OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinicopathological implications of Rb pathway alteration and E2F-1 expression in Epithelial ovarian cancer using immunohistochemical staining. METHODS: Tissue samples (n=72) were collected after staging operation between 1998 and 2004. RESULTS: In 72 cases, the overall expression of pRb, and E2F-1 were 59.7% (43/72), and 58.3% (42/72), respectively. pRb expression was inversely correlated with stage, histologic grade and mitotic index. E2F-1 expression was correlated with advanced stages, high grade, mitotic index, Ki-67 labeling index (LI). CONCLUSION: We suggest that Rb pathway alteration and E2F-1 expression could play roles as a new prognostic factors in Epithelial ovarian cancer.
Mitotic Index ; Ovarian Neoplasms*

OBJECTIVE: To find out the optimal conditions of human chromosomal analysis protocol in peripheral blood sample. METHODS: The experiments were made with the variations of phytohaemagglutinin, colcemid, ethidium bromide concentration and the variations of hypotonic solution exposure time. RESULTS: In the experiment on the optimal phytohaemagglutinin concentration, the highest mitotic index in the overall collected cells was obtained in phytohaemagglutinin concentration 15microL/ml. In the experiment on the concentration of mitotic arrestant colcemid, the proper chromosomal state that is meta phase stage and doesn't have many chromosomal crossings or tangles was obtained in colcemid concentration 0.05microg/ml. In the experiment on the optimal exposure time of hypotonic solution(0.075M KCl) treatment, the most suitable intervals between chromosomes were subtained in 20 minutes. In the experiment on the optimal concentration of ethidium bromide to obtain minute chromosomal bands, the best result was when ethidium bromide concentration 5microg/ml or 7.5microg/ml was addition to colcemid concentration 0.02microg/ml. CONCLUSION: The combination of phytohaemagglutinin 15microL/ml, colcemid 0.05microg/ml, hypotonic solution exposure time for 20 minutes is important to the collection of appropriate chromosome state in human chromosomal analysis using peripheral blood. In the case that needs to obtain minute bands, the elongated chromosomes are obtained when ethidium bromide 5microg/ml or 7.5microg/ml in addition to colcemid concentration 0.02microg/ml with the same conditions of phytohaemagglutinin and hypotonic solution.
Demecolcine ; Ethidium ; Humans ; Mitotic Index

BACKGROUND: Peripheral blood is the most frequently used specimen for routine chromosome analysis. The classical method using flask for cell culture needs a lot of reagent and is cumbersome. To simplify the procedure, we tried using culture tube and modifying the fixation method. The purpose of this study is to assess the reliability of the modified method using culture tube for chromosome analysis of peripheral blood. METHODS: We tested peripheral blood of ten normal healthy persons. In the modified method, culture tube (110 mm 16 mm, Nunc, Roskilde, Denmark) containing 2.25 mL RPMI 1640 supplemented with fetal calf serum and phytohemagglutinin was used. Harvest was done in the culture tube. Fixative 2.0 mL was added without centrifugation after hypotonic treatment. After 10 min incubation at room temperature, the cells were pelleted and washed. This method was compared with the reference method using flask. We evaluated the quality of chromosome and calculated mitotic index. RESULTS: Chromosome quality of the modified method using culture tube was good and the same as that of the reference method. Mitotic index was higher in the modified method (1.0~4.3%, mean 2.5%) than in the reference method (0.4~2.2%, mean 1.2%) (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The modified method needs less amount of reagent and is easy to do. The chromosome quality was good enough to evaluate the karyotype. So, this modification enable to improve the effectiveness of chromosome laboratory.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Centrifugation ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Mitotic Index

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a relatively rare disease accounted for less than 1% of gastrointestinal tumors. In the past, surgery is the only reliable therapy for the locoregional GISTs. But with the development of the specific target agents such as imatinib or sunitinib, advanced metastatic GIST can be cured now. GISTs are incidentally found by endoscopic ultrasound or laparoscopic surgery for the abdominal mass and positive immunostain for KIT with characteristic histopathology is mandatory for the diagnosis. Mutational analyses for KIT and PDGFRA is helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of GISTs. Because most GISTs are potentially malignant and surgery itself has high recurrence rate, it should be treated at an early stage and chemotherapy should be considered aggressively. The tumor size, mitotic index, and the involved organs are important prognostic factors. In this paper, the pathogenesis of histopathology, clinical diagnosis and treatment of GISTs were reviewed.
Benzamides ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; Indoles ; Laparoscopy ; Mitotic Index ; Piperazines ; Pyrimidines ; Pyrroles ; Rare Diseases ; Recurrence ; Imatinib Mesylate

Rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are not uncommon. Recently, the incidence of rectal NETs has increased markedly due to the widespread use of screening colonoscopy. Most rectal NETs detected incidentally are asymptomatic and at an early stage at diagnosis. Typical NETs < 10 mm in size and confined to the submucosal layer can be resected completely using various endoscopic treatments. These NETs have a good prognosis. However, not all NETs necessarily have good prognoses; those > 10 mm in size, with ulceration or depression, muscularis invasion seen on endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), lymphovascular invasion, or a high mitotic index histologically are associated with metastasis. Generally, NETs < 10 mm can be treated endoscopically, while those > 20 mm should be resected surgically. The treatment of NETs between 10 and 20 mm is controversial. For these, it is necessary to choose an effective, safe primary resection method to ensure complete resection and to perform a careful histological examination of the resected tissue.
Colonoscopy ; Depression ; Diagnosis* ; Endosonography ; Incidence ; Mass Screening ; Mitotic Index ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neuroendocrine Tumors* ; Prognosis ; Rectum ; Ulcer

Meningiomas are common brain tumors that show a predilection for females and become more aggressive during pregnancy and menses. Clinical and epidemiological observations regarding meningiomas suggest a sex hormone dependency of these tumors. We reviewed the 47 intracranial meningiomas to examine the presence of the progesterone receptor(PR) by immunohistochemical methods and the relationships between the PR immunostaining status and other parameters, such as age, sex, tumor grade, mitotic index, and Ki-67 staining index. The PR staining status in these tumors was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffinembedded archival tissue sections utilizing the monoclonal antibody. The results are summarized as follows: 1) fifteen tumors(31.9%) tested were positive for the PR, 2) patients age and sex had no significant relationship with the PR positive rate of meningiomas(p=0.680, and 0.968, respectively), 3) although the positive immunostaining rate for the PR in benign meningiomas(37%) was higher than that in atypical and malignant meningiomas(25%), there was no statistically significant difference between these two groups(p=0.381), and 4) proliferative potentials such as the Ki-67 staining index and the mitotic index were not correlated with the PR staining status(p=0.4578 and 0.1981. respectively). We believe that further studies using large series of patients are needed to elucidate the role of the PR in meningiomas.
Brain Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Meningioma* ; Mitotic Index ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone* ; Receptors, Progesterone*

Sister chromatid exchanges(SCEs) and cell cycle kinetics were proposed as a sensitive and quantitative assay for mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in short-term cultures of phytohemagglutinin(PHA)-stimulated human lymphocytes. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the relation between the cytotoxic effects and sister chromatid exchanges. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The frequency of SCEs per cell are 13.1+/-2.8 in the lower concentration of 6.25x10(-9) M and 75.8+/-8.2 in the highest concentration of 1.00+/-10(-7) M. Mitotic index is decreased in the higher concentration of mitomycin C. The result indicates that mitomycin C led to a dose dependent increase in SCE frequency, but decrease in mitotic index. 2) Chromosomal analysis was performed on metaphase cells that have divided one, two, and three or more times for cell cycle kinetics by fluorescence-plus-Giemsa(FPG) technique. According to the increased but the cells of third division are greatly decreased. 3) The frequency of SCEs per chromosome by chromocomal group are decreased gradually from A group to G group. But relationships between specific chromosomal group and SCEs frequency are not found.
Cell Cycle ; Chromatids ; Humans ; Humans* ; Kinetics ; Lymphocytes ; Metaphase ; Mitomycin* ; Mitotic Index ; Siblings* ; Sister Chromatid Exchange*

