Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a new emerging technology that is widely used in diagnosis of ocular diseases recently.It has the capability to generate high resolution 3D angiograms of retina and choroid,dissect and visualize the flow in various layers of the retina,and provide more informations of the structure and function of the retina simultaneously.Nevertheless,OCTA is in the early stage of clinical evaluation,so studies on imaging various diseases by OCTA are still on the way.In this article,we reviewed literatures of clinical research on OCTA,and summarized its current research situation,values of optic diseases and drawbacks,which guide its clinical application.

Objective To explore the method of flow cytometric analysis for T-lymphocyte subpopulations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) and evaluate its clinical significance in diagnosis of lung cancer.Methods Forty-seven BALF were collected from the patients with lung cancer or benign pulmonary disorders.T-lymphocyte subpopulations were detected by 3-colour staining method of CD4FITC/CD8PE/CD3PerCP in flowcytometer.Results The percentage of Th and Ts cells were(35.76?7.71) % and(64.31?7.37) % respectively,and Th/Ts was(0.57 ? 0.18) in the BALF of lung cancer,while they were(49.27 ?12.88) %,(44.54 ?9.56) %,and(1.13 ?0.29) in the BALF with benign pulmonary disorders.The percentage of Th cells in the BALF of lung cancer were lower than that in the BALF of benign pulmonary disorders(P

I report a case of inverted follicular keratosis in a 68-year-old woman who presented a solitary, asymptomatic, slightly brownish verrucous nodule on her nose, present for 3 years. The lesion was characterized histologically by focal hyperkeratosis, marked acanthosis, horn cysts, numerous squamous eddies and sebaceous differentiation of the basaloid cells in the epidermis.
Aged ; Animals ; Epidermis ; Female ; Horns ; Humans ; Keratosis* ; Nose

This study was undertaken to investigate the response of nonimmunologic contact urticaria(NICU) test before and after ingestion of cimetidine, homoclorcyclizine and indomethacin. Thirty-five patients who showed positive reaction to 5% benzoic acid (BA) in petrolatum (pet) by 20 minutes closed patch test were chosen and divided into 4 groups. Group I was consisted of 10 patients who were taken cimetidine 200 mg single dose, group 2, 9 patients, taken hornoclorcyclizine 10mg single dose or 30mg divided dose, group 3. 8 patients, taken indomethacin 100 mg single dose and group 4. 8 patients, taken indomethacin 50 mg tid. All the patients were tested with 5%. 2.5%. l%, 0.5%, and 0. l% BA in pet using Leukotape on the riight arm before rnedication and next day on the left arm after medication of each drug. Cimetidine and homoclorcyclizine did not show any significant differences before and after ingestion of drugs. Indomethacin, the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, blocked the reaction completely in half of the patients and reduced the reaction in almost all patients, regardless of doses. This results suggested that NICU induced by BA is not mediated by histamine but probably by prostaglandins.
Arm ; Benzoic Acid ; Cimetidine ; Eating ; Histamine ; Humans ; Indomethacin ; Patch Tests ; Petrolatum ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Prostaglandins ; Urticaria*

Objective To evaluate the method of flow cytometric analysis of T lymphocyte subsets in bodyfluid of the pa-tients. Methods In ovder to get T lymphocytes by 3-colour staining method utilizing SSC/CD3Percp antibody,47 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and 50 were tested by flow cytometery. Results 1)The percentage of Th is (67.98±7.41) % ,Ts(27.36±6.41) % and Th/Ts(2.60±0.64)in BALF with lung cancer,and the percentage of Th is (37.61±4.8)% ,Ts(67.97±4.20)% ,and Th/Ts(0. 47±0.10)in BALF with lung cancer respectively, and the Th cells in BALF with lung cancer were lower than those in the benign pulmonary disorder(P<0.05), and the Th/Ts ratio was significantly lower while the Ts cells were significantly higher in BALF of lung cancer(P<0.01), comparied with the benign pulmonary disorder; 2)The percentage of Th is (35.76±7.71) % and Ts(64.31 ±7.37) % and Th/Ts(0. 57 ± 0. 18) in BALF with lung cancer, and the percentage of Th is(49.27 ± 12.88) %, Ts(44.54 ± 9. 56) %,and Th/Ts is (1.13 ± 0.29) in BALF with benign pulmonary disorder. The Th cells in BALF with lung cancer was lower than those in the benign pulmonary disorder(P<0.05) ,the Th/Ts ratio were significantly lower and the Ts cells were significantly higher in BALF of lung cancer(P<0.01) comparied with the benign pulmonary disorder;3)The percentage of This(35.76±7. 71) %,Tsis(64.31 ± 7.37) % and Th/Ts are(0.57 ± 0. 18) in BALF with lung cancer, and the percentage of Th is (49.27 ± 12. 88) %, Ts is (44.54 ± 9.56) %, and Th/Ts is(1.13 ± 0.29) in BALF with benign pulmonary disorder. Respectively, the Th cells in BALF with lung cancer were lower than those in the benign pulmonary disorder(P<0.05), the Th/Ts ratio were significantly low-er and the Ts cells were significantly higher in BALF of lung cancer(P<0.01)comparied with the benign pulmonary disorder. Con-clusion The immunity function in the patients with lung cancer was significantly decreased. Flow cytometric approach is valuable in analyzing T lymphocyte subsets in BALF.

Kidney is the most important organ to maintain the balance of hyperkalemia.Due to reduced glomerular filtration rate or renal tubule potassium excretion dysfunction, all kinds of acute and chronic kidney diseases can result in increased hyperkalemia.Therefore, hyperkalemia becomes a common electrolyte disorder in children with kidney disease.Hence, the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of renal hyperkalemia are particularly important for clinicians.

Objective To evaluate the stimulative role of the enhanced recovery program after surgery (ERAS) protocol in patients undergoing radical resection for gastric cancer.Methods A total of 102 consecutive patients undergoing elective gastric resection were included in either the ERAS (n =35,received ERAS perioperative treatment from June 2013 to June 2014) or the control group (n =67,received conventional perioperative treatment from June 2011 to June 2013).Outcomes related to nutrition index,stress index,and recovery index were measured.Results The nutritional index of patients (total lymphocyte count,serum albumin and prealbumin) in the ERAS group was improved on postoperative day (POD) 1 compared with that in the control group [(1.25±0.65) × 109/L vs (1.09±0.71) × 109/L,(36.4±5.2) g/L vs (31.3±4.1) g/L,(0.19±0.08) g/L vs (0.17±0.05) g/L,P ＜ 0.05,respectively].The level of negative nitrogen balance on POD 1 in the ERAS group was slightly lower than that in the control group (P ＞ 0.05),and the level of negative nitrogen balance on POD 7 in the ERAS group was higher than that in the control group (-0.93±2.17 vs -3.87±4.45,P ＜ 0.05).The postoperative cortisol level in the control group was elevated on both POD 1 (P ＜ 0.05) and POD 7 (P ＜ 0.05) compared to the preoperative level [(5.06±1.87) mg/L vs (3.60±1.5) mg/L],(5.15±1.33) mg/L vs (3.60±1.51) mg/L,P ＜ 0.05,respectively].However,the cortisol level was not increased until POD 7 in the ERAS group [(5.08±1.18) mg/L vs (3.20±1.43) mg/L,P ＜ 0.05].The level of IL-6 was elevated in postoperative period compared to preoperative period both in two groups (P ＜ 0.05).And the level of IFN-γin the ERAS group on POD 1 was reduced compared to the preoperative level (P ＜ 0.05).Whether in preoperative or postoperative,the level of IL-1β and TNF-α showed no statistical significance change.In addition,the postoperative recovery conditions (day of oral all-liquid recovery,first day of defecation,hospital stay,maximum pain on visual analogue scale) in the ERAS group were better than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rates of complications between the two groups were 13.4 ％ (9/67) and 17.1％ (6/35) respectively (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion ERAS protocol can alleviate surgical stress response and accelerate postoperative recovery without compromising patients' safety.

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a potent chemotactic and mitogenic factor, is involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis and platelet production. Our studies demonstrate the presence of functional PDGF receptors (PDGFR) on human megakaryocytes/platelets and CD34(+) cells, and their ability to mediate a mitogenic response. PDGF promotes the ex vivo expansion of human hematopoietic stem (CD34(+)) and progenitor (CD41(+)) cells. More significantly, PDGF enhances the engraftment of human CD45(+) cells and their myeloid subsets (CD33(+), CD14(+) cells) in NOD/SCID mice. PDGF also stimulates in vitro megakaryocytopoiesis via PDGFR and/or the indirect effect on bone marrow microenvironment to produce TPO and other cytokines. It also shows a direct stimulatory effect of PDGF on c-Fos, GATA-1 and NF-E2 expressions in megakaryocytes. We speculate that these transcription factors may be involved in the signal transduction of PDGF on the regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis. PDGF also enhances platelet recovery in mouse model with radiation-induced thrombocytopenia. This radioprotective effect is likely to be mediated via PDGFR with subsequent activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. It provides a possible explanation that blockage of PDGFR may reduce thrombopoiesis and play a role in imatinib mesylate-induced thrombocytopenia.
Animals ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Megakaryocytes ; cytology ; Mice ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Thrombopoiesis

This study was undertaken to investigate to compare the ratio of positive reactions to benzoic acid(BA), sorbic acid(SA) and cinnamic acid(CA) which are well known materials producing non-immunologic contact urticaria. Various concentrations(0.l% to 5%) and different vehicles(petrolatum, water, hydrophilic ointment base) were used in open and 20 minutes closed test using Finn chamber on Scanpor tape. One hundred total subjects were consisted of nonallergic patients and normal persons. The results were as follows ; 1. Total numbers of positive reactions were 69 in closed test(CT) and 60 in open test(OT), regardless of the materials and vehicles. 2. Total riumbers of positive reactions in BA, SA and CA were 68, 31, 35 in CT and 59, 20, 14 in OT respectably. 3. CT showed much more positive reactions than OT with all materials tested except 0.l% SA in water. 4. Hydrophilic ointment base showed a better reactivity than any other vehicles in CT. But in OT, petrolatum, water, hydrophilic ointment base showed better reactivity in BA, SA, CA respectably. 5. Almost all the reactions appeared within 45 minutes and disappeared within 3 hours. Erythema preceded edema and persisted 30 minutes to 1 hour after dissappearance of edema. 6 Itching, burning and tingling sensation were the only symptoms observed except. localized erythema and edema.
Benzoic Acid ; Burns ; Edema ; Erythema ; Humans ; Petrolatum ; Pruritus ; Sensation ; Sorbic Acid ; Urticaria* ; Water