Breast is a female reproductve organ and breast disease is closely related to female reproductive function. In recent years, becoming the most frequent cancer in female, breast cancer has emerged as a major health concern for Korean women. Obtaining basic knowledge about breast disease is crucial for the specialists dealing with female reproductive organs. In this article a brief overview over the management of breast cancer as well as benign breast disease will be presented. In addition, the current stauts of training system for breast cancer in Europe will be discussed. Examinations of the current practices in Europe will be able to guide the effort in Korea to incorporate breast diseae into the field of gynecology.
Breast ; Breast Diseases ; Breast Neoplasms ; Europe ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Korea ; Specialization

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study is to examine risk factors for unawareness of obstructive airflow limitation among adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS: Secondary data analysis was performed with the data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES; 2013–2014). The data were analyzed with the IBM SPSS 22.0 version using frequency, percentage, odds ratio, and logistic regression. RESULTS: Ninety-eight percent of subject with a pulmonary function test score of FEV1/FVC < 0.7 (N=833) did not recognize that their lung function was impaired. The heavy drink, absence of tuberculosis or asthma diagnosis, and no symptom of expelling phlegm were identified as major risk factors for unawareness of airflow limitation. CONCLUSION: In order to increase awareness of airflow limitation and to prevent the worsening of the condition, the pulmonary function screening test should be provided to community residents including those who do not show symptoms of respiratory illness.
Adult ; Asthma ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Mass Screening ; Nutrition Surveys ; Odds Ratio ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Risk Factors ; Statistics as Topic ; Tuberculosis

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop the Self-Care Non-adherence Risk Assessment Scale (SCNRAS) for patients with chronic illness in South Korea. Methods: This study was conducted from April to July, 2020 and utilized a convenience sampling method to recruit 336 patients with chronic illness from three hospitals located in South Korea. The content, factorial structure, item-convergent/discriminant validity, convergent validity, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability of the scale were evaluated. The data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Cronbach’s ⍺, and intra-class correlation coefficient. Results The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded six-factors. Convergent validity was demonstrated using measures of defining issues. Internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability were found to be acceptable, as indicated by a Cronbach’s ⍺ of .65~.81 and an intra-class correlation coefficient of .93~.98. The Self-Care Non-adherence Risk Assessment Scale for patients with chronic illness is a new instrument that comprehensively measures the knowledge, skill, physical function status, access to health care, social support, motivation, and confidence. It comprises 18 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale. The validity and reliability of the scale were verified. Conclusion: The scale developed through this study is expected to screen those who need nursing intervention early by predicting the self-care non-adherence risk group.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of Short-form Health Literacy Scale (HLS-SF-K12) for Adults. Methods: The English HLS-SF12 was translated into Korean with forward and backward translation. Survey data were collected from 204 adults who visited two hospitals in Korea. Content validity, construct validity, and known-groups validity were evaluated. Cronbach's ⍺ for internal consistency and test-retest were used to assess reliability. SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 software were used for data analysis. Results: The HLS-SF-K12 was composed of 12 items, and three subscales (health care, disease prevention, and health promotion). The instrument explained reliable internal consistency with Cronbach’s ⍺ for the total scale of .89, and .74~.81 for subscales. The model of three subscales for the HLS-SF-K12 was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (Normed x 2 =2.14 (p<.001), GFI=.92, RMR=.04, RMSEA=.08, CFI=.94, TLI=.92, IFI=.94). The hypothesis testing which analyzed the differences in health literacy by age and education level was satisfied. Conclusion The HLS-SF-K12 is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring health information comprehension for adults in Korea.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to understand the extent of adolescents' attempts to quit using tobacco and the factors influencing such attempts in Korea, using a descriptive, cross-sectional design and secondary data analysis with the 2019 Youth Health Behavior Survey. METHODS: The participants were 4028 adolescent tobacco users who had used tobacco for 1 day or more in the past 30 days. The data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS/WIN 26.0 program, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted using the complex sampling method module. RESULTS: A total of 68.2% of the participants attempted to quit using tobacco. We analyzed the factors for adolescents' attempts to quit using tobacco by dividing them into psychological, physical, behavioral, and environmental dimensions. The factors influencing adolescents' attempts to quit using tobacco, identified through multivariable logistic regression analysis, are as follows: participation in sports activities (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.41), vigorous physical activity (OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.06-1.46), and type of tobacco product used (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.24-2.21) in the behavioral dimension; pictorial cigarette pack warnings (perceived smoking as unhealthy) (OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.56-2.36), and the presence of secondhand smoking at home (OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.01-1.38) in the environmental dimension. CONCLUSIONS Schools and public healthcare providers must consider multidimensional factors when providing support for successful tobacco cessation in adolescents and focus particularly on elements relating to physical activity and environmental factors.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Health/statistics & numerical data* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Republic of Korea ; Smoking Cessation/statistics & numerical data* ; Tobacco Smoking/psychology*