OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinicopathological implications of Rb pathway alteration and E2F-1 expression in Epithelial ovarian cancer using immunohistochemical staining. METHODS: Tissue samples (n=72) were collected after staging operation between 1998 and 2004. RESULTS: In 72 cases, the overall expression of pRb, and E2F-1 were 59.7% (43/72), and 58.3% (42/72), respectively. pRb expression was inversely correlated with stage, histologic grade and mitotic index. E2F-1 expression was correlated with advanced stages, high grade, mitotic index, Ki-67 labeling index (LI). CONCLUSION: We suggest that Rb pathway alteration and E2F-1 expression could play roles as a new prognostic factors in Epithelial ovarian cancer.
Mitotic Index ; Ovarian Neoplasms*

OBJECTIVE: To find out the optimal conditions of human chromosomal analysis protocol in peripheral blood sample. METHODS: The experiments were made with the variations of phytohaemagglutinin, colcemid, ethidium bromide concentration and the variations of hypotonic solution exposure time. RESULTS: In the experiment on the optimal phytohaemagglutinin concentration, the highest mitotic index in the overall collected cells was obtained in phytohaemagglutinin concentration 15microL/ml. In the experiment on the concentration of mitotic arrestant colcemid, the proper chromosomal state that is meta phase stage and doesn't have many chromosomal crossings or tangles was obtained in colcemid concentration 0.05microg/ml. In the experiment on the optimal exposure time of hypotonic solution(0.075M KCl) treatment, the most suitable intervals between chromosomes were subtained in 20 minutes. In the experiment on the optimal concentration of ethidium bromide to obtain minute chromosomal bands, the best result was when ethidium bromide concentration 5microg/ml or 7.5microg/ml was addition to colcemid concentration 0.02microg/ml. CONCLUSION: The combination of phytohaemagglutinin 15microL/ml, colcemid 0.05microg/ml, hypotonic solution exposure time for 20 minutes is important to the collection of appropriate chromosome state in human chromosomal analysis using peripheral blood. In the case that needs to obtain minute bands, the elongated chromosomes are obtained when ethidium bromide 5microg/ml or 7.5microg/ml in addition to colcemid concentration 0.02microg/ml with the same conditions of phytohaemagglutinin and hypotonic solution.
Demecolcine ; Ethidium ; Humans ; Mitotic Index

BACKGROUND: Peripheral blood is the most frequently used specimen for routine chromosome analysis. The classical method using flask for cell culture needs a lot of reagent and is cumbersome. To simplify the procedure, we tried using culture tube and modifying the fixation method. The purpose of this study is to assess the reliability of the modified method using culture tube for chromosome analysis of peripheral blood. METHODS: We tested peripheral blood of ten normal healthy persons. In the modified method, culture tube (110 mm 16 mm, Nunc, Roskilde, Denmark) containing 2.25 mL RPMI 1640 supplemented with fetal calf serum and phytohemagglutinin was used. Harvest was done in the culture tube. Fixative 2.0 mL was added without centrifugation after hypotonic treatment. After 10 min incubation at room temperature, the cells were pelleted and washed. This method was compared with the reference method using flask. We evaluated the quality of chromosome and calculated mitotic index. RESULTS: Chromosome quality of the modified method using culture tube was good and the same as that of the reference method. Mitotic index was higher in the modified method (1.0~4.3%, mean 2.5%) than in the reference method (0.4~2.2%, mean 1.2%) (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The modified method needs less amount of reagent and is easy to do. The chromosome quality was good enough to evaluate the karyotype. So, this modification enable to improve the effectiveness of chromosome laboratory.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Centrifugation ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Mitotic Index

Meningiomas are common brain tumors that show a predilection for females and become more aggressive during pregnancy and menses. Clinical and epidemiological observations regarding meningiomas suggest a sex hormone dependency of these tumors. We reviewed the 47 intracranial meningiomas to examine the presence of the progesterone receptor(PR) by immunohistochemical methods and the relationships between the PR immunostaining status and other parameters, such as age, sex, tumor grade, mitotic index, and Ki-67 staining index. The PR staining status in these tumors was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffinembedded archival tissue sections utilizing the monoclonal antibody. The results are summarized as follows: 1) fifteen tumors(31.9%) tested were positive for the PR, 2) patients age and sex had no significant relationship with the PR positive rate of meningiomas(p=0.680, and 0.968, respectively), 3) although the positive immunostaining rate for the PR in benign meningiomas(37%) was higher than that in atypical and malignant meningiomas(25%), there was no statistically significant difference between these two groups(p=0.381), and 4) proliferative potentials such as the Ki-67 staining index and the mitotic index were not correlated with the PR staining status(p=0.4578 and 0.1981. respectively). We believe that further studies using large series of patients are needed to elucidate the role of the PR in meningiomas.
Brain Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Meningioma* ; Mitotic Index ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone* ; Receptors, Progesterone*

Congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) is generally considered to be a rare benign renal tumor in neonates, requiring only total excision. However, an atypical mesoblastic nephroma (AMN) may behave aggressively, in contrast to a congenital mesoblastic nephroma. AMN shows atypical gross and microscopic features such as hemorrhage, necrosis, high cellularity, and a mitotic index. We report a case of atypical mesoblastic nephroma which presented in a 2 month-old male infant. Grossly, the tumor involved the upper and the midportion of the left kidney. On section, the cut surface was flesh,which was hemorrhagic necrotic, multicystic degenerative, grayish-white, and heterogenous. Microscopically, the tumor showed a high degree of cellularity and an arrangement of monophagic ovoid spindle cells in sheets and vague interlacing bundles. The individual tumor cells showed fusiform to oval nuclei, indistinct scanty pale-eosinophilic cytoplasm, and many mitotic features.
Cytoplasm ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney ; Male ; Mitotic Index ; Necrosis ; Nephroma, Mesoblastic*

Prognostic significance of the nuclear morphometry in 60 patients with initial T1 G II bladder tumor was evaluated. Clinical informations such as tumor size. multiplicity. recurrence pattern were abstracted and nuclear morphometric values such as mean nuclear area, standard deviation of nuclear area, mitotic activity index, volume-corrected mitotic index were analyzed from initial pathologic slide using image analyzer(Amersham RAS R-1000 receptor analysis system). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to define the influences of clinical informations and nuclear morphometric values on progression or recurrence of the tumors. In univariate analysis, mean nuclear area greater than 90um2, volume-corrected mitotic index greater than 24 and mitotic activity index greater then 15 influenced significantly to the tumor progression as well as recurrence. The standard deviation of nuclear area greater than 18um2 influenced significantly only to the tumor progression. In multivariate analysis, the most significant prognostic factor with respect to the progression was mean nuclear area. The group of patients with mean nuclear area greater than 90um2 showed 7.82 times more likely to progress. No significant prognostic factor was identified in multivariate analysis with respect to the recurrence. Nuclear morphometry provides valuable and objective informations to predict the possibility of progression in individual T1. Grade II bladder tumor patient.
Humans ; Mitotic Index ; Multivariate Analysis ; Recurrence ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

An abnormally enlarged right ovary and a mass in fat surrounding the right kidney were discovered in a dairy cow during routine postmortem examination at slaughter. The ovary was dark reddish and multinodular in shape. Numerous cystic structures were identified in the mass. Histopathologically, the ovary was completely replaced with large, uniform, polyhedral neoplastic cells containing vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The mitotic index was high. In the lymphatic vessels, tumor emboli were observed. Another mass in the fat surranding the right kidney had the same histological features as the ovarian mass. This animal was diagnosed with malignant dysgerminoma and metastasis to other peritoneal organs.
Animals ; Autopsy ; Dysgerminoma* ; Female ; Kidney ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Mitotic Index ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovary

Trichilemmal carcinoma is a rare adnexal tumor originating from outer root sheath of hair follicle. We report a case of trichilemmal carcinoma occurring on the scalp. A 71-year-old women presented with a nodule on the vertex of scalp. Histopathologically, tumor cells showed a lobular proliferation in continuity with the epidermis. The lobules showed peripheral palisading and trichilemmal keratinization. The prominent tumor cells were large cells with PAS-reactive, diastase-sensitive, clear cytoplasm. Striking cytologic atypia and high mitotic index were found. Total excision was done and the patient has been free of recurrence or metastasis for 1 year.
Aged ; Cytoplasm ; Epidermis ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Mitotic Index ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Scalp ; Strikes, Employee

BACKGROUND: The KCl hypotonic treatment is important for swelling the cells and adequate spreading of chromosomes on the slide. Cytogenetic laboratory usually use 0.075M KCl solution. Sometimes, it is difficult to obtain enough and good quality of metaphase cells, because of inadequate hypotonic treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mitotic index and band resolution according to the different KCl concentration. METHODS: The group I included blood specimens obtained from 14 newborns (median age 1 day, range 1-8 days) and 4 cord blood. The group II included 16 persons whose median age was 28 years (1-37 years). The blood was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium with fetal calf serum and phytohemagglutinin for 72 hours. Mitosis was arrested by adding colcemid (100 ng/mL). The hypotonic treatment was done by adding different KCl concentration such as 0.075M, 0.068M and 0.057M for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C. The mitotic index was calculated as the number of metaphase cells per total 1,000 cells. The band resolution was evaluated by 2 persons independently. RESULTS: For group I, the mitotic index was not different according to the KCl concentration; 0.075M, 18.8 (5.5~31.5); 0.068M, 22.3 (11~32.5); 0.057M, 20.5 (2.5~29), (P=0.137). The proportion of cells with 400 or more band resolution was significantly higher in specimens treated with 0.068M KCl than those treated with 0.075M KCl; 0.075M, 67.8% (56~92.5); 0.068M, 73.6% (46.1~84.6); 0.057M, 71.6% (63~89.2), (P=0.027). For group II, the results were similar to those of group I. The mitotic index was as follows; 0.075M, 22.3 (5~28); 0.068M, 26 (4~34.5); 0.057M, 21.5 (2.5~36.5), (P=0.568). The proportion of cells with 400 or more band resolution was as follows; 0.075M, 66.6% (42.8~83.3); 0.068M, 69.7% (54.3~87.5); 0.057M, 68.2% (50~78.6) (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: For 0.068M or 0.057M KCl treatment, band resolution was improved, while the mitotic index was similar to that of 0.075M KCl. We suggest use of 0.068M or 0.057M KCl hypotonic treatment in addition to 0.075M KCl for chromosome preparation of peripheral blood.
Cytogenetics ; Demecolcine ; Fetal Blood ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Metaphase ; Mitosis ; Mitotic Index*

BACKGROUND: Counting mitoses is subjective and time-consuming. The adjunctive diagnostic utility of a recently reported mitotic marker, phosphohistone H3 (PHH3), was investigated in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). METHODS: We reviewed 77 GISTs for several proliferative indices. These included the mitotic count per 50 high power fields (HPFs), the immunohistochemical Ki-67 labeling index and the immunohistochemical PHH3 mitotic index (MI). For comparison, Spearman's rank correlation and interclass correlation coefficient were used. RESULTS: Mitotic counts ranged from 0-138 (mean, 7.57+/-2.34) and the PHH3 MI ranged from 0-126 per 50 HPFs (mean, 9.61+/-2.27). We found a positive correlation between mitotic counts and PHH3 MI (r=0.810, p<.001). The inter-observer correlation coefficient for three participants was 0.975 for mitotic counts and 0.940 for the PHH3 MI. When using the PHH3 MI instead of mitotic counts in the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) stratification criteria, 10 cases were reclassified. In one patient with a mitotic count of 2 and a PHH3 MI of 6 per 50 HPFs, distant metastasis occurred. CONCLUSIONS: In GISTs, the PHH3 MI correlated adequately with mitotic counts and can be used as a useful adjunctive to count mitotic figures efficiently.
Arm ; Biomarkers ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors* ; Humans ; Mitosis ; Mitotic Index ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pathology