We measured apparent accommodation in 40 contact lens wearing monocular aphakic eyes (40 patients). The mean apparent accommodation was 1.74 +/- 0.73 diopters. The apparent accommodation was not influenced by the target size. There was no primary correlation between apparent accommodation and reciprocal of pupillary diameter, but significant difference between apparent accommodation of small pupil group(or=7.0mm). It suggests that apparent accommodation is influenced by the pupil size in aphakic eyes. Accommodation of phakic eyes was significantly greater than apparent accommodation of contralateral aphakic eyes in the group of age between 45 and 55.
Miosis ; Pupil

Congenital miosis is observed in 4 members of a family in two generations. One of them has a right miotic eye and a left normal eye. Others have bilateral miotic eyes.
Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Miosis*

Objective: This study investigated the effect of brimonidine on the anterior-chamber angle in eyes with narrow angles using noncontact three-dimensional anterior-segment analyzer Pentacam. Methods: Nine eyes with narrow angles were distributed to one of three treatment groups—single topical dose of 0.15% brimonidine tartrate, 0.5% timolol maleate (positive control), or balanced salt solution (negative control)—in a prospective, single-masked, crossover, comparative trial. The primary outcome measure was anterior-chamber angle at baseline, and 2 and 4 hours after instillation of the treatment drug. Secondary outcome measures were pupil diameter, intraocular pressure (IOP), and anterior-chamber depth and volume. After a two-week washout period, eyes were crossed over to the other treatment modes. All baseline and posttreatment measurements were taken. Repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis. Results: Anterior-chamber angle, depth, and volume did not differ significantly for all treatment groups. Brimonidine caused a significant decrease in pupil diameter, most notably 2 hours after instillation, from baseline of 2.36 ± 0.37 mm to 2.17 ± 0.35 mm. (p = 0.03). There was a significant decrease in IOP from baseline to hour 4 after treatment for both brimonidine (11.4 ± 2.2 to 9 ± 1.8 mm Hg, p < 0.001) and timolol (11.9 ± 2.3 to 9.4 ± 2.1 mm Hg, p = 0.003). Conclusions Brimonidine produced a miotic trend with no significant opening of the anterior-chamber angle in patients with narrow angles.
Brimonidine Tartrate ; Miosis ; Intraocular Pressure

To predict the mydriatic status of the cataract patients preoperatively, we performed maximal mydriasis test with stepwise instillations of 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine or 10% phenylephrine to the out-patients who was scheduled to have cataract operation. Among 210 eyes of 113 patients, the pupillary size of 167 eyes was dilated to 8mm or more and the other 43 eyes were insufficiently dilated to less than 8mm diameter. In the insufficiently dilated group, we have observed the presumable causes of insufficient mydriasis as follows: posterior synechiae, diabetic autonomic pupillopathy, age-related miosis and unknown. By this test, we could predict the mydriatic status of the cataract patient preoperatively and could prepare the appropriate operative method and equipment effectively.
Cataract* ; Humans ; Miosis ; Mydriasis* ; Outpatients ; Phenylephrine ; Tropicamide

PURPOSE: To determine changes in the degree of pseudomyopia and convergence in patients with spasm of the near reflex. METHODS: In 5 patients with spasm of the near reflex, we checked following: UCVA/BCVA, the degree of pseudomyopia revealed through manifest and cycloplegic refraction tests, pupil size, limitation of EOM, the amount of convergence defined by the alternate prism cover test, and slit lamp and funduscopic exams. RESULTS: Of the 5 patients with spasm of near reflex, 3 had accommodative spasm alone and 2 had accommodative spasm, convergence spasm and miosis. The patients' degrees of pseudomyopia and convergence were -8.0D and 14PD on the average. which disappeared after an average of 10.8 months but recurred in 1 of the 3 patients with accommodative spasm. As for spasm of the near reflex, 1 patient showed improvement in convergence but worsening pseudomyopia during the follow-up period, and another patient showed recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The most common clinical feature of spasm of the near reflex is accommodative spasm. Patients with accommodative spasm alone showed better prognosis among all patients with spasm of the near reflex in terms of recurrence and the disease course.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Miosis ; Prognosis ; Pupil ; Recurrence ; Reflex* ; Spasm*

PURPOSE: We compared anterior capsule-sparing lensectomy and phacoemulsification performed during vitrectomy. METHODS: We reviewed the data of 103 eyes with combined surgery of the lens and vitreous: lensectomy had been performed in 61 eyes, and phacoemulsification in 42. RESULTS: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy was the most common indication of operation in both groups. Miosis occurred during operation in 1 eye (1.6%) of the lensectomy patients, and in 5 eyes (11.9%) of the phacoemulsification patients; the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Postoperative visual acuity improved in 68.9% and 64.3% of the patients in the lensectomy and phacoemulsification groups, respectively. No difference was found between the groups in the rate of other complications including capsular opacity, neovascular glaucoma, etc. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in the surgical outcomes between the two groups except for the higher rate of miosis during operation in the phacoemulsification group. Anterior capsule sparing lensectomy could be an alternative method in the selected patients.
Diabetic Retinopathy ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Humans ; Miosis ; Phacoemulsification* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy*

A cluster headache is characterized by the occurrence of strictly unilateral and periocular pain with no side shift and ipsilateral oculofacial autonomic symptoms such as conjunctival injection, lacrimation, rhinorrhea and miosis. Cluster headache involves the activation of parasympathetic nerve structures located within the sphenopalatine ganglion, and blockade of the sphenopalatine ganglion has been shown to be effective at the treatment of cluster headaches that are resistant to conventional therapy. Herein, we describe a case of a 50-year-old male with a cluster headache that could not be controlled by conventional treatments who showed improvement after being treated with sphenopalatine ganglion pulsed radiofrequency.
Cluster Headache* ; Ganglion Cysts* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Miosis

In an attempt to know the nature of the pupils in neonates, the authors studied the pupil diameter and net miosis to the light stimulation of 70 neonates ranging from 27.3 weeks to 42.0 weeks of gestational age. The mean corneal diameter was 9.3mm. The mean pupil diameters of awakening infants (200 1ux) and in bright light stimulation were 3.1mm and 2.1mm respectively. All the cases had the response to light stimulation and the mean net miosis was 1.0mm. Anisocoria of 0.5mm to 1.0mm was detected in 11 infants (16%). Thus it may be warranted that the careful investigation to search for neurologic abnormalities is necessary if the pupil size of the neonate is more than 2 standard deviation from the mean (smaller than 1.7mm or larger than 4.5mm in dim illummation), or if their pupils do not respond to light challenge.
Anisocoria ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Miosis ; Pupil*

In an attempt to know the nature of the pupils in neonates, the authors studied the pupil diameter and net miosis to the light stimulation of 70 neonates ranging from 27.3 weeks to 42.0 weeks of gestational age. The mean corneal diameter was 9.3mm. The mean pupil diameters of awakening infants (200 1ux) and in bright light stimulation were 3.1mm and 2.1mm respectively. All the cases had the response to light stimulation and the mean net miosis was 1.0mm. Anisocoria of 0.5mm to 1.0mm was detected in 11 infants (16%). Thus it may be warranted that the careful investigation to search for neurologic abnormalities is necessary if the pupil size of the neonate is more than 2 standard deviation from the mean (smaller than 1.7mm or larger than 4.5mm in dim illummation), or if their pupils do not respond to light challenge.
Anisocoria ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Miosis ; Pupil*

To evaluate effects of the topical administration of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug on anterior uveitis, suprofen eye drop was instilled into the left eye of 10 pigmented rabbits and then experimental anterior uveitis was induced by injecting 750 mocro gram/kg endotoxin of Shigella flexneri serotype 1A into their peritoneal cavities. The pupillary diameters were measured, and cell and flare gradings were recorded in 20 eyes of 10 rabbits for one week at an interval of 12 hours for the first day and then daily. Differences between the treatment and control groups were investigated. All the above parameters showed greatest changes at 12 or 24 hours after the injection of endotoxin and became normal by one week. The treatment and the control groups demonstrated statistically significant difference at 12 hours, day 1, and day 2 as for pupillary diameter and at day 1 and day 2 as for cell and at 12 hours and day 1 as for flare. Thus, it is concluded that prostaglandin plays a role in miosis and the appearance of inflammatory cells and flare in anterior uveitis and the topical administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug can alleviate signs of anterior uveitis. The specific relationship between leucotriene B4 and polymorphonuclear leucocytes influx was not demonstrated.
Administration, Topical ; Miosis ; Rabbits ; Shigella flexneri ; Suprofen ; Uveitis, Anterior*