Purpose: This study explored the relationship between non-suicidal self-harm and suicidal ideation and examined the mediating role of frustrated interpersonal needs on the relationship between non-suicidal self-harm and suicidal ideation based on the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted with 333 college students in Korea. Subjects completed a packet of self-report questionnaires through an on-line survey. The analyses were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 25 using descriptive statistics, independent T-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Bootstrapping was adopted for significance tests regarding the mediation effect. Results: Among the subjects, 156 students (46.8%) had non-suicide self-harm experiences. The levels of suicidal ideation were significantly different by gender. Students with experiences of non-suicidal self-harm reported significantly higher levels of frustrated interpersonal needs and suicidal ideation than those without such experiences. The relationship between non-suicidal self-harm and intensity of suicidal ideation was partially mediated by thwarted belongingness, but not perceived burdensomeness. Conclusion Findings of this study suggest the inclusion of effective strategies that can have a positive effect on ameliorating thwarted belongingness in developing suicide prevention programs for college students with experiences of non-suicidal self-harm.

BACKGROUND: Pulse transit time (PTT), the time it takes a pulse wave to travel from one arterial site to another, is a noninvasive indicator of arterial stiffness. The main objective of our study was to compare two common anesthetic techniques using PTT in order to explore which technique would bring more vascular distention. METHODS: Sixty female patients, ages 18-65, classified by ASA 1 or 2 undergoing general anesthesia, were randomly allocated into two groups, S and P. Group S (n = 30) was inducted with 2 mg/kg of propofol and remifentanil 5.0 ng/ml. Group P (n = 30) was inducted with propofol 4.0 ug/ml and remifentanil 4.0 ng/ml using a target controlled infusion (TCI) pump. Group S was anesthetically maintained with sevoflurane at 1.0 MAC and 1.0 ng/ml remifentanil while group P was anesthetically maintained with propofol 3.0 ug/ml and remifentanil 1.0 ng/ml for 10 minutes. PTT values were obtained by measuring the distance between the electrocardiographic R wave, which approximates the opening of the aortic valve, to the radial artery. Three consecutive values of prePTT, postPTT, and corresponding vital signs were measured and recorded before and 10 minutes after anesthetic induction. RESULTS: PrePTT in group S and group P was 240.18 +/- 3.66 and 239.32 +/- 3.69 ms, respectively. Ten minutes after anesthetic induction, postPTT in group S increased to 284.16 +/- 4.37 ms while postPTT in group P increased to 278.7 +/- 4.53 ms (P > 0.05). However, despite the slope of group S (43.98 +/- 22.18) being greater than group P (39.38 +/- 18.39), the difference between the two groups was statistically insignificant (P = 0.2239). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in PTT values were statistically insignificant regarding arterial distension in patients anesthetized with target controlled infusion of propofol compared to those with balanced anesthesia with sevoflurane.
Anesthesia, General ; Aortic Valve ; Balanced Anesthesia ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Inhalation* ; Propofol* ; Pulse Wave Analysis* ; Radial Artery ; Ultrasonography ; Vascular Stiffness ; Vital Signs

Among total 108 cases of biopsy-proven fibroadenomas of the breast, which obtained from the files of the Asan Medical Center during one year period from October 1998 to September 1999, 23 cases cytologically diagnosed as high risk group were reviewed to retrieve the mis-leading factors. Initial cytologic diagnoses of 23 cases were proliferative breast lesion with atypia(high risk) in 21 cases(91.3%) and papillary neoplasm in 2 cases(8.7%). When we reanalysed 23 cases by Masood scoring system, they were classified as one non-proliferative breast lesion(4.3%), 16 proliferative breast lesions without atypia (69.6%), and 6 proliferative breast lesions with atypia(26.1%). None were subject to the category of carcinoma. Cytologic features leading to the overdiagnosis of high grade epithelial lesions were as follows; cellular dissociation without nuclear atypia, nuclear pleomorphism, anisonucleosis, and occasional macronucleoli without nuclear enlargement, lack of myxoid stroma, and few naked stromal cells. To avoid cytologic overdiagnosis of fibroadenoma, mild to moderate nuclear pleomorphism without nuclear enlargement, and cellular dissociation without nuclear atypia should not be regarded as criteria of high risk group.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Breast* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Diagnosis ; Fibroadenoma* ; Stromal Cells

No abstract available.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 7* ; Humans* ; Hyperpigmentation* ; Keratinocytes* ; Lentigo* ; Melanosis*

The aim of this study was to measure the shear bond strength (SBS) of different adhesive systems to calcium silicate-based materials (Biodentine and RetroMTA). Eighty cylindrical acrylic blocks, with a hole (5.0 mm diameter, 2.0 mm height) in each, were prepared. The holes were filled with Biodentine (BD) and RetroMTA (RMTA), and the specimens were divided into 2 groups. Each group was classified into 4 subgroups: Clearfil™ SE (CSE) ; AQ bond (AQ) ; All bond universal Self-etch (ABU-SE) ; and All bond universal Total-etch (ABU-TE). After the application of different adhesive systems, composite resin (Z350) was applied over BD and RMTA. The SBS was measured using a universal testing machine, and the data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test. The highest and lowest values of SBS were observed for BD-ABU-SE and RMTA-AQ, respectively. No significant differences were found in the SBS between ABU-TE and ABU-SE and between ABU-TE and CSE to BD and RMTA. According to the data, BD showed a higher SBS than did RMTA when BD and RMTA are compared in the same adhesive agents. Further, among all groups, composite resin with ABU-SE showed better bond strength to BD and RMTA.
Adhesives ; Calcium

BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and nitroperoxide, cause oxidative stress which interferes with normal cell functioning, resulting in cell damage. It is reported to be associated with chronic pain, especially neuropathic pain, and inflammatory pain. ROS is also closely related to central sensitization. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the effects of Phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), an ROS scavenger, in acute, continuous, and increasing pain caused by central sensitization. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups, an intraperitoneal group (IP) and an intrathecal group (IT), and once again divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was injected with Phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), a free radical scavenger, either intraperitoneally or intrathecally. After inducing pain by injecting formalin into the hind paw, pain behaviors were measured. Lumbar enlargement immmunohistochemistry was performed to assess nitrotyrosine, an oxidative stress marker, to identify the degree of protein nitration. RESULTS: Both experimental groups of IP and IT showed statistically significant decreases in the number of flinches compared to the control group in phase 1 and 2. Immunohistochemical evaluation in the control group revealed an increase in nitrated proteins in the gray matter of the lumbar spinal cord, but a significant decrease in nitrated proteins in the gray matter of lumbar spinal cord of the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS: Intraperitoneal and intrathecal administration of PBN decreases analgesic behaviors, allowing us to believe that ROS is mainly responsible for acute pain and central sensitization.
Acute Pain ; Animals ; Central Nervous System Sensitization ; Chronic Pain ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Male ; Neuralgia ; Nitric Oxide ; Oxidative Stress ; Pain Measurement ; Proteins ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Spinal Cord ; Superoxides ; Tyrosine

BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and nitroperoxide, cause oxidative stress which interferes with normal cell functioning, resulting in cell damage. It is reported to be associated with chronic pain, especially neuropathic pain, and inflammatory pain. ROS is also closely related to central sensitization. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the effects of Phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), an ROS scavenger, in acute, continuous, and increasing pain caused by central sensitization. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups, an intraperitoneal group (IP) and an intrathecal group (IT), and once again divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was injected with Phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), a free radical scavenger, either intraperitoneally or intrathecally. After inducing pain by injecting formalin into the hind paw, pain behaviors were measured. Lumbar enlargement immmunohistochemistry was performed to assess nitrotyrosine, an oxidative stress marker, to identify the degree of protein nitration. RESULTS: Both experimental groups of IP and IT showed statistically significant decreases in the number of flinches compared to the control group in phase 1 and 2. Immunohistochemical evaluation in the control group revealed an increase in nitrated proteins in the gray matter of the lumbar spinal cord, but a significant decrease in nitrated proteins in the gray matter of lumbar spinal cord of the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS: Intraperitoneal and intrathecal administration of PBN decreases analgesic behaviors, allowing us to believe that ROS is mainly responsible for acute pain and central sensitization.
Acute Pain ; Animals ; Central Nervous System Sensitization ; Chronic Pain ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Male ; Neuralgia ; Nitric Oxide ; Oxidative Stress ; Pain Measurement ; Proteins ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Spinal Cord ; Superoxides ; Tyrosine