OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinicopathological implications of Rb pathway alteration and E2F-1 expression in Epithelial ovarian cancer using immunohistochemical staining. METHODS: Tissue samples (n=72) were collected after staging operation between 1998 and 2004. RESULTS: In 72 cases, the overall expression of pRb, and E2F-1 were 59.7% (43/72), and 58.3% (42/72), respectively. pRb expression was inversely correlated with stage, histologic grade and mitotic index. E2F-1 expression was correlated with advanced stages, high grade, mitotic index, Ki-67 labeling index (LI). CONCLUSION: We suggest that Rb pathway alteration and E2F-1 expression could play roles as a new prognostic factors in Epithelial ovarian cancer.
Mitotic Index ; Ovarian Neoplasms*

OBJECTIVE: To find out the optimal conditions of human chromosomal analysis protocol in peripheral blood sample. METHODS: The experiments were made with the variations of phytohaemagglutinin, colcemid, ethidium bromide concentration and the variations of hypotonic solution exposure time. RESULTS: In the experiment on the optimal phytohaemagglutinin concentration, the highest mitotic index in the overall collected cells was obtained in phytohaemagglutinin concentration 15microL/ml. In the experiment on the concentration of mitotic arrestant colcemid, the proper chromosomal state that is meta phase stage and doesn't have many chromosomal crossings or tangles was obtained in colcemid concentration 0.05microg/ml. In the experiment on the optimal exposure time of hypotonic solution(0.075M KCl) treatment, the most suitable intervals between chromosomes were subtained in 20 minutes. In the experiment on the optimal concentration of ethidium bromide to obtain minute chromosomal bands, the best result was when ethidium bromide concentration 5microg/ml or 7.5microg/ml was addition to colcemid concentration 0.02microg/ml. CONCLUSION: The combination of phytohaemagglutinin 15microL/ml, colcemid 0.05microg/ml, hypotonic solution exposure time for 20 minutes is important to the collection of appropriate chromosome state in human chromosomal analysis using peripheral blood. In the case that needs to obtain minute bands, the elongated chromosomes are obtained when ethidium bromide 5microg/ml or 7.5microg/ml in addition to colcemid concentration 0.02microg/ml with the same conditions of phytohaemagglutinin and hypotonic solution.
Demecolcine ; Ethidium ; Humans ; Mitotic Index

BACKGROUND: Peripheral blood is the most frequently used specimen for routine chromosome analysis. The classical method using flask for cell culture needs a lot of reagent and is cumbersome. To simplify the procedure, we tried using culture tube and modifying the fixation method. The purpose of this study is to assess the reliability of the modified method using culture tube for chromosome analysis of peripheral blood. METHODS: We tested peripheral blood of ten normal healthy persons. In the modified method, culture tube (110 mm 16 mm, Nunc, Roskilde, Denmark) containing 2.25 mL RPMI 1640 supplemented with fetal calf serum and phytohemagglutinin was used. Harvest was done in the culture tube. Fixative 2.0 mL was added without centrifugation after hypotonic treatment. After 10 min incubation at room temperature, the cells were pelleted and washed. This method was compared with the reference method using flask. We evaluated the quality of chromosome and calculated mitotic index. RESULTS: Chromosome quality of the modified method using culture tube was good and the same as that of the reference method. Mitotic index was higher in the modified method (1.0~4.3%, mean 2.5%) than in the reference method (0.4~2.2%, mean 1.2%) (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The modified method needs less amount of reagent and is easy to do. The chromosome quality was good enough to evaluate the karyotype. So, this modification enable to improve the effectiveness of chromosome laboratory.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Centrifugation ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Mitotic Index

Meningiomas are common brain tumors that show a predilection for females and become more aggressive during pregnancy and menses. Clinical and epidemiological observations regarding meningiomas suggest a sex hormone dependency of these tumors. We reviewed the 47 intracranial meningiomas to examine the presence of the progesterone receptor(PR) by immunohistochemical methods and the relationships between the PR immunostaining status and other parameters, such as age, sex, tumor grade, mitotic index, and Ki-67 staining index. The PR staining status in these tumors was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffinembedded archival tissue sections utilizing the monoclonal antibody. The results are summarized as follows: 1) fifteen tumors(31.9%) tested were positive for the PR, 2) patients age and sex had no significant relationship with the PR positive rate of meningiomas(p=0.680, and 0.968, respectively), 3) although the positive immunostaining rate for the PR in benign meningiomas(37%) was higher than that in atypical and malignant meningiomas(25%), there was no statistically significant difference between these two groups(p=0.381), and 4) proliferative potentials such as the Ki-67 staining index and the mitotic index were not correlated with the PR staining status(p=0.4578 and 0.1981. respectively). We believe that further studies using large series of patients are needed to elucidate the role of the PR in meningiomas.
Brain Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Meningioma* ; Mitotic Index ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone* ; Receptors, Progesterone*

An abnormally enlarged right ovary and a mass in fat surrounding the right kidney were discovered in a dairy cow during routine postmortem examination at slaughter. The ovary was dark reddish and multinodular in shape. Numerous cystic structures were identified in the mass. Histopathologically, the ovary was completely replaced with large, uniform, polyhedral neoplastic cells containing vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The mitotic index was high. In the lymphatic vessels, tumor emboli were observed. Another mass in the fat surranding the right kidney had the same histological features as the ovarian mass. This animal was diagnosed with malignant dysgerminoma and metastasis to other peritoneal organs.
Animals ; Autopsy ; Dysgerminoma* ; Female ; Kidney ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Mitotic Index ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovary

Prognostic significance of the nuclear morphometry in 60 patients with initial T1 G II bladder tumor was evaluated. Clinical informations such as tumor size. multiplicity. recurrence pattern were abstracted and nuclear morphometric values such as mean nuclear area, standard deviation of nuclear area, mitotic activity index, volume-corrected mitotic index were analyzed from initial pathologic slide using image analyzer(Amersham RAS R-1000 receptor analysis system). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to define the influences of clinical informations and nuclear morphometric values on progression or recurrence of the tumors. In univariate analysis, mean nuclear area greater than 90um2, volume-corrected mitotic index greater than 24 and mitotic activity index greater then 15 influenced significantly to the tumor progression as well as recurrence. The standard deviation of nuclear area greater than 18um2 influenced significantly only to the tumor progression. In multivariate analysis, the most significant prognostic factor with respect to the progression was mean nuclear area. The group of patients with mean nuclear area greater than 90um2 showed 7.82 times more likely to progress. No significant prognostic factor was identified in multivariate analysis with respect to the recurrence. Nuclear morphometry provides valuable and objective informations to predict the possibility of progression in individual T1. Grade II bladder tumor patient.
Humans ; Mitotic Index ; Multivariate Analysis ; Recurrence ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is generally considered to be a rare benign renal tumor in neonates, requiring only total excision. However, an atypical mesoblastic nephroma (AMN) may behave aggressively, in contrast to a congenital mesoblastic nephroma. AMN shows atypical gross and microscopic features such as hemorrhage, necrosis, high cellularity, and a mitotic index. We report a case of atypical mesoblastic nephroma which presented in a 2 month-old male infant. Grossly, the tumor involved the upper and the midportion of the left kidney. On section, the cut surface was flesh,which was hemorrhagic necrotic, multicystic degenerative, grayish-white, and heterogenous. Microscopically, the tumor showed a high degree of cellularity and an arrangement of monophagic ovoid spindle cells in sheets and vague interlacing bundles. The individual tumor cells showed fusiform to oval nuclei, indistinct scanty pale-eosinophilic cytoplasm, and many mitotic features.
Cytoplasm ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney ; Male ; Mitotic Index ; Necrosis ; Nephroma, Mesoblastic*

PURPOSE: The mitotic index (MI) and Ki-67 labeling index have been used as cell proliferative markers in the various tumors. Topoisomerase II alpha (Topo II alpha) is also expressed in proliferating cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the MI, Ki-67, and Topo II alpha expression as proliferative markers of breast cancer. METHODS: The cell proliferative activity of 181 breast cancers was measured using MI, Ki-67 labeling index and Topo II alpha expression. The correlation between the measured markers was also analyzed. RESULTS: The MI, Ki-67, and Topo II alpha were significantly correlated with each other(p < 0.000). The MI and Ki-67 labeling index were associated with high histological grade, and absence of hormone receptor (p < 0.000). Topo II alpha expression was correlated with high histological grade (p < 0.000), absence of hormone receptor and HER-2/neu overexpression (p < 0.043). The MI, Ki-67, and Topo II alpha were not associated with any other clinical variables, such as age, tumor size, and lymph node status. CONCLUSION: The three proliferative indices were significantly associated with aggressive features of breast cancer, and significantly correlated with each other.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II ; Lymph Nodes ; Mitotic Index

Sister chromatid exchanges(SCEs) and cell cycle kinetics were proposed as a sensitive and quantitative assay for mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in short-term cultures of phytohemagglutinin(PHA)-stimulated human lymphocytes. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the relation between the cytotoxic effects and sister chromatid exchanges. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The frequency of SCEs per cell are 13.1+/-2.8 in the lower concentration of 6.25x10(-9) M and 75.8+/-8.2 in the highest concentration of 1.00+/-10(-7) M. Mitotic index is decreased in the higher concentration of mitomycin C. The result indicates that mitomycin C led to a dose dependent increase in SCE frequency, but decrease in mitotic index. 2) Chromosomal analysis was performed on metaphase cells that have divided one, two, and three or more times for cell cycle kinetics by fluorescence-plus-Giemsa(FPG) technique. According to the increased but the cells of third division are greatly decreased. 3) The frequency of SCEs per chromosome by chromocomal group are decreased gradually from A group to G group. But relationships between specific chromosomal group and SCEs frequency are not found.
Cell Cycle ; Chromatids ; Humans ; Humans* ; Kinetics ; Lymphocytes ; Metaphase ; Mitomycin* ; Mitotic Index ; Siblings* ; Sister Chromatid Exchange*

The relationship between the prognostic factors and recurrence was investigated in the followup study of patients with 51 superficial (stage Ta to T1) transitional cell bladder carcinomas for more than 3 years. WHO grade, modified Bergkvist grade and number of tumor were related to mitotic indices( p <0.05), but size of tumor was related to MAI only(p<0.05) In univariate analysis of prognostic factors, mitotic indices, number of tumor and posterior wall involvement were related to 3-year recurrence(p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis of prognostic factors, which were significantly related in univariate analysis, VCM and posterior wall involvement were related to 3-year recurrence and their hazard ratios were 9.33 times and 6.16 times In recurrence-free survival curve of prognostic factors, mitotic indices, number of tumor and posterior wall involvement were related (p <0.05). In classifying WHO grade 2 according to modified Bergkvist grade and mitotic indices, they were related to recurrence (p <0.05). The results show that superficial transitional cell bladder carcinomas can be efficiently categorized into prognostic groups by mitotic indices and the results provide a new classification system for superficial transitional cell bladder carcinomas.
Classification ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mitotic Index* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Recurrence ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*