No abstract available.
Immunotherapy ; Melanoma*

Background: Infantile hemangioma (IH) is one of the most common tumors in infants. IH occurs more commonly in premature and low birth weight infants, but only a few studies have analyzed the risk factors for IH in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Korea. Objective: We investigated the risk factors for IH in patients admitted to the NICU at a single institution. Methods: A single-center retrospective case-control study was conducted in 37 patients with hemangioma and 185 matched-control babies who were admitted to the NICU between 2013 and 2020. Odds ratios (ORs) and multivariate conditional logistic regression models were used to determine the associations between IH and the potential risk factors. Results: Of the 1,206 neonates admitted to the NICU, 37 had IH, and the prevalence was 3.1%. IH was most commonly found on the trunk (33.3%), followed by the head and neck (29.4%). After adjustment, the risk factors found to be significantly associated with IH were female sex (OR=3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.4∼6.8), extreme preterm (OR=6.9, 95% CI=1.3∼38.0), very low birth weight (OR=11.9, 95% CI=2.9∼49.3), low 1-minute Apgar scores of ＜7 (OR=2.3, 95% CI=1.1∼4.9), and multiple gestation (OR=5.0, 95% CI=1.7∼14.9). Conclusion This matched case–control study revealed that risk factors such as female sex, extremely preterm birth, very low birth weight, low 1-minute Apgar score, and multiple gestations may affect the occurrence of IH. Therefore, if these risk factors are present, they need to be actively managed at an early stage through close physical examination to prevent complications.

Background: Infantile hemangioma (IH) is one of the most common tumors in infants. IH occurs more commonly in premature and low birth weight infants, but only a few studies have analyzed the risk factors for IH in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Korea. Objective: We investigated the risk factors for IH in patients admitted to the NICU at a single institution. Methods: A single-center retrospective case-control study was conducted in 37 patients with hemangioma and 185 matched-control babies who were admitted to the NICU between 2013 and 2020. Odds ratios (ORs) and multivariate conditional logistic regression models were used to determine the associations between IH and the potential risk factors. Results: Of the 1,206 neonates admitted to the NICU, 37 had IH, and the prevalence was 3.1%. IH was most commonly found on the trunk (33.3%), followed by the head and neck (29.4%). After adjustment, the risk factors found to be significantly associated with IH were female sex (OR=3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.4∼6.8), extreme preterm (OR=6.9, 95% CI=1.3∼38.0), very low birth weight (OR=11.9, 95% CI=2.9∼49.3), low 1-minute Apgar scores of ＜7 (OR=2.3, 95% CI=1.1∼4.9), and multiple gestation (OR=5.0, 95% CI=1.7∼14.9). Conclusion This matched case–control study revealed that risk factors such as female sex, extremely preterm birth, very low birth weight, low 1-minute Apgar score, and multiple gestations may affect the occurrence of IH. Therefore, if these risk factors are present, they need to be actively managed at an early stage through close physical examination to prevent complications.

No Abstract available.
Fetus* ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Pre-Eclampsia*

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic education is important for successful management of atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE: To provide effective therapeutic education, clear common misunderstandings, and answer questions regarding AD among patients and caregivers. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted for patients and caregivers who visited the Department of Dermatology at Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, regarding the course, etiology, and management of AD. RESULTS: Among the 327 subjects who participated in the study, only 35.2% were aware of the natural course of AD, which usually improves with age. Many subjects (53.2%) misinterpret AD relapse as resistance to topical steroids. We found that 87.8% of subjects were under the impression that improvement in a patient's immunity can improve the symptoms of AD. Dietary restriction was considered an essential management strategy, and 59.0% of subjects agreed to delay the initiation of weaning foods. Most subjects did not have accurate information about cleansing methods, and 30.9% of subjects reported that they used only water without any cleanser. We noted that 47.5% of subjects obtained information regarding AD from medical doctors who they considered the most reliable sources (82.5%). Subjects preferred printed materials (41.3%) over seminars or video-clips to obtain educational information. CONCLUSION: Therapeutic education regarding the course, etiology, and management of AD using printed materials put together by physicians would be a valuable tool for the effective management of AD. Institutional support such as educational programs covered by the National Health Insurance Service is required.
Caregivers ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Dermatology ; Education* ; Humans ; Korea ; National Health Programs ; Recurrence ; Seoul ; Steroids ; Water ; Weaning

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic education is important for successful management of atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE: To provide effective therapeutic education, clear common misunderstandings, and answer questions regarding AD among patients and caregivers. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted for patients and caregivers who visited the Department of Dermatology at Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, regarding the course, etiology, and management of AD. RESULTS: Among the 327 subjects who participated in the study, only 35.2% were aware of the natural course of AD, which usually improves with age. Many subjects (53.2%) misinterpret AD relapse as resistance to topical steroids. We found that 87.8% of subjects were under the impression that improvement in a patient's immunity can improve the symptoms of AD. Dietary restriction was considered an essential management strategy, and 59.0% of subjects agreed to delay the initiation of weaning foods. Most subjects did not have accurate information about cleansing methods, and 30.9% of subjects reported that they used only water without any cleanser. We noted that 47.5% of subjects obtained information regarding AD from medical doctors who they considered the most reliable sources (82.5%). Subjects preferred printed materials (41.3%) over seminars or video-clips to obtain educational information. CONCLUSION: Therapeutic education regarding the course, etiology, and management of AD using printed materials put together by physicians would be a valuable tool for the effective management of AD. Institutional support such as educational programs covered by the National Health Insurance Service is required.
Caregivers ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Dermatology ; Education* ; Humans ; Korea ; National Health Programs ; Recurrence ; Seoul ; Steroids ; Water ; Weaning

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the long-term functional and patient-reported outcomes between intra-corporeal delta-shaped gastroduodenostomy and gastrojejunostomy after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinicopathological data from 616 patients who had undergone laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for stage I gastric cancer between January 2015 and September 2020. Among them, 232 patients who had undergone delta-shaped anastomosis and another 232 who had undergone Billroth II anastomosis were matched using propensity scores. Confounding variables included age, sex, body mass index, physical status classification, tumor location, and T classification. Postoperative complications, nutritional outcomes, endoscopic findings, and quality of life (QoL) were compared between the 2 groups. Results: No significant differences in postoperative complications or nutritional parameters between the two groups were observed. Annual endoscopic findings revealed more residual food and less bile reflux in the delta group (P<0.001) than in the Billroth II group. Changes of QoL were significantly different regarding emotional function, insomnia, diarrhea, reflux symptoms, and dry mouth (P=0.007, P=0.002, P=0.013, P=0.001, and P=0.03, respectively).Among them, the delta group had worse insomnia, reflux symptoms, and dry mouth within three months postoperatively. Conclusions Long-term nutritional outcomes and QoL were comparable between the delta and Billroth II groups. However, more residual food and worse short-term QoL regarding insomnia, reflux symptoms, and dry mouth were observed in the delta group. Longer fasting time before endoscopic evaluation and short-term symptom management would have been helpful for the delta group.

Background/Aims: Despite proper use of pharmaceuticals, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can lead to problems related to patient safety. We analyzed the characteristics of ADRs, particularly serious adverse events (SAEs), in a single tertiary medical institution. Methods: Spontaneous ADR report data collected from 2010 to 2019 in Seoul National University Hospital were assessed. Causality was evaluated according to the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre criteria. Age, sex, onset, severity, seriousness, and system organ class (SOC) of ADRs and SAEs were analyzed. Results: During the study period, a total of 49,955 individual case safety reports were assessed as possible, probable, or certain. Although the number of gastrointestinal ADR reports was high (25.9%), severe cases were uncommon (2.6%). By contrast, the number of hematologic disorders was low (6.6%) but 39.2% of them were severe. Among ADRs, 10.2% were assessed as SAEs, the proportion of which was high at extreme ages and in males. Body as a whole-general disorders were the most frequently reported SOC for SAEs, followed by skin and appendage disorders. Antineoplastic agents and antibiotics were the most common causative agents of SAEs and ADRs. Anaphylactic reaction was the most frequent SAE (6.5%). Conclusions The proportion of SAE differs according to SOC and drug. Attention should be paid to SAEs in children and older adults because the rate of SAEs is significantly higher at extreme ages.

Background/Aims: Despite proper use of pharmaceuticals, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can lead to problems related to patient safety. We analyzed the characteristics of ADRs, particularly serious adverse events (SAEs), in a single tertiary medical institution. Methods: Spontaneous ADR report data collected from 2010 to 2019 in Seoul National University Hospital were assessed. Causality was evaluated according to the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre criteria. Age, sex, onset, severity, seriousness, and system organ class (SOC) of ADRs and SAEs were analyzed. Results: During the study period, a total of 49,955 individual case safety reports were assessed as possible, probable, or certain. Although the number of gastrointestinal ADR reports was high (25.9%), severe cases were uncommon (2.6%). By contrast, the number of hematologic disorders was low (6.6%) but 39.2% of them were severe. Among ADRs, 10.2% were assessed as SAEs, the proportion of which was high at extreme ages and in males. Body as a whole-general disorders were the most frequently reported SOC for SAEs, followed by skin and appendage disorders. Antineoplastic agents and antibiotics were the most common causative agents of SAEs and ADRs. Anaphylactic reaction was the most frequent SAE (6.5%). Conclusions The proportion of SAE differs according to SOC and drug. Attention should be paid to SAEs in children and older adults because the rate of SAEs is significantly higher at extreme ages.

Diabetes and impaired fasting glucose are associated with incidence of cerebro-/cardio-vascular diseases. This study hypothesized that fasting glycemic status may reflect cerebrovascular risk in non-diabetic Koreans. Fasting glycemic status, lipid profiles, oxidative stress, and inflammation markers were measured in non-diabetic subjects (healthy controls, n = 112 and stroke n = 41). Systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), triglycerides, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CPR), interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were higher, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterols were lower in patients with stroke than healthy controls. Fasting glucose positively correlated with hs-CRP, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) and malondialdehyde. The significances continued or at least turned to a trend after adjustments for confounding factors. Multiple regression analyses revealed that fasting glucose was mainly associated with cerebrovascular risk (beta'-coefficient = 0.284, p < 0.0001) together with age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, hs-CRP, body mass index, dietary poly unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SFA), and HbA1C (r2 = 0.634, p = 0.044). The subjects were subdivided by their fasting glucose levels [normal fasting glucose: 70-99 mg/dL, n = 91 [NFG-control] and n = 27 [NFG-stroke]; higher fasting glucose: 100-125 mg/dL, n = 21 [HFG-control] and n = 14 [HFG-stroke]). In both controls and stroke patients, HFG groups show higher triglyceride, total- and LDL-cholesterol and lower HDL-cholesterol than NFG groups. Control-HFG group showed significantly higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammation than control-NFG group. Stroke-HFG group also showed significantly higher inflammatory levels than stroke-NFG group, moreover the highest among the groups. Additionally, stroke-NFG group consumed higher PUFA/SFA than stroke-HFG group. Fasting glucose may be a useful indicator for cerebrovascular risk in non-diabetic individuals which may be mediated by oxidative stress and inflammation status.
Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cholesterol ; Fasting* ; Glucose* ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflammation* ; Interleukin-6 ; Lipoproteins ; Malondialdehyde ; Oxidative Stress* ; Stroke ; Triglycerides ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha