The therapeutic applications of Soft Contact Lenses including its optical use are most popular, devices in Ophthalmological field. The presoaked soft contact lenses (Bionite Lens) by 1% pilocarpine,10% phenylnephrine. 1% homatropine, and 1% atropine for 4 minutes are inserted into the albino rabbit and the size of pupil was measured using mm. caliper under the dim red light in the dark room. Hourly measurements were carried out and were stopped in each subject when the pupil size of both eyes had returned to normal. The pupil size of control group, which only the above drug were instilled into the conjunctival cuI de sac, was also measured as the same method. As conclusion using soft contact lens in the therapeutic purpose, it potentiate the effect of medication and prolong the time of drug effect compared with the control groups.
Atropine ; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic* ; Miotics* ; Mydriatics* ; Pupil

Occlusion or stenosis of lacrimal punctum may be from congenital origin, but can be caused by a variety of factors such as inflamations, tumors, traumas, and systemic diseases that invade punctum. Occlusion or stenosis of punctum was reported after use of drugs, such as strong miotics or idoxuridine also. The initial procedure to be employed in punctal stenosis caused by most factors is punctal dilation. In 1985, Awan used a new application of laser in the treatment of punctal stenosis, reporting good result. Two Korean adults with acquired punctal stenosis were treated by laser punctoplasty with good results.
Adult ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Humans ; Idoxuridine ; Miotics

Occlusion or stenosis of lacrimal punctum may be from congenital origin, but can be caused by a variety of factors such as inflamations, tumors, traumas, and systemic diseases that invade punctum. Occlusion or stenosis of punctum was reported after use of drugs, such as strong miotics or idoxuridine also. The initial procedure to be employed in punctal stenosis caused by most factors is punctal dilation. In 1985, Awan used a new application of laser in the treatment of punctal stenosis, reporting good result. Two Korean adults with acquired punctal stenosis were treated by laser punctoplasty with good results.
Adult ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Humans ; Idoxuridine ; Miotics

The changes in the choroidal blood flow induced by the intravenously administered miotics (pilocarpine, 1mg/kg) and mydriatics(atropine, O.1mg/kg) were investigated in rabbits with the use of the blood flow measuring apparatus according to the principle of Grayson's internal calorimetry, thermistors as sensing elements. Atropine caused slow increase in the choroidal blood flow after transient decrease, the maximal increase being about 85% of the pre-injection level. Pilocarpine also produced moderate increase of the blood flow by more than 100% of the original level. From these data it is concluded that both atropine and pilocarpine caused significant increase in the choroidal blood flow in rabbit.
Atropine ; Calorimetry ; Choroid* ; Miotics ; Pilocarpine ; Rabbits*

From May, 1982 to Aug. 1984, authors analyzed the clinical results of the evaluation of 43 esotropic patients who underwent surgery, except the patients with congenital esotropia. The obtained results were as follows; 1. Male occupied 46.5% and female 53.5%. Partially accommodative cases were 2.8 times as many as nonaccommodative cases. 2. Common age of onset was 2 years and common operative age was 4 years. Above a half of cases underwent operation within 2 years after onset. 3. Common age of the first hospital visit was 4 years and all cases underwent operation within 2 years after that time. 4. The angle of deviation between 21 delta - 30 delta was found in 34.9% of cases. 5. Refraction after instillation of cycloplegic agent showed that 46.5% of cases were over +2.0D and 37.2% between + 2.0D and 0D. 6. Type of surgery was monocular medial recession with lateral resection in 34.9 % of cases. 7. Postoperative fusion was achieved 3.5 times as high as non-fusion in the cases who underwent operation before the age of 4 years and in the cases who underwent operation after that age the ratio were about the same. 8. Postoperative angle of deviation were orthophoric in 44.2% of cases. Undercorrection was noticed in 48.8% of cases and overcorrection in 7% of cases. 9. Postoperative nonsurgical methods of treatment for remained abnormalities were wearing of glasses, the occlussive therapy and the use of miotics, etc. Among them, the wearing of glasses was most available.
Age of Onset ; Esotropia* ; Eyeglasses ; Female ; Glass ; Humans ; Male ; Miotics

This analysis describes the influence of miotics (pilocarpine) on the visual field obtained from the Goldmann perimetry testing of 10 ocular hypertensive eyes (7 patients) and 10 glaucomatous eyes (8 patients) by comparison of two visual fields testing at miotic state and at normal pupil size. The analysis of visual field was done by Esterman grid for functional estimation and by section paper for gross evaluation. The results were as follows; 1. Decreased pupillary size caused not only the decrease of the gross visual field but also the decrease of the functional visual field. 2. Absolute scotoma was not influenced by the pupillary size.
Glaucoma* ; Miotics* ; Pupil ; Scotoma ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields*

Puillary capture in an unusual complication of posterior chamber intraocuIar lens (PCL) implantation and may occur in the early or late postoperative period. An analysis of clinical records was made in 27 pupillary capture cases receiving PCL from Jan 1, 1986 to Mar. 31, 1990. Twenty-two cases (81.5%) were male, and five cases (18.5%) were female. Among the captured PCL, 6.0mm optic and 13.5mm length PCLs were most commonly implanted. All PCLs used in the study had lO degrees angulation of the IOL loops and asymmetric fixation of loop was noted in 5.9% of all pupillary catpure cases. The interval between cataract operation and pupillary capture was variable but most cases (81.5%) of pupillary capture were developed within one year after operation. The subjective symptoms and signs of pupillary capture were decreased vision, glare, double vision, conjunctival injection, tearing and discomfortness while 12 cases (44.4%) had no subjectIve symptoms The reposition of pupillary capture was successfully done by using mydriatics and miotics in 15 of 27 cases (55.6%) and surgical correction was needed in only 2 cases. The recurrence was developed in 53.3% of cases that were corrected with mydriatics Complictions of pupillary capture were iridocapsular or iridolenticular adhesion, atrophy and depigmentation of iris, transient iritis, and pupillary distortion.
Atrophy ; Cataract ; Diplopia ; Female ; Glare ; Humans ; Iris ; Iritis ; Male ; Miotics ; Mydriatics ; Postoperative Period ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of DMSO on the iris muscle contractility and to compare DMSO with other detergents(ethanol and triton-x 100). METHODS: After anesthesizing rats with an intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium, each animal was fixed under microscope. The pupil response to the drugs was examined by CCD camera and the video edge motion detector was used for measurement of alteration of the pupil size. The pupil response to the drugs was recorded by MacLab chart(version 3.6/s). RESULTS: Miosis induced by DMSO was initiated after 5 minutes, peaked at around 30 minutes and maintained until 3 hours after instillation. Miotic effect of DMSO was in a dose dependent manner ranging 0.01%-10% and was not reversed after washout. All detergents used in the present experiment induced miosis, however, DMSO elicited the strongest miotic response. After pretreatment with atropine, DMSO-induced miotic response was not affected, showing similar changes with control group. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, it is concluded that DMSO induces miosis by inducing relaxation of iris dilator muscle.
Animals ; Atropine ; Detergents ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide* ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Iris* ; Miosis ; Miotics ; Pentobarbital ; Pupil ; Rats* ; Relaxation

PURPOSE: To report three cases of Urrets-Zavalia syndrome after deep lamellar keratoplasty. CASE SUMMARY: A retrospective chart analysis of two men who underwent deep lamellar keraplasty after corneal chemical burns and one woman who was treated with deep lamellar keratoplasty due to lattice dystrophy was performed. To maintain the anterior chamber depth and prevent formation of a double anterior chamber after deep lamellar keratoplasty, air or gas (C3F8) was injected into the anterior chamber for all three cases. After injections of air or gas (C3F8) into the anterior chamber, pupillary blocks occurred and intraocular pressures increased. Afterwards, intraocular pressures were well-controlled, but the pupil remained irreversibly fixed and dilated despite the use of miotics. CONCLUSIONS: Urrets-Zavalia syndrome, a postoperative complication, was first reported in a patient who underwent penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus. This syndrome can also occur after deep lamellar keratoplasty on rare occasions.
Anterior Chamber ; Burns, Chemical ; Corneal Transplantation ; Female ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Keratoconus ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Male ; Miotics ; Postoperative Complications ; Pupil ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo compare the action of miosis of 1% pilocarpine liposome with 1% pilocarpine solution in rabbits.

METHODS18 white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups. Test group received 1% pilocarpine liposome, positive control group received 1% pilocarpine solution, negative control group received liposome. Each eye drop instilled into left eye of rabbits and sterile saline solution instilled into right eye as control. The pupil diameter was measured at time intervals of beginning, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 hours.

RESULTSThe mean pupil diameter change of 3 groups in both eyes was not significant (P > 0.05) at beginning. The strongest action of miosis took place 0.25 h in positive control group and 0.5 h in test group after instillation. The dilation of pupil in both groups took place 1 h and 3 h, and the restoration of pupil in both groups took place at 5 h and 7 h. The mean pupil diameter of negative control group was not significant in seven hours.

CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that 1% pilocarpine liposome improves the bioavailability and prolong the duration of its action.

Animals ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Female ; Liposomes ; pharmacology ; Male ; Miotics ; pharmacology ; Pilocarpine ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Pupil ; drug effects ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation