Hepatitis C virus cell entry is mediated by multiple factors,including various receptors and cellular factors that trigger virus uptake by the hepatocyte.Occludin is a newly identified essential co-receptor for HCV entry together with CD81,SR-B1 and CLDN1.CLDN1 and occludin highlight the importance of studying the effects of tight junction and cell polarization on HCV entry.Study on cell polarization and tight junction can help to discover new targets for HCV therapy,and therefore interfere the cell entry and cell-cell spread of HCV.This review summarizes the current knowledge of hepatocyte polarization,tight junction and its major integral proteins CLDN1 and occludin,polarized cell culture system and its relation with HCV entry.

Hepatitis C virus cell entry is mediated by multiple factors, including various receptors and cellular factors that trigger virus uptake by the hepatocyte. Occludin is a newly identified essential co-receptor for HCV entry together with CD81, SR-B1 and CLDN1. CLDN1 and occludin highlight the importance of studying the effects of tight junction and cell polarization on HCV entry. Study on cell polarization and tight junction can help to discover new targets for HCV therapy, and therefore interfere the cell entry and cell-cell spread of HCV. This review summarizes the current knowledge of hepatocyte polarization, tight junction and its major integral proteins CLDN1 and occludin, polarized cell culture system and its relation with HCV entry.

The number of medical device adverse events reported to national monitoring center increased greatly year by year, but the reporting system still existed some deficiencies which resulting in confusion when filling the forms, especially those selections about relationship evaluation. This paper proposed amendments about event-evaluation process according to the characteristics of medical device adverse events reported in China, in order to perform timely and effectively regulation on different types of adverse events for different purposes.
China ; Consumer Product Safety ; Equipment and Supplies ; Safety Management

Purpose To purify recombinant angiogenesis inhibitor r-K4K5 and investigate its inhibitoryeffects on bovine capillary endothelial (BCE) cell proliferation, chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane(CAM) angiogenesis and growth of experimental human non-small cell lung cancer (adeno). Methodsr-K4K5 was obtained by salting out and gel filtration with the purity of 95% determined by SDS-PAGE.BCE cells were cultured with DMEM media containing r-K4K5. The cells were counted in 24,48,72 hrespectively. r-K4K5 was injected daily into all 7-day chick embryo CAMs and CAM angiogenesis wasobserved at 72 h after incubation. The Balb/c (nu/nu) mice implanted with human SPC-Al tumor pieceswere grown for 10 days and then randomly divided into three groups. One group was treated with PBS, theother two groups were treated with local subcutaneous injection of purified r-K4K5 at 8 μg and 80 μg lpermouse every other day. They were daily observed and sacrificed in 14 days. Each tumor was weighed.Results The number of BCE cells, blood vessels diameter less than 50 μn of chick embryo CAM and theaverage weight of experimental tumor were decreased markedly in all the groups treated with r-K4K5.Conclusions r-K4K5 inhibits proliferation of BCE cells, angiogenesis of chick embryo CAMs and thegrowth of experimental human SPC-A1 non small lung cancer (adeno).

Forensic entom otoxicology is a branch of forensic m edicine, w hich applies entom ology, toxicology and other related studies to solve the poisoning cases. It has an obvious advantage in the investigation on poisoning death. B ased on the expounding definition and research of entom otoxicology, this paper review s research progress and application value in som e aspects of forensic m edicine, such as the effects of drugs/toxins on the growth and developm ent of sarcosaphagous insects and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the drugs/toxins in the poisoned body tissue.

Objective To assess the antimicrobial resistance and resistance-related mutations in rpoB and katG genes in Mycobacteria tuberculosis isolates from patients with cutaneous tuberculosis. Methods Seven strains of Mycobacteria were isolated from lesions or secretions of patients with cutaneous tuberculosis and identified as M. tuberculosis. Proportion method was used to test the susceptibility of M. tuberculosis isolates to rifampicin, isoniazid, streptomycin and ethambutol. PCR and sequencing were performed to analyze the mutations in rpoB and katG genes. Results Of the 7 isolates of M. tuberculosis, 1 was resistant to rifampicin,isoniazid and ethambutol simultaneously, and the other 6 were sensitive to rifampicin, isoniazid, streptomycin and ethambutol. All the 7 isolates were positive for the amplification of rpoB and katG genes by PCR. DNA sequencing revealed two mutations at codon 531 (TCG to TTG) and codon 315 (AGC to ACC) in the multi-drug resistant strain, which were absent in the other 6 strains. Conclusion Multi-drug resistance has emerged in M. tuberculosis isolates from patients with cutaneous tuberculosis, which is likely to be related to improper treatment.

Objective To produce a comprehensive transcript dataset of Oncomelania hupensis before and after Schistosoma japonicum infection,so as to provide experimental data for perfecting genetic structural information and excavating related mo-lecular markers of O. hupensis infected by S. japonicum. Methods O. hupensis snails were divided into the following 3 groups:one week after S. japonicum miracidium infection,4 weeks after S. japonicum miracidium infection,and normal condition. Mil-lion high-quality reads were obtained from the normalized cDNA of the pooled samples,which were assembled into transcripts. Results A total of 63686 unigenes were identified and were classified into 4 main categories,including general functional pre-diction(15.36%),signal transduction mechanism(11.75%),posttranslational modification(8.89%),and functional unknown (12.20%). Conclusions The transcriptome information of O. hupensis snail after the invasion of S. japonicum shows that sever-al genes are significantly up-regulated or down regulated expression,and that the availability of transcriptome information might provide a strong foundation for further understanding the schistosome-snail interaction at the molecular level.

A mixed bacteria culture F6 isolated from oil field wastewater can degrade petroleum hydrocarbons efficiently. The bacteria were suitable to treat oil-polluted wastewater of oil field. Simulated result treating oil-polluted wastewater in laboratory showed that after "XingyiLian" wastewater of Liaohe Oil Field was treated by fluidized-bed bioreactor system with the vehicle of activated carbon , the amount of oil and CODcr of the flow out water were decreased from 45mg/L to 4. 1mg/L and 470mg/L to 42mg/L separately , according with first class standards of Chinese Wastewater Discharge Regulation.

Objective To evaluate the colonoscopy surveillance in colorectal cancer patients after surgical removal of the tumor.Methods From June 1986 to June 2007,2762 asymptomatic patients who had underwent operation for colorectal cancer were put into colonoscopy surveillance.They had the first examination 3-6 months after the operation,and were re-examined once a year thereafter for 3 years.The follow-up findings were compared with those from the 218 symptomatic patients who had colorectal cancer surgery from September 1981 to May 1986.Results In 2762 asymptomatic patients,48 cases of multiple primary cancer were detected,in which 39 cases(1.4%) were found at one examination and 9 cases(0.3%)at different examination.The TNM staging of these lesions included stage Ⅰ in 6,stage Ⅱ in 31 and stage Ⅲ in 11.During the surveillance,583 cases(21.1%) of adenoma were detected and endoscopically resected,in which 17(3.2%) were invasive early cancer and 58(9.9%) were high grade dysplasia.In 218 patients with symptoms,29 cases(13.3%) of adenoma and 27 cases( 12.4%) of cancer were detected,including 4 cases of stage Ⅰ cancer,6 of stage Ⅱ and 16 of stage Ⅲ.Conclusion Colonoscopy surveillance in colorectal cancer patients after surgery is important in finding precancerous lesion and early stage cancer,and is recommended in all patients.

Forensic entomotoxicology is a branch of forensic medicine, which applies entomology, toxicology and other related studies to solve the poisoning cases. It has an obvious advantage in the investigation on poisoning death. Based on the expounding definition and research of entomotoxicology, this paper reviews research progress and application value in some aspects of forensic medicine, such as the effects of drugs/toxins on the growth and development of sarcosaphagous insects and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the drugs/toxins in the poisoned body tissue.
Animals ; Death ; Entomology/methods* ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Humans ; Insecta ; Postmortem Changes