PURPOSE: This study was done to describe the countertransference experience of nursing students in psychiatric nursing practice. METHODS: Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory. Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 13 participants who were women nursing students. RESULTS: The core category was “narrowing mind distance with patients by exploring countertransference”. The countertransference experience process consisted of four sequential phases: exploring a countertransference, managing a countertransference, increasing understanding of patients, and establishing a trusting relationship. CONCLUSION: The results from the study contribute to promoting understanding of the countertransference experience of nursing students' during nursing practise and should be helpful in therapeutic communication competence education.
Countertransference (Psychology)* ; Education ; Female ; Grounded Theory ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Nursing* ; Psychiatric Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: This study purposed to identify the levels of self-awareness, other-awareness, interpersonal relation competence, and smartphone and Internet addiction and identify the influence of self-awareness, other-awareness, and interpersonal relations competence on smartphone and Internet addiction in nursing students. METHODS: Study participants were 479 nursing students who completing structured self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. RESULTS: The participants' smartphone addiction risk was shown to be 24.2%. Among the predictors, gender (β=−.11, p < .05), academic year (β=.15, p < .01), self-awareness (β=−.12, p < .05) other-awareness (β=.29, p < .001), and interpersonal relation competence (β=−.20, p < .001) had significant influences on smartphone addiction. The explanatory power of this regression model was 16.0%(F=10.21, p < .001). The participants' Internet addiction risk was shown to be 29.0%. Among the predictors, academic year (β=.12, p < .05), major satisfaction (β=−.17, p < .001), other-awareness (β=.22, p < .001), and interpersonal relation competence (β=−.18, p < .001) had significant influences on Internet addiction. The explanatory power of this regression model was 13.0% (F=8.48, p < .001). CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop the early detection and monitoring of smartphone and Internet addiction among nursing students. In addition, specific programs focused on promoting self-awareness and other-awareness for smartphone and Internet addiction should be developed.
Humans ; Internet ; Interpersonal Relations ; Mental Competency ; Nursing ; Smartphone ; Students, Nursing

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the self-isolation experiences of nursing students with confirmed COVID-19 infections. Methods: This study used purposive sampling. The participants were 13 nursing students who self-isolated for COVID-19. Data were collected through video conference interviews and analyzed using grounded theory methods. Results: The 14 categories that emerged were analyzed by fitting them into a paradigmatic model. The central phenomenon was “emotional challenges of self-isolation”. The action/interaction strategies were “adhering to isolation protocols and working to recover”, “using the time as an opportunity to recharge and grow”, “making up for classroom deficits”, and “envisioning a future nurse”. The core category was “focusing on what I can do now to avoid falling behind”. This process was characterized by stages of embarrassment, instability, endurance, and resilience. Conclusion Missed classes due to self-isolation may contribute to student anxiety and depression, and educators should continue to make efforts to protect learning rights.

PURPOSE: This study was done to describe the return to work experience of military officers with cancer. METHODS: Individual in-depth interviews with 15 participants were conducted between September 2013 and April 2014. Participants were interviewed 1~4 times; interviews continued until the data became saturated. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory. RESULTS: The core category emerged as "living a new life after enduring difficulties". The return to work process consisted of four sequential phases: chaos, positive thought formation, behavior practices, and reformation. Action/interaction strategies used by military officers with cancer to resolve enduring difficulties were controlling emotions, accepting reality, prioritizing health, making efforts to improve relationships, and looking for future jobs. CONCLUSION: These results will promote understanding of military officers' return to work experience following cancer survival, and will be helpful in developing more effective nursing interventions through enhanced perspectives and insights of practitioners.
Adult ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Military Personnel/*psychology ; Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology ; Return to Work ; Social Support

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of self-awareness of nursing students through a short-term overseas language study.
Methods: Study subjects were 10 nursing students, and collected data were analyzed with open coding, axial coding, selective coding, and process analysis based on Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory (1998).
Results: In total, 23 sub-categories and 12 categories were generated. The 12 categories included "Longing for a bigger world", "Don't want to be intimidated", "Interest in English", "Tension about local classes", "Feeling of pushing the limit", "Getting along with natives", “Making Korean American University students a role model", "Self-observe confronting unfamiliarity", "Self-encourage about enduring hardships", "Self-expansion for a better self", "Recognize self-transformation", "Focusing on the reality". Nursing students' self-awareness experience through a short-term overseas language study was a process of solving the phenomenon of 'feeling of pushing the limit', and a derived core category was 'surpass the feeling of pushing the limit and take a step forward'.
Conclusion Study participants experienced self-awareness. These results will not only expand our understanding about self-awareness of nursing students and educators but will also provide information for developing a short-term overseas study program.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of self-awareness of nursing students through a short-term overseas language study.
Methods: Study subjects were 10 nursing students, and collected data were analyzed with open coding, axial coding, selective coding, and process analysis based on Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory (1998).
Results: In total, 23 sub-categories and 12 categories were generated. The 12 categories included "Longing for a bigger world", "Don't want to be intimidated", "Interest in English", "Tension about local classes", "Feeling of pushing the limit", "Getting along with natives", “Making Korean American University students a role model", "Self-observe confronting unfamiliarity", "Self-encourage about enduring hardships", "Self-expansion for a better self", "Recognize self-transformation", "Focusing on the reality". Nursing students' self-awareness experience through a short-term overseas language study was a process of solving the phenomenon of 'feeling of pushing the limit', and a derived core category was 'surpass the feeling of pushing the limit and take a step forward'.
Conclusion Study participants experienced self-awareness. These results will not only expand our understanding about self-awareness of nursing students and educators but will also provide information for developing a short-term overseas study program.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of empowerment on the relationship between psychiatric nurses’ communication ability and nursing performance. Methods: Relationships among the subjects' communication ability, empowerment, and nursing performance were identified by Pearson's correlation coefficients. The mediating effect of the empowerment between communication ability and nursing performance was analyzed based on the Baron and Kenny approach using multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 24.0 program. Results: There was a direct relationship between the nurses' communication ability and nursing performance while caring for psychiatric patients. The empowerment had a partial significant mediating effect between communication ability and nursing performance. Conclusion It is necessary to develop empowering intervention for psychiatric nurses with poor communication ability and low performance.

PURPOSE: Rotavirus infection is a leading cause of severe gastroenteritis among infants and young children worldwide. In temperate regions, institutional outbreaks of the disease occur mainly in cold dry weather, whereas in tropical settings its seasonal course is less well defined. We studied the annual changes in the seasonal prevalence of rotavirus infection for 5 years. METHODS: The study was conducted on 502 patients who lived in Taejon city and its vicinity. They were diagnosed with rotavirus gastroenteritis by stool latex coagulation method in Eulji Medical College Hospital from July 1993 to June 1998. RESULTS: During the 5-years period, 502 fecal specimens were positive by rotavirus latex coagulation method. The peak of the infection occurred in 1994 (July 1994-June 1995), 152 cases (30.3%) from July 1994 to June 1995 and the next peak occurred in 111 cases (22.1%) from July 1993 to June 1994. The seasonal peaks of the infection occurred in December 1993 (17.1%) and January 1994 (21.1%) and in March 1996 (23.4%) and March 1997 (22.5%). CONCLUSOIN: We observed that the seasonal peak in rotavirus infection changed over a 5-year period. The timing of rotavirus activity peaked during December-January(1993 and 1994), Februray-March (1996), and March-April (1997).
Child ; Daejeon ; Disease Outbreaks ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Infant ; Latex ; Prevalence* ; Rotavirus ; Rotavirus Infections ; Seasons* ; Weather

In this study, we evaluated the association between autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5' region of the semaphorin 5A gene (SEMA5A) for 250 Korean trios including children with ASDs. Family-based association testing and haplotype analysis revealed a statistically significant association between rs194085 and multiple sociality traits with Korean ASDs in the dominant model (p < 0.001, corrected p=0.035). This indicates that genetic variations in the 5' region of SEMA5A play a role in the genetic predisposition to sociality traits in Korean ASDs.
Autism Spectrum Disorder* ; Autistic Disorder* ; Child ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Promoter Regions, Genetic* ; Semaphorins

OBJECTIVE: Communication problems are a prevalent symptom of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), which have a genetic background. Although several genome-wide studies on ASD have suggested a number of candidate genes, few studies have reported the association or linkage of specific endophenotypes to ASDs. METHODS: Forty-two Korean ASD patients who showed a language delay were enrolled in this study with their parents. We performed a genome-wide scan by using the Affymetrix SNP Array 5.0 platform to identify candidate genes responsible for language delay in ASDs. RESULTS: We detected candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in chromosome 11, rs11212733 (p-value=9.76x10(-6)) and rs7125479 (p-value=1.48x10(-4)), as a marker of language delay in ASD using the transmission disequilibrium test and multifactor dimensionality reduction test. CONCLUSION: Although our results suggest that several SNPs are associated with language delay in ASD, rs11212733 we were not able to observe any significant results after correction of multiple comparisons. This may imply that more samples may be required to identify genes associated with language delay in ASD.
Autistic Disorder ; Child ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 ; Endophenotypes ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Language Development Disorders ; Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction ; Parents ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide