In conventional pharmacological research in the field of mental disorders, pharmacological effect and dose have been estimated by ethological approach and in vitro data of affinity to the site of action. In addition, the frequency of administration has been estimated from drug kinetics in blood. However, there is a problem regarding an objective index of drug effects in the living body. Furthermore, the possibility that the concentration of drug in blood does not necessarily reflect the drug kinetics in target organs has been pointed out. Positron emission tomography (PET) techniques have made progress for more than 20 years, and made it possible to measure the distribution and kinetics of small molecule components in living brain. In this article, we focused on rational drug dosing using receptor occupancy and proof-of-concept of drugs in the drug development process using PET.
Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Drug Evaluation ; Electrons ; Kinetics ; Mental Disorders ; Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins

Because the corona disaster made group medical training difficult, we conducted resuscitation training for new students and basic medical skills training for fourth-year students without face-to-face instruction using video learning, assessment, and ICT. In the resuscitation training, the students were allowed to take a mannequin home and film themselves performing the resuscitation while learning by video. Later, group and peer assessment were conducted via Zoom, and a significant increase in self-assessment was observed. In the basic medical skills training, the students filmed their own implementation at their own pace while learning by video, and the teachers later conducted video assessment and feedback. The lack of face-to-face instruction made it possible to implement the limb spine training, which had not been possible in previous years. It is necessary to adjust the timing of the video registration by the students and the video assessment by the teachers, and to make further improvements to the system.

The Japan society of oriental medicine created a committee of medical safety in 2017. The first activity was to summarize the representative side effects of Kampo medicine and to enlighten members of our society about them. In this report, we documented the knowledge to keep in mind at present on pseudoaldosteronism, drug-induced liver injury, and drug-induced lung injury. Since these three major side effects may cause clinically severe conditions, it is very important to detect them early and take appropriate measures. Therefore, proper examinations at the right time are necessary while taking Kampo medicine.