Objective: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), which involves deliberate harm to body tissues without suicidal intent, represents an escalating clinical concern. We used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the differences in functional connectivity (FC) patterns in patients with depression with and without a history of NSSI. Methods: Seventy-seven patients with mood disorders experiencing major depressive episodes were categorized into NSSI (Group A; n = 31) and non-NSSI (Group B; n = 46) groups on the basis of their NSSI history. EEG data were collected and FC was analyzed using coherence (Coh), imaginary coherence (iCoh), and phase-locking value (PLV) metrics. Network indices based on graph theory were calculated. Demographic and clinical characteristics and scale scores were compared between groups A and B. Results: While the two groups showed no significant differences in demographic characteristics such as age and diagnosis, the Beck Depression Inventory and Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) scores were higher in Group A. Binary logistic regression analyses revealed associations of NSSI with sex and the SIQ score. We examined the connectivity of 1,326 pairs of signals across six frequency bands, yielding 7,956 signal pairs. The two groups showed no significant differences in the Coh, iCoh, corrected PLV, or network indices but showed significant differences in all the frequency bands when an uncorrected t test was used. Conclusion In this study, FC differences in depression with and without NSSI were not observed. Further well-controlled research is expected to clarify neurobiological underpinnings and guide future interventions.

Objective: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), which involves deliberate harm to body tissues without suicidal intent, represents an escalating clinical concern. We used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the differences in functional connectivity (FC) patterns in patients with depression with and without a history of NSSI. Methods: Seventy-seven patients with mood disorders experiencing major depressive episodes were categorized into NSSI (Group A; n = 31) and non-NSSI (Group B; n = 46) groups on the basis of their NSSI history. EEG data were collected and FC was analyzed using coherence (Coh), imaginary coherence (iCoh), and phase-locking value (PLV) metrics. Network indices based on graph theory were calculated. Demographic and clinical characteristics and scale scores were compared between groups A and B. Results: While the two groups showed no significant differences in demographic characteristics such as age and diagnosis, the Beck Depression Inventory and Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) scores were higher in Group A. Binary logistic regression analyses revealed associations of NSSI with sex and the SIQ score. We examined the connectivity of 1,326 pairs of signals across six frequency bands, yielding 7,956 signal pairs. The two groups showed no significant differences in the Coh, iCoh, corrected PLV, or network indices but showed significant differences in all the frequency bands when an uncorrected t test was used. Conclusion In this study, FC differences in depression with and without NSSI were not observed. Further well-controlled research is expected to clarify neurobiological underpinnings and guide future interventions.

Objective: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), which involves deliberate harm to body tissues without suicidal intent, represents an escalating clinical concern. We used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the differences in functional connectivity (FC) patterns in patients with depression with and without a history of NSSI. Methods: Seventy-seven patients with mood disorders experiencing major depressive episodes were categorized into NSSI (Group A; n = 31) and non-NSSI (Group B; n = 46) groups on the basis of their NSSI history. EEG data were collected and FC was analyzed using coherence (Coh), imaginary coherence (iCoh), and phase-locking value (PLV) metrics. Network indices based on graph theory were calculated. Demographic and clinical characteristics and scale scores were compared between groups A and B. Results: While the two groups showed no significant differences in demographic characteristics such as age and diagnosis, the Beck Depression Inventory and Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) scores were higher in Group A. Binary logistic regression analyses revealed associations of NSSI with sex and the SIQ score. We examined the connectivity of 1,326 pairs of signals across six frequency bands, yielding 7,956 signal pairs. The two groups showed no significant differences in the Coh, iCoh, corrected PLV, or network indices but showed significant differences in all the frequency bands when an uncorrected t test was used. Conclusion In this study, FC differences in depression with and without NSSI were not observed. Further well-controlled research is expected to clarify neurobiological underpinnings and guide future interventions.

Objective: Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), which involves deliberate harm to body tissues without suicidal intent, represents an escalating clinical concern. We used electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the differences in functional connectivity (FC) patterns in patients with depression with and without a history of NSSI. Methods: Seventy-seven patients with mood disorders experiencing major depressive episodes were categorized into NSSI (Group A; n = 31) and non-NSSI (Group B; n = 46) groups on the basis of their NSSI history. EEG data were collected and FC was analyzed using coherence (Coh), imaginary coherence (iCoh), and phase-locking value (PLV) metrics. Network indices based on graph theory were calculated. Demographic and clinical characteristics and scale scores were compared between groups A and B. Results: While the two groups showed no significant differences in demographic characteristics such as age and diagnosis, the Beck Depression Inventory and Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) scores were higher in Group A. Binary logistic regression analyses revealed associations of NSSI with sex and the SIQ score. We examined the connectivity of 1,326 pairs of signals across six frequency bands, yielding 7,956 signal pairs. The two groups showed no significant differences in the Coh, iCoh, corrected PLV, or network indices but showed significant differences in all the frequency bands when an uncorrected t test was used. Conclusion In this study, FC differences in depression with and without NSSI were not observed. Further well-controlled research is expected to clarify neurobiological underpinnings and guide future interventions.

Objective: Serotonin concentration is associated with suicide in patients with major depressive disorder. Loudness dependence of auditory-evoked potentials (LDAEPs), a representative neurophysiological indicator, is related to serotonin activity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between LDAEPs and suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and the severity of depression. Methods: We evaluated the scalp N1, P2, and N1/P2 LDAEPs along with standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA)-localized N1, P2, and N1/P2 LDAEPs of 221 patients with major depressive disorder.The demographic and clinical data of the patients, including data on suicidal ideation and previous suicide attempts, were obtained from clinical interviews and medical records. The severity of depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, whereas suicidal ideation was evaluated using the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS). Results: The total BSS score was associated with low N1/P2 LDAEP (p = 0.045), whereas P2 sLORETA-LDAEP was associated with lower previous suicide attempts (p = 0.043). In addition, suicide attempt was correlated with an elevated P2 left sLORETA-LDAEP (coefficient = 4.638, p = 0.038). Conclusion These findings suggest that suicidal ideation is associated with decreased LDAEP, whereas suicide attempt is associated with increased LDAEP.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and trends of cervical (C53), endometrial (C54.1), and ovarian cancer (C56) among Korean females between 1999 and 2015. METHODS: The incidence of the three major gynecological cancers between 1999 and 2015 was analyzed based on the data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry. The age-standardized rates (ASRs) and the annual percent changes (APCs) for each site were calculated. RESULTS: The absolute incidence rates of the three major gynecological cancers increased from 6,394 in 1999 to 8,288 in 2015. ASR for gynecologic cancer decreased from 23.7 per 100,000 in 1999 to 21.1 in 2015. This was mainly due to a definitive decrease in the incidence of cervical cancer, which recorded an APC of −3.7%. The trends of APC for gynecologic cancer were variable, being −1.36% between 1999 and 2006 and −0.11% between 2006 and 2015. A definitive but variable increase was noted for endometrial cancer, and the APC for this cancer was 7.4% between 1999 and 2009 and 3.5% between 2009 and 2015. The incidence of ovarian cancer gradually increased, with an APC of 1.8% between 1999 and 2015. CONCLUSION: Overall, ASRs and APCs for the three major gynecological cancers are decreasing, with a recent reduction in the width of the change. However, there has been a progressive increase in the incidence of endometrial and ovarian cancers.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cervix Uteri ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Endometrium ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Korea* ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; Ovary ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the cumulative recurrence rate and risk factors for recurrent abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) after surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single gynecological surgery center between January 2004 and December 2020. Patients who were surgically treated and followed up for at least 6 months after surgery were selected. Results: Eighteen patients with pathologically diagnosed AWE were included in this study. The median follow-up duration was 22.5 months (range, 6–106). The median age was 37 years (range, 22–48), and 33.3% of the patients were nulliparous. Among the patients included in our study, 55.6% complained of a mass with cyclic pain, and 27.8% had a palpable mass. In addition, 22.2% of patients experienced recurrence with 17.5±9.7 months of mean time to recurrence. The cumulative recurrence rates at 24 and 60 months after surgical treatment of AWE were 23.8% and 39.1%, respectively. There were no statistically significant risk factors for the recurrence of AWE, including postoperative medical treatment. Conclusion The recurrence rate of AWE appears to be correlated with the follow-up duration. There was no statistically significant risk factor for the recurrence of AWE. Unlike ovarian endometriosis, postoperative hormonal treatment does not seem to lower the recurrence of AWE. The findings of the current study may help healthcare providers in counselling and managing patients with AWE.

On the basis of emerging data and the current understanding of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for radical hysterectomy (RH) in women with cervical cancer, the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology, Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Korean Society of Gynecologic Endoscopy and Minimally Invasive Surgery support the following recommendations: • According to the recently published phase III Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer (LACC) trial—a prospective randomized clinical trial—disease-free survival and overall survival rates of MIS RH are significantly lower than those of open RH. • Gynecologic oncologists should be aware of the emerging data on MIS RH for early-stage cervical cancer. • The results of the LACC trial, together with institutional data, should be discussed with patients before choosing MIS RH. • MIS RH should be performed for optimal candidates according to the current practice guidelines by gynecologic oncologists who are skilled at performing MIS.
Endoscopy ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Laparoscopy ; Laparotomy ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Obstetrics ; Prospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth common cancer in women worldwide. The Papanicolau test is the primary screening procedure to detect abnormal cervical cells.Colposcopy is the main procedure for discriminating high-grade cervical lesions. The study aimed at clarifying the discrepancy between cervical cytology and colposcopic biopsy histology as well as confounding factors. Methods: Eligible patients visited thirteen tertiary hospitals for colposcopic biopsy following cervical cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes between January and December 2018. Baseline characteristics including age, body mass index (BMI), and parity were collected. Results: In our study, 3,798 eligible patients were included. Mean age of patients was 42.7(19–88) years and mean BMI was 22.5 (16.9–34.1) kg/m2 . The referred cervical cytologic findings consisted of 495 normal, 1,390 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 380 atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 792 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 593 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 79 atypical glandular cells, 46 squamous cell carcinoma, and 23 adenocarcinoma. HPV-positive findings were found in 3,008 (79.2%) patients and were not detected in 914 (24.1%) cases. The risk of unexpected low-grade lesions from histology was higher in patients > 45 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.137; 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 1.475–3.096). In contrast, the risk of unexpected high-grade lesions from colposcopic biopsy was lower in patients ≥ 45 years (OR, 0.530; 95% CI, 0.367–0.747) and HPV 16/18 infection was higher than other HPV (OR, 1.848; 95% CI, 1.385–2.469). Conclusion Age and HPV genotypes were responsible for the discrepancies between cytology and histology. Precautions should be taken for women over the age of 45 in triage for colposcopy in order to avoid unnecessary testing.

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth common cancer in women worldwide. The Papanicolau test is the primary screening procedure to detect abnormal cervical cells.Colposcopy is the main procedure for discriminating high-grade cervical lesions. The study aimed at clarifying the discrepancy between cervical cytology and colposcopic biopsy histology as well as confounding factors. Methods: Eligible patients visited thirteen tertiary hospitals for colposcopic biopsy following cervical cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes between January and December 2018. Baseline characteristics including age, body mass index (BMI), and parity were collected. Results: In our study, 3,798 eligible patients were included. Mean age of patients was 42.7(19–88) years and mean BMI was 22.5 (16.9–34.1) kg/m2 . The referred cervical cytologic findings consisted of 495 normal, 1,390 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 380 atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 792 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 593 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 79 atypical glandular cells, 46 squamous cell carcinoma, and 23 adenocarcinoma. HPV-positive findings were found in 3,008 (79.2%) patients and were not detected in 914 (24.1%) cases. The risk of unexpected low-grade lesions from histology was higher in patients > 45 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.137; 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 1.475–3.096). In contrast, the risk of unexpected high-grade lesions from colposcopic biopsy was lower in patients ≥ 45 years (OR, 0.530; 95% CI, 0.367–0.747) and HPV 16/18 infection was higher than other HPV (OR, 1.848; 95% CI, 1.385–2.469). Conclusion Age and HPV genotypes were responsible for the discrepancies between cytology and histology. Precautions should be taken for women over the age of 45 in triage for colposcopy in order to avoid unnecessary testing.