The aim of this study is to assess the association between crown-rump length (CRL) measured before the 10th gestational week and birth weight. Results from 316 transvaginal ultrasonography scans at the 46th, 53rd, 60th, 67th, and 74th days of pregnancy were compared in low birth weight (LBW) versus normal birth weight groups. A positive correlation between CRL and birth weight was observed when CRL was measured at days 60, 67, and 74. CRL measured on the 67th day of pregnancy was significantly smaller in the LBW group than in the normal birth weight group. A cut-off value of CRL=26.5 mm measured at day 67 has the highest power to predict LBW.
Adult ; *Crown-Rump Length ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; *Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Maternal Age ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: To detect progression of right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction (RVSD) in asymptomatic preterm children from infancy to 24-month corrected age, using velocity vector imaging (VVI). METHODS: Retrospective study comparing sequential RV longitudinal peak systolic strain (LPSS) from 24 children born at < 33 weeks of gestational age and 10 term infants recruited as controls, obtained at a mean of 4-month (first exam) and 24-month corrected age (second exam). RESULTS: In 7/24 (29.2%) of preterm children, RV LPSS of < 16%, defined as RVSD, was detected at the second exam; 5/7 of these children had RV LPSS > 16% at the first exam, and only 2/7 of these children had a history of moderate or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. CONCLUSION: In asymptomatic preterm children, routine echocardiographic screening using VVI could detect RVSD which could progress from 4–24 month corrected age.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Child* ; Echocardiography ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Screening ; Retrospective Studies

No Abstract available.
Fetus* ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Pre-Eclampsia*

Background/Aims: Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is known as chronic recurrent abdominal pain related to compression of the celiac artery by the median arcuate ligament. We aim to seek the specific mechanism of the pain by evaluating symptoms and radiological characteristics on abdominal CT scans. Methods: We analyzed 35 patients who visited the emergency room for recurrent abdominal pain after cholecystectomy. We classified the characteristics of patients as 4 clinical components and 2 radiological components. We defined the sum of weighted clinical scores and weighted radiological scores as nutcracker ganglion abdominal pain syndrome (NCGAPS) scores. We categorized the patients into 3 groups classified by the degree of NCGAPS scores. The 3 patients with top-3 NCGAPS scores were recommended for CT angiography. Results: When the suspicion was graded by NCGAPS scores, post stenotic dilatation was significantly different among all groups (P < 0.001).The clinical components of pain varied positional or respirational change and continuous pain were significantly different among all the groups (P < 0.01). NCGAPS scores can remarkably differentiate highly suspicious patients in comparison to simply combined scores. Only 1 patient in the highly suspicious group by NCGAPS scores took the CT angiography and was confirmed with NCGAPS. Conclusions We suggest renaming MALS as NCGAPS, nutcracker celiac ganglion abdominal pain syndrome, to better explain the mechanism of the recurrent abdominal pain. Further studies on the diagnostic cutoff of clinical and radiological scores of NCGAPS are needed not to miss the diagnosis of NCGAPS.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the neurocognitive and behavioral endophenotypes of premorbid mood disorder. We compared intelligence, neuropsychological functioning, and behavioral problems among three groups: 1) a high-risk group [attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children of parents with a history of a mood disorder], 2) a low-risk group (ADHD children of parents without a history of a mood disorder), and 3) normal comparison subjects. METHODS: We used the Korean Educational Development Institute Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (KEDI-WISC-R), the Stroop Color Word Interference Test (Stroop), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT) as neurocognitive measures, and we used the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) as a behavioral measure. Performance on these neuropsychological tests and score on the CBCL of 18 high-risk children were compared to those of 20 low-risk children and 24 healthy children. We also assessed the children's current mood state and familial functioning to control for the confounding effects of these variables. RESULTS: Compared to low-risk and healthy children, high-risk children were impaired on the Picture Completion and Stroop Word subtest and showed higher scores on the CBCL subscales representing internalizing symptoms. These significant group differences persisted even after adjustment for the children's current mood state and familial functioning. CONCLUSION: Neuropsychological deficits in the offspring of parents with a mood disorder may be associated with the current mood state rather than with innate characteristics, while their internalizing symptoms may partially stem from innate characteristics that are endophenotypes of a premorbid mood disorder.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Checklist ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Endophenotypes ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Mood Disorders* ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Neuropsychology ; Parents* ; Pilot Projects* ; Wisconsin

PURPOSE: To identify causative agents of the drug-induced anaphylaxis (DIA) by using the Korea Institute of Drug Safety & Risk Management-Korea Adverse Event Reporting System (KIDS-KAERS) database (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) in Korea and to check their labeling information regarding anaphylaxis.METHODS: Among Individual Case Safety Reports from January, 2008 to December 2017, cases of DIA were analyzed for demographics, causative agents and fatal cases resulting in death. The domestic drug labeling, Micromedex and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug package insert, were reviewed to check if the labeling information on suspected causative agents contains anaphylaxis.RESULTS: A total of 4,700 cases of DIA were analyzed. The mean age was 49.85±18.32 years, and 2,642 patients (56.2%) were females. Among 8,664 drugs reported as causative agents, antibiotics (27.4%) accounted for the largest portion. There were 18 fatal cases: antibiotics (7 cases), antineoplastic agents (4 cases) were the major causative drugs for the mortality cases. Of 513 drugs reported as suspected causative agents, 103 (20.1%) did not list anaphylaxis as an adverse effect on domestic drug labeling and 16 (3.1%) did not reflect anaphylaxis in any of 3 adverse drug information.CONCLUSION: Analysis of 10-year data showed that antibiotics were the main cause of DIA and the mortality rate was 0.7%. In 3.1% of suspected drugs, there was no description of anaphylaxis in any of the drug labeling.
Anaphylaxis ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Demography ; Drug Labeling ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Mortality ; Pharmacovigilance ; United States Food and Drug Administration

Background/Aims: Despite proper use of pharmaceuticals, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can lead to problems related to patient safety. We analyzed the characteristics of ADRs, particularly serious adverse events (SAEs), in a single tertiary medical institution. Methods: Spontaneous ADR report data collected from 2010 to 2019 in Seoul National University Hospital were assessed. Causality was evaluated according to the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre criteria. Age, sex, onset, severity, seriousness, and system organ class (SOC) of ADRs and SAEs were analyzed. Results: During the study period, a total of 49,955 individual case safety reports were assessed as possible, probable, or certain. Although the number of gastrointestinal ADR reports was high (25.9%), severe cases were uncommon (2.6%). By contrast, the number of hematologic disorders was low (6.6%) but 39.2% of them were severe. Among ADRs, 10.2% were assessed as SAEs, the proportion of which was high at extreme ages and in males. Body as a whole-general disorders were the most frequently reported SOC for SAEs, followed by skin and appendage disorders. Antineoplastic agents and antibiotics were the most common causative agents of SAEs and ADRs. Anaphylactic reaction was the most frequent SAE (6.5%). Conclusions The proportion of SAE differs according to SOC and drug. Attention should be paid to SAEs in children and older adults because the rate of SAEs is significantly higher at extreme ages.

Purpose: Rituximab is prone to infusion-related reactions, which commonly requires desensitization to maintain its administration. Conventional desensitization protocols are using multistep infusion by diluting solutions. However, the process of diluting drugs and stepwise delivery needs additional time and effort. The objective of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of a nondiluting, one-bag protocol of rituximab desensitization. Methods: A retrospective study was performed by reviewing the medical records of patients who underwent rituximab desensitization between 2009 and 2018. The completion rate, occurrence and severity of breakthrough reactions (BTR), and time required to complete the therapy were compared between one-bag protocol and multibag protocol. Results were analyzed by generalized estimation equation method, and odds ratios (ORs) of completion rate and BTR incidence were estimated. Results: Total 190 cases of desensitization therapy were performed in 49 patients; the incidence of BTR was 16.84% and the overall completion rate was 96.32%. No significant difference in completion rate was found (OR, 3.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79– 16.38) and there was no significant difference in BTR incidence (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.23–2.82) in one-bag protocol. BTR in the one-bag protocol tended to occur even through entire steps, whereas most of the BTR in the multibag protocol occurred at later steps of the process. The average time spent in the desensitization was 60 minutes shorter in the one-bag than the multibag protocol (258.15 minutes vs. 329.81 minutes, P< 0.001). Conclusion One-bag desensitization protocol showed no significant difference in safety and efficiency compared to the conventional multibag protocol, with shortening the time required for completion.

Background/Aims: Despite proper use of pharmaceuticals, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can lead to problems related to patient safety. We analyzed the characteristics of ADRs, particularly serious adverse events (SAEs), in a single tertiary medical institution. Methods: Spontaneous ADR report data collected from 2010 to 2019 in Seoul National University Hospital were assessed. Causality was evaluated according to the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre criteria. Age, sex, onset, severity, seriousness, and system organ class (SOC) of ADRs and SAEs were analyzed. Results: During the study period, a total of 49,955 individual case safety reports were assessed as possible, probable, or certain. Although the number of gastrointestinal ADR reports was high (25.9%), severe cases were uncommon (2.6%). By contrast, the number of hematologic disorders was low (6.6%) but 39.2% of them were severe. Among ADRs, 10.2% were assessed as SAEs, the proportion of which was high at extreme ages and in males. Body as a whole-general disorders were the most frequently reported SOC for SAEs, followed by skin and appendage disorders. Antineoplastic agents and antibiotics were the most common causative agents of SAEs and ADRs. Anaphylactic reaction was the most frequent SAE (6.5%). Conclusions The proportion of SAE differs according to SOC and drug. Attention should be paid to SAEs in children and older adults because the rate of SAEs is significantly higher at extreme ages.

Background/Aims: Tuberculosis has incidence and mortality rates that are among the highest for all communicable diseases. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to anti-tubercular drugs are common, and have a major impact on treatment maintenance and prognosis. It is important to understand the characteristics of ADRs and establish a suitable management plan. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with ADRs during treatment with first-line antitubercular drugs such as isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide from 2009 to 2018. Age, sex, and total treatment period, and the onset, severity, seriousness, and system organ class of ADRs, were analyzed to understand the characteristics of first-line anti-tubercular drug-related ADRs. Results: A total of 1,606 of 5,482 patients (29.3%) experienced ADRs after administration of first-line anti-tubercular drugs. The incidence of ADRs related to isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide was 22.2%, 21.3%, 24.5%, and 29.6%, respectively. A total of 2,098 ADR reports were made (mean of 1.3 ± 0.6 per patient). The rates of mild, moderate, and severe ADRs were 32.4%, 61.1%, and 6.5%, respectively. There were 127 reports (6.1%) of serious ADRs. Skin and appendage disorders were most frequently reported (27.5%), followed by gastrointestinal disorders (17.5%), and liver and biliary system disorders (13.1%). The total treatment period was longer in patients who experienced ADRs (224.0 ± 3.1 days vs. 247.0 ± 4.7 days, p = 0.009). Conclusions The incidence of ADRs to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs was 29.3%, and 6.5% were severe ADRS. ADRs prolonged the overall treatment duration, indicating the importance of their detection and management.