Trichilemmal carcinoma is a rare adnexal tumor originating from outer root sheath of hair follicle. We report a case of trichilemmal carcinoma occurring on the scalp. A 71-year-old women presented with a nodule on the vertex of scalp. Histopathologically, tumor cells showed a lobular proliferation in continuity with the epidermis. The lobules showed peripheral palisading and trichilemmal keratinization. The prominent tumor cells were large cells with PAS-reactive, diastase-sensitive, clear cytoplasm. Striking cytologic atypia and high mitotic index were found. Total excision was done and the patient has been free of recurrence or metastasis for 1 year.
Aged ; Cytoplasm ; Epidermis ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Mitotic Index ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Scalp ; Strikes, Employee

BACKGROUND: The KCl hypotonic treatment is important for swelling the cells and adequate spreading of chromosomes on the slide. Cytogenetic laboratory usually use 0.075M KCl solution. Sometimes, it is difficult to obtain enough and good quality of metaphase cells, because of inadequate hypotonic treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mitotic index and band resolution according to the different KCl concentration. METHODS: The group I included blood specimens obtained from 14 newborns (median age 1 day, range 1-8 days) and 4 cord blood. The group II included 16 persons whose median age was 28 years (1-37 years). The blood was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium with fetal calf serum and phytohemagglutinin for 72 hours. Mitosis was arrested by adding colcemid (100 ng/mL). The hypotonic treatment was done by adding different KCl concentration such as 0.075M, 0.068M and 0.057M for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C. The mitotic index was calculated as the number of metaphase cells per total 1,000 cells. The band resolution was evaluated by 2 persons independently. RESULTS: For group I, the mitotic index was not different according to the KCl concentration; 0.075M, 18.8 (5.5~31.5); 0.068M, 22.3 (11~32.5); 0.057M, 20.5 (2.5~29), (P=0.137). The proportion of cells with 400 or more band resolution was significantly higher in specimens treated with 0.068M KCl than those treated with 0.075M KCl; 0.075M, 67.8% (56~92.5); 0.068M, 73.6% (46.1~84.6); 0.057M, 71.6% (63~89.2), (P=0.027). For group II, the results were similar to those of group I. The mitotic index was as follows; 0.075M, 22.3 (5~28); 0.068M, 26 (4~34.5); 0.057M, 21.5 (2.5~36.5), (P=0.568). The proportion of cells with 400 or more band resolution was as follows; 0.075M, 66.6% (42.8~83.3); 0.068M, 69.7% (54.3~87.5); 0.057M, 68.2% (50~78.6) (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: For 0.068M or 0.057M KCl treatment, band resolution was improved, while the mitotic index was similar to that of 0.075M KCl. We suggest use of 0.068M or 0.057M KCl hypotonic treatment in addition to 0.075M KCl for chromosome preparation of peripheral blood.
Cytogenetics ; Demecolcine ; Fetal Blood ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Metaphase ; Mitosis ; Mitotic Index*

BACKGROUND: Counting mitoses is subjective and time-consuming. The adjunctive diagnostic utility of a recently reported mitotic marker, phosphohistone H3 (PHH3), was investigated in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). METHODS: We reviewed 77 GISTs for several proliferative indices. These included the mitotic count per 50 high power fields (HPFs), the immunohistochemical Ki-67 labeling index and the immunohistochemical PHH3 mitotic index (MI). For comparison, Spearman's rank correlation and interclass correlation coefficient were used. RESULTS: Mitotic counts ranged from 0-138 (mean, 7.57+/-2.34) and the PHH3 MI ranged from 0-126 per 50 HPFs (mean, 9.61+/-2.27). We found a positive correlation between mitotic counts and PHH3 MI (r=0.810, p<.001). The inter-observer correlation coefficient for three participants was 0.975 for mitotic counts and 0.940 for the PHH3 MI. When using the PHH3 MI instead of mitotic counts in the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) stratification criteria, 10 cases were reclassified. In one patient with a mitotic count of 2 and a PHH3 MI of 6 per 50 HPFs, distant metastasis occurred. CONCLUSIONS: In GISTs, the PHH3 MI correlated adequately with mitotic counts and can be used as a useful adjunctive to count mitotic figures efficiently.
Arm ; Biomarkers ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors* ; Humans ; Mitosis ; Mitotic Index ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pathology