OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinicopathological implications of Rb pathway alteration and E2F-1 expression in Epithelial ovarian cancer using immunohistochemical staining. METHODS: Tissue samples (n=72) were collected after staging operation between 1998 and 2004. RESULTS: In 72 cases, the overall expression of pRb, and E2F-1 were 59.7% (43/72), and 58.3% (42/72), respectively. pRb expression was inversely correlated with stage, histologic grade and mitotic index. E2F-1 expression was correlated with advanced stages, high grade, mitotic index, Ki-67 labeling index (LI). CONCLUSION: We suggest that Rb pathway alteration and E2F-1 expression could play roles as a new prognostic factors in Epithelial ovarian cancer.
Mitotic Index ; Ovarian Neoplasms*

OBJECTIVE: To find out the optimal conditions of human chromosomal analysis protocol in peripheral blood sample. METHODS: The experiments were made with the variations of phytohaemagglutinin, colcemid, ethidium bromide concentration and the variations of hypotonic solution exposure time. RESULTS: In the experiment on the optimal phytohaemagglutinin concentration, the highest mitotic index in the overall collected cells was obtained in phytohaemagglutinin concentration 15microL/ml. In the experiment on the concentration of mitotic arrestant colcemid, the proper chromosomal state that is meta phase stage and doesn't have many chromosomal crossings or tangles was obtained in colcemid concentration 0.05microg/ml. In the experiment on the optimal exposure time of hypotonic solution(0.075M KCl) treatment, the most suitable intervals between chromosomes were subtained in 20 minutes. In the experiment on the optimal concentration of ethidium bromide to obtain minute chromosomal bands, the best result was when ethidium bromide concentration 5microg/ml or 7.5microg/ml was addition to colcemid concentration 0.02microg/ml. CONCLUSION: The combination of phytohaemagglutinin 15microL/ml, colcemid 0.05microg/ml, hypotonic solution exposure time for 20 minutes is important to the collection of appropriate chromosome state in human chromosomal analysis using peripheral blood. In the case that needs to obtain minute bands, the elongated chromosomes are obtained when ethidium bromide 5microg/ml or 7.5microg/ml in addition to colcemid concentration 0.02microg/ml with the same conditions of phytohaemagglutinin and hypotonic solution.
Demecolcine ; Ethidium ; Humans ; Mitotic Index

BACKGROUND: Peripheral blood is the most frequently used specimen for routine chromosome analysis. The classical method using flask for cell culture needs a lot of reagent and is cumbersome. To simplify the procedure, we tried using culture tube and modifying the fixation method. The purpose of this study is to assess the reliability of the modified method using culture tube for chromosome analysis of peripheral blood. METHODS: We tested peripheral blood of ten normal healthy persons. In the modified method, culture tube (110 mm 16 mm, Nunc, Roskilde, Denmark) containing 2.25 mL RPMI 1640 supplemented with fetal calf serum and phytohemagglutinin was used. Harvest was done in the culture tube. Fixative 2.0 mL was added without centrifugation after hypotonic treatment. After 10 min incubation at room temperature, the cells were pelleted and washed. This method was compared with the reference method using flask. We evaluated the quality of chromosome and calculated mitotic index. RESULTS: Chromosome quality of the modified method using culture tube was good and the same as that of the reference method. Mitotic index was higher in the modified method (1.0~4.3%, mean 2.5%) than in the reference method (0.4~2.2%, mean 1.2%) (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The modified method needs less amount of reagent and is easy to do. The chromosome quality was good enough to evaluate the karyotype. So, this modification enable to improve the effectiveness of chromosome laboratory.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Centrifugation ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Mitotic Index

An abnormally enlarged right ovary and a mass in fat surrounding the right kidney were discovered in a dairy cow during routine postmortem examination at slaughter. The ovary was dark reddish and multinodular in shape. Numerous cystic structures were identified in the mass. Histopathologically, the ovary was completely replaced with large, uniform, polyhedral neoplastic cells containing vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The mitotic index was high. In the lymphatic vessels, tumor emboli were observed. Another mass in the fat surranding the right kidney had the same histological features as the ovarian mass. This animal was diagnosed with malignant dysgerminoma and metastasis to other peritoneal organs.
Animals ; Autopsy ; Dysgerminoma* ; Female ; Kidney ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Mitotic Index ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovary

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a relatively rare disease accounted for less than 1% of gastrointestinal tumors. In the past, surgery is the only reliable therapy for the locoregional GISTs. But with the development of the specific target agents such as imatinib or sunitinib, advanced metastatic GIST can be cured now. GISTs are incidentally found by endoscopic ultrasound or laparoscopic surgery for the abdominal mass and positive immunostain for KIT with characteristic histopathology is mandatory for the diagnosis. Mutational analyses for KIT and PDGFRA is helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of GISTs. Because most GISTs are potentially malignant and surgery itself has high recurrence rate, it should be treated at an early stage and chemotherapy should be considered aggressively. The tumor size, mitotic index, and the involved organs are important prognostic factors. In this paper, the pathogenesis of histopathology, clinical diagnosis and treatment of GISTs were reviewed.
Benzamides ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; Indoles ; Laparoscopy ; Mitotic Index ; Piperazines ; Pyrimidines ; Pyrroles ; Rare Diseases ; Recurrence ; Imatinib Mesylate

PURPOSE: p27(Kip1) is a member of the Cip/Kip family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. It binds to a variety of cyclin/CDK complexes, inhibits kinase activity and blocks the cell cycle as a negative regulator. Reduced p27(Kip1) expression has been reported to be a significant predictor of poor survival in numerous human breast cancers. We executed p27(Kip1) protein assay in primary breast cancer and compared these result with known prognostic parameters. METHODS: Immunohistochemical assay was performed on tissue microarrays from 183 patients with breast cancer to evaluate the biologic and clinical significance of p27(Kip1) expression. RESULTS: Decreased p27(Kip1) expression was significantly associated with clinical stage (P=0.027), low nuclear grade (P<0.001), high histologic grade (P<0.001), high score mitotic index (P<0.001), increased Ki67 labeled index (P=0.006) and negative estrogen receptor status (P=0.0024). In survival analysis, p27(Kip1) was useful to predict disease- free survival (P=0.0106) and overall survival (P=0.0154) of the patient after surgery followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy. CONCLUSION: Reduced expression of p27(Kip1) protein was as sociated with biologically aggressive phenotype of breast cancer and was an useful to predict patient outcome.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cell Cycle ; Drug Therapy ; Estrogens ; Humans* ; Mitotic Index ; Phenotype ; Phosphotransferases ; Prognosis

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is generally considered to be a rare benign renal tumor in neonates, requiring only total excision. However, an atypical mesoblastic nephroma (AMN) may behave aggressively, in contrast to a congenital mesoblastic nephroma. AMN shows atypical gross and microscopic features such as hemorrhage, necrosis, high cellularity, and a mitotic index. We report a case of atypical mesoblastic nephroma which presented in a 2 month-old male infant. Grossly, the tumor involved the upper and the midportion of the left kidney. On section, the cut surface was flesh,which was hemorrhagic necrotic, multicystic degenerative, grayish-white, and heterogenous. Microscopically, the tumor showed a high degree of cellularity and an arrangement of monophagic ovoid spindle cells in sheets and vague interlacing bundles. The individual tumor cells showed fusiform to oval nuclei, indistinct scanty pale-eosinophilic cytoplasm, and many mitotic features.
Cytoplasm ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney ; Male ; Mitotic Index ; Necrosis ; Nephroma, Mesoblastic*

Sister chromatid exchanges(SCEs) and cell cycle kinetics were proposed as a sensitive and quantitative assay for mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in short-term cultures of phytohemagglutinin(PHA)-stimulated human lymphocytes. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the relation between the cytotoxic effects and sister chromatid exchanges. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The frequency of SCEs per cell are 13.1+/-2.8 in the lower concentration of 6.25x10(-9) M and 75.8+/-8.2 in the highest concentration of 1.00+/-10(-7) M. Mitotic index is decreased in the higher concentration of mitomycin C. The result indicates that mitomycin C led to a dose dependent increase in SCE frequency, but decrease in mitotic index. 2) Chromosomal analysis was performed on metaphase cells that have divided one, two, and three or more times for cell cycle kinetics by fluorescence-plus-Giemsa(FPG) technique. According to the increased but the cells of third division are greatly decreased. 3) The frequency of SCEs per chromosome by chromocomal group are decreased gradually from A group to G group. But relationships between specific chromosomal group and SCEs frequency are not found.
Cell Cycle ; Chromatids ; Humans ; Humans* ; Kinetics ; Lymphocytes ; Metaphase ; Mitomycin* ; Mitotic Index ; Siblings* ; Sister Chromatid Exchange*

Meningiomas are common brain tumors that show a predilection for females and become more aggressive during pregnancy and menses. Clinical and epidemiological observations regarding meningiomas suggest a sex hormone dependency of these tumors. We reviewed the 47 intracranial meningiomas to examine the presence of the progesterone receptor(PR) by immunohistochemical methods and the relationships between the PR immunostaining status and other parameters, such as age, sex, tumor grade, mitotic index, and Ki-67 staining index. The PR staining status in these tumors was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffinembedded archival tissue sections utilizing the monoclonal antibody. The results are summarized as follows: 1) fifteen tumors(31.9%) tested were positive for the PR, 2) patients age and sex had no significant relationship with the PR positive rate of meningiomas(p=0.680, and 0.968, respectively), 3) although the positive immunostaining rate for the PR in benign meningiomas(37%) was higher than that in atypical and malignant meningiomas(25%), there was no statistically significant difference between these two groups(p=0.381), and 4) proliferative potentials such as the Ki-67 staining index and the mitotic index were not correlated with the PR staining status(p=0.4578 and 0.1981. respectively). We believe that further studies using large series of patients are needed to elucidate the role of the PR in meningiomas.
Brain Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Meningioma* ; Mitotic Index ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone* ; Receptors, Progesterone*

Rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are not uncommon. Recently, the incidence of rectal NETs has increased markedly due to the widespread use of screening colonoscopy. Most rectal NETs detected incidentally are asymptomatic and at an early stage at diagnosis. Typical NETs < 10 mm in size and confined to the submucosal layer can be resected completely using various endoscopic treatments. These NETs have a good prognosis. However, not all NETs necessarily have good prognoses; those > 10 mm in size, with ulceration or depression, muscularis invasion seen on endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), lymphovascular invasion, or a high mitotic index histologically are associated with metastasis. Generally, NETs < 10 mm can be treated endoscopically, while those > 20 mm should be resected surgically. The treatment of NETs between 10 and 20 mm is controversial. For these, it is necessary to choose an effective, safe primary resection method to ensure complete resection and to perform a careful histological examination of the resected tissue.
Colonoscopy ; Depression ; Diagnosis* ; Endosonography ; Incidence ; Mass Screening ; Mitotic Index ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neuroendocrine Tumors* ; Prognosis ; Rectum ; Ulcer