No abstract available.
Mitochondria*

No abstract available.
Mitochondria* ; Staurosporine*

Mitochondrion is a multifunctional organelle in cells and responsible for energy production, cell apoptosis and various life processes. Dysfunctional mitochondria are associated with hundreds of diseases. Increasing evidences have shown that extracellular mitochondria can be endocytosed by cells, directly into cells, and then play roles in cells. Mitochondria are the organelles that are extremely sensitive to oxygen content and pH of microenvironment that induces the adverse effect based on the cellular environment: mitochondria will increase cell survival and viability when they arrive in cells of physiological environment, but mitochondria will cause cell death when they enter the hypoxic and acidic tumor tissues, because they can produce a large amounts of oxygen free radicals. The pharmacological feature of environmental responsiveness of mitochondria could make them as a potential biological drug to kill cancer cells and restore the function of damaged tissues. Currently, mitochondria are used in the treatment of central nervous system diseases (Parkinson's disease, depression, schizophrenia, etc.), peripheral system diseases (ischemic myocardial injury, fatty liver, emphysema, etc.) and tumor. In this review, we summarize the research progress, medical application and challenges of mitochondrial therapy.
Apoptosis ; Mitochondria

No abstract available.
Mitochondria* ; Muscular Diseases*

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing has been validated as a useful tool in forensics. However, there are several aspects that need to be considered in order for it to be used as firm evidence in a courtroom. Heteroplasmy is one of those. Heteroplasmy means the status that different mtDNA populations exist in a single individual, tissue, cell or even mitochondrion. As the underlying phenomenon of heteroplasmy and polymorphism is similar, care must be taken in analyzing the data from the samples with heteroplasmy. Heteroplasmy can reinforce the use of mtDNA however if we know a lot about it. For this much has to be revealed. In this we screened 494 unrelated Korean using DGGE for the D-loop to determine how frequent heteroplasmy is, and the heteroplasmy pattern was confirmed through sequencing. This paper discussed the results of a comparison with other reports along with several aspects of heteroplasmy.
DNA, Mitochondrial* ; Mitochondria

A new minicircle in the mitochondria genome of Leishmania mexicana M379, clone E8 was monitored using different methods as PFGE, hybridization,... The 0,7-kb of the circle was cloned and analysed. It appears to have a Chi-like octomer in the region of replication
Mitochondria ; Leishmania mexicana

A mitochondria minicircle in Leishmania mexicana M379, clone evans E8 was cloned and characterized. The molecules exist as dominant class in the mitochondria genome of the parasiters.
Mitochondria ; Leishmania mexicana

A region of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 gene (coxl) for Clonorchis sp samples from the provinces of Thanh Hoa and Nam Dinh, and Opisthorchis sp from human in Phu Yen province, Vietnam was analyzed by PCR. Nucleotide sequence of these coxl fragments was used to compare with Opisthorchis viverrini, strain Khon Ken (Thailand) and Clonorchis sinensis sequences originated from China and Korea. The results revealed that nucleotide sequence of Opisthorchis sp from Vietnam had absolute homology to O. viverrini (Thailand) but different from C. sinensis (from China and Korea). Clonorchis sp from Vietnam was similar with Clonorchis sinensis from China and Korea. Opisthorchis sp isolated in Phu Yen is, thus, molecularly indentified as Opsithorchis viverrini and Clonochis sp in Thanh Hoa and Nam Dinh is Clonorchis sinensis. Two species are different in morphology and molecular level.
Mitochondria ; Clonorchis sinensis

Uridine is one of the essential nutrients in organisms. To maintain normal cell growth and intracellular metabolism, the uridine must be maintained at certain concentration. Recent studies have shown that uridine can reduce inflammatory response in organisms, participate in glycolysis, and regulate intracellular protein modification, such as glycosylation and acetylation. Furthermore, it can protect cells from hypoxic injury by reducing intracellular oxidative stress, promoting high-energy compounds synthesis. Previous studies have shown that the protective effects of uridine are closely related to its effect on mitochondria. This review summarizes the effect of uridine on mitochondrial function.
Uridine/metabolism* ; Mitochondria/metabolism*

Mitochondria in cancer have genetic instability like genetic mutations or polymorphisms, and D-loop is hot spot region and is suggested its association with cancer prognosis. Genetic variations of D-loop were associated with mitochondrial copy number. In present study, mitochondrial polymorphism in D-loop (D310 and D514) was studied in 108 DNAs from health individuals and its association with mitochondrial copy number was also investigated. In D310 polymorphism, C7 was most common (37.7%, 40/108), and C8 and C9 was found in 32.1% and 30.2%, respectively. In D514 polymorphism, (CA)5 and (CA)4 was shown in 61.4% and 38.6%, respectively. Mitochondrial copy number was increased in 40.7% while it was decreased in 59.3%. There was no association between mitochondrial polymorphism and copy number. Follow-up study should be needed to confirm its change in same individuals.
DNA ; Genetic Variation ; Mitochondria ; Prognosis