes of miR-218 were enriched in biological regulation,adhesion and motion,proteometabolism,cellular differentiation,protein binding and other biological processes and molecular functions.According KEGG pathway database,the predicted target genes involved in pathway in cancer,adherent junction,focal adhesion,prostate cancer,chronic myeloid leukemia,melanoma,and other signal transduction pathways.Conclusions miR-218 expression significantly decreases in cervical cancer tissues.Some of the predicted target genes of miR-218 are significantly enriched in tumor related with signaling pathways.

BACKGROUND: Non-adherence to fluid restrictions is common in patients maintained on hemodialysis prior to and after kidney transplantation,which has a profound influence on the development and transfer of illness of the patients.Mental factors have great influences on adherence to fluid restrictions.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of rational-emotive therapy on adherence to fluid restrictions of patients maintained on hemodialysis prior to and after kidney transplantation.METHODS: In total 100 patients maintained on hemodialysis were randomly assigned to an intervention group(n = 50)and a control group(n = 50).The control group received the conventional therapy.At the same time,the intervention group received the conventional therapy combined with rational-emotive therapy.All cases were assessed with the Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90)and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire(MCMQ)prior to and after intervention.Clinical indices related to adherence to fluid restrictions were measured three successive times and the average score of each index was calculated.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Forty-eight patients from the intervention group and 44 patients from the control group accomplished the study.After intervention,the scores of the two subscales,confronce and avoidance,were significantly higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05).However,some scores were significantly lower than those in the control group,including the score of acceptance/resignation subscale of MCMQ,total average score of SCL-90,the score of somatization,obsessive-compulsive,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,photic anxiety and additional items,and the score of four clinical indices related to adherence to fluid restrictions(the ratio of interdialysis weight gain to dry weight,mean systolic blood pressure,mean diastolic blood pressure,and mean ultrafiltration volume prior to hemodialysis)(P < 0.05).All these findings suggest that rational-emotive therapy can effectively amend the coping modes and the mental states of the patients,and then improve their adherence to fluid restrictions